Purification and Properties of Adductor Muscle Phosphofructokinase from the Oyster, Crassostrea virginica. The Aerobic/Anaerobic Transition: Role of Arginine phosphate in Enzyme Control

1976 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth B. STOREY
Keyword(s):  
Crassostrea Virginica ◽  
Adductor Muscle ◽  
Purification And Properties

Anaerobiosis, recovery from anoxia, and the role of strombine and alanopine in the oyster Crassostrea virginica

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 2682-2687 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Eberlee ◽  
Janet M. Storey ◽  
Kenneth B. Storey
Keyword(s):  
Crassostrea Virginica ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Anaerobic Metabolism ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Adductor Muscle ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Imino Acid ◽  
Imino Acids

Tissue-specific metabolism was monitored in gill, mantle, and adductor muscle of the oyster Crassostrea virginica over a time course of 96 h of anoxia followed by 48 h of recovery from anoxia. Succinate and alanine accumulated as products of anaerobic metabolism while aspartic acid was utilized as a substrate of anaerobiosis. The imino acids alanopine and strombine were not produced during anoxia. During aerobic recovery tissue levels of metabolites returned to control levels, succinate within 2 h in mantle and gill and 6 h in muscle, while restoration of alanine levels required about 24 h. Aspartate pools were restored in 4 to 6 h. Alanopine and strombine accumulated during the recovery period. By 2 h of recovery, alanopine content of mantle and gill had risen by 1.3 and 0.5 μmol/g, respectively, while in adductor muscle both alanopine and strombine accumulated with net increases of 2 and 2.7 μmol/g. Imino acid content declined after 6–12 h of recovery returning to control levels by 24 h. The roles of alanopine and strombine in the oyster are not as products of anaerobic metabolism but rather as products of glycolytic function during recovery. The increased metabolic rate associated with the return to aquatic conditions appears to require some glycolytic energy production to meet overall tissue energy requirements of recovery.

THE GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY OF THE DIGESTIVE TRACT OF THE OYSTER CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA (GMELIN)

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara L. Shaw ◽  
Helen I. Battle
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Crassostrea Virginica ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Dorsal Surface ◽  
Adductor Muscle ◽  
Posterior Chamber ◽  
Microscopic Anatomy ◽  
The North ◽  
Cytoplasmic Processes

The gross and microscopic anatomy of the digestive tract of Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin), the common oyster of commerce of the North Atlantic Coast, is described. The dorsoventrally compressed mouth bounded by two pairs of labial palps leads into a crescentic oesophagus, thence to the anterior chamber of the stomach from which a complex caecum extends into anteriorly and posteriorly directed spiral appendices. The posterior chamber of the stomach bears a chondroid gastric shield and leads into an elongated chamber which is incompletely divided by two typhlosoles into a style-sac and mid-gut. The intestine is divisible into ascending, median, and descending limbs, the latter merging into the rectum which terminates on the dorsal surface of the adductor muscle. Extensively branched tubular digestive diverticula exit from the stomach by a series of ducts along the margin of the caecum and the posterior stomach. The complete digestive tract is lined by a simple columnar epithelium which is ciliated throughout with the exception of the upper lip or fused external palps, the lower side of the gastric shield in the posterior stomach, and the tubules of the digestive diverticula. Mucous secreting and eosinophilic epithelial cells occur in varying numbers along the course of the tract. Phagocytes are present between the lining epithelial cells, among the peripheral collagenous and muscle fibers, as well as in the lumen of the tract. The gastric shield is shown to be intimately attached to the underlying epithelium by a central clip as well as by minute cytoplasmic processes. The anatomical relationships are compared with various lamellibranchs including the Chilean oyster, Ostrea chilensis Philippi; the European oyster, Ostrea edulis L.; and the Portuguese oyster, Gryphea angulata Lamarck.

Purification and properties of glutamate-phenylpyruvate aminotransferase from the ruminal protozoan Entodinium caudatum

2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 991
Author(s):  
Md. Ruhul Amin ◽  
Ryoji Onodera ◽  
R. Islam Khan ◽  
R. John Wallace ◽  
C. Jamie Newbold
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Purification And Properties ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
S 100 ◽  
A Cell

Entodinium species are important in catabolic protein metabolism by the mixed ruminal microbial population. This study was conducted to purify, and investigate properties of one of the enzymes involved in amino acid metabolism by Entodinium caudatum, glutamate-phenylpyruvate aminotransferase (GPA; EC 2.6.1.64). GPA was purified 74-fold from a cell-free extract by ammonium sulfate precipitation and column chromatography with phenyl-superose, DEAE-Toyopearl 650M, Sephacryl S-100 HR, and Sephadex G-100. The molecular mass of GPA was estimated by SDS–PAGE to be 65.0 kDa. The optimum pH was 6.0 and it was found to be reactive over a wide range of pH from 5.0 to 10.5. Maximum activity of GPA occurred at 45°C and the activity declined at temperatures over 55°C. GPA was stable below 60°C. Aminooxyacetate and phenylhydrazine were highly inhibitory, and SDS, EDTA, and some heavy metal ions also inhibited activity. The purification and characterisation of the enzyme will help to isolate the gene and ultimately to understand the role of GPA in both anabolic and catabolic amino acid metabolism by Entodinium caudatum.

The role of an overlooked adductor muscle in the feeding mechanism of ray-finned fishes: Predictions from simulations of a deep-sea viperfish

Zoology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 125678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher P. Kenaley ◽  
Mikhaila C. Marecki ◽  
George V. Lauder
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Adductor Muscle ◽  
Feeding Mechanism

Periodicities in the thick filaments of the opaque and translucent parts of the adductor of the oyster, Crassostrea virginica

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 608-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Morrison ◽  
M. L. Cameron ◽  
P. H. Odense
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Crassostrea Virginica ◽  
Adductor Muscle ◽  
Thick Filaments ◽  
Catch Mechanism

The opaque and translucent parts of the adductor muscle of Crassostrea virginica were studied. A transverse periodicity was found in the thick filaments from both types of muscle, and a diagonal periodicity was also found in the thick filaments from the opaque muscle. The thick filaments of the opaque muscle had transverse periods of 56 Å and diagonal periods of 334 Å. Since the diagonal periodicity occurs only in smooth muscle, it may represent a structure associated with the catch mechanism.

Gross Structure of the Adductor Muscles of Some Pelecypods

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 1583-1585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol M. Morrison ◽  
Paul H. Odense
Keyword(s):  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Crassostrea Virginica ◽  
Adductor Muscle ◽  
Mya Arenaria ◽  
Placopecten Magellanicus ◽  
Spisula Solidissima ◽  
Arctica Islandica ◽  
Modiolus Modiolus ◽  
Adductor Muscles ◽  
Clinocardium Ciliatum

A study of the gross structure of adductor muscles of the following pelecypods showed that they conform to Morton’s grouping into the a) "Protobranchia" (Nucula proxima and Yoldia limatula), b) "shallow-burrowing lamellibranchs" (Clinocardium ciliatum, Venericardia borealis, Astarte undata, Arctica islandica, Venus mercenaria, and Spisula solidissima), c) "surface attached lamellibranchs" (Mytilus edulis, Modiolus modiolus, Modiolus demissus, Placopecten magellanicus, and Crassostrea virginica), d) "deep-burrowing and immobile lamellibranchs" (Ensis directus, Hiatella arctica, and Mya arenaria); thus providing more evidence for his classification. The adductor muscle is divided into two portions — translucent and opaque — except in the "deep-burrowing and immobile lamellibranchs", which have opaque muscles only.

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