Relative effectiveness of Scolytus scolytus, S. multistriatus and S. kirschi as vectors of Dutch elm disease

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan F. Webber
Keyword(s):  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Dutch Elm Disease ◽  
Scolytus Scolytus

Bursaphelenchus michalskii sp. n. (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae), a nematode associate of the large elm bark beetle, Scolytus scolytus Fabr. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in Dutch elm disease-affected elm, Ulmus laevis Pall.

Nematology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-318
Author(s):  
Marek Tomalak ◽  
Anna Filipiak
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Excretory Pore ◽  
Dutch Elm Disease ◽  
Molecular Profile ◽  
Male Body ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Scolytus Scolytus ◽  
Elm Bark Beetle ◽  
Ulmus Laevis

Summary Bursaphelenchus michalskii sp. n. is described from the bark of the European white elm, Ulmus laevis. All propagative stages of the nematode were found in larval galleries of the large elm bark beetle, Scolytus scolytus, and in overlapping gallery systems of this species and the small European elm bark beetle, S. multistriatus. Dauer juveniles of the new nematode are transmitted to new breeding trees under elytra of adult S. scolytus. Bursaphelenchus michalskii sp. n. is characterised by the female body length of 953 (838-1108) μm and male body length of 893 (811-971) μm, very slender body (a = 53.9 (46.1-58.5) and 60.9 (52.2-72.0) in female and male, respectively), lateral fields with three incisures (two bands), excretory pore usually located anterior to the median bulb, lack of vulval flap, long post-uterine sac, relatively small spicules 12.3 (10.8-13.3) μm long with no cucullus and with distinct, somewhat thorn-like, dorsally bent or reflexed condylus and a conical or digitate rostrum, and the arrangement of the seven male caudal papillae (i.e., a single precloacal ventromedian papilla (P1), one pair of adcloacal ventrosublateral papillae (P2) at or just anterior to cloacal slit, one ventrosublateral, postcloacal pair (P3) located at ca 60% of the tail length, posterior to cloacal slit, and one pair (P4) of ventrosublateral papillae located near the base of the bursa). The newly described species shares most of the key morphological characters with members of the eremus-group (sensu Braasch et al., 2009). However, B. michalskii sp. n. is unique amongst Bursaphelenchus species by a combination of female tail and spicule shape, excretory pore position, and other morphometric characters. These findings were confirmed by DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the 18S and 28S rDNA regions and by the unique molecular profile of the ITS region (ITS-RFLP).

Ceratocystis ulmi. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1973 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Booth
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Dutch Elm Disease ◽  
Airborne Spores ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Eastern Usa ◽  
Scolytus Scolytus ◽  
Root Grafts ◽  
Hylurgopinus Rufipes ◽  
Marked Resistance

Abstract A description is provided for Ceratocystis ulmi. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Ulmus spp., Zelkova serrara; U. glabra and U. americana are highly susceptible, U. procera is susceptible, while Asian elms, U. parvifolia, U. pumila and U. pumila pennato-ramosa, have marked resistance. Zelkova serrata is highly susceptible; the reactions of other species of Zelkova are not known. DISEASE: Dutch Elm Disease. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe (throughout, to a northern limit in central Scotland, central Norway, central Sweden. Absent from north Russia). N. America (eastern Canada, central and eastern USA) (CMI Map 36, ed. 4, 1970). TRANSMISSION: By the bark beetles Scolytus scolytus, S. multistriatus and (in N. America) by Hylurgopinus rufipes. The fungus fruits in the larval galleries and spores are carried internally and externally to young shoots where beetles emerge and migrate. Infection of the vessels, which leads to the disease, takes place during the period before breeding, when the beetles feed, cutting grooves and boring in the thin bark of twigs. Transmission by root grafts is known (15, 266) and direct infection by airborne spores is theoretically possible but does not take place under natural conditions.

Scolytus scolytus. [Distribution map].

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Dutch Elm Disease ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Scolytus Scolytus ◽  
Elm Bark Beetle ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Scolytus scolytus (F.) (S. destructor(Ol.)) (Col., Scolytidae) (Larger Elm Bark-beetle) (A vector of Dutch elm disease). Host Plants: Ulmus spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE (excl. USSR), Austria, Belgium, Britain, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Rumania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Yugoslavia, ASIA, Iran, Jammu and Kashmir, USSR.

Natality, mortality and control of the elm bark beetle Scolytus scolytus (F.) (Col., Scolytidae)

1969 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Beaver
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Dutch Elm Disease ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Scolytus Scolytus ◽  
Elm Bark Beetle ◽  
And Control

Natality is more important than mortality in the determination of the number of first-generation adults of Scolytus scolytus (F.) to emerge. The reverse is the case for the overwintering generation. Temperature is a probable key factor for the first generation, and subcortical predators for the overwintering generation. These results are related to possible control of the beetle as a vector of Dutch elm disease by injection of systemic insecticides. It is suggested that control measures may only be necessary in the climatic conditions of the United Kingdom in hot summers when a large first generation is likely to emerge. Natural mortality factors will effectively reduce the beetle population that overwinters.

scholarly journals Vectors of Dutch Elm Disease in Northern Europe

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 393
Author(s):  
Liina Jürisoo ◽  
Ilmar Süda ◽  
Ahto Agan ◽  
Rein Drenkhan
Keyword(s):  
Dutch Elm Disease ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Previous Knowledge ◽  
Pacbio Sequencing ◽  
Disease Vector ◽  
Scolytus Scolytus ◽  
Xyleborus Dispar ◽  
First Time

Potential Dutch elm disease vector beetle species were caught with pheromone bottle traps and handpicked in 2019: in total, seven species and 261 specimens were collected. The most common was Scolytus triarmatus, but by percent, the incidence of Ophiostoma novo-ulmi was highest in Scolytus scolytus, followed by Xyleborinus saxesenii and S. triarmatus. We analysed the beetles’ DNA using PacBio sequencing to determine vector beetles of Ophiostoma novo-ulmi. Ophiostoma novo-ulmi was found on six out of seven analysed beetle species: Scolytus scolytus, S. triarmatus, S. multistriatus, S. laevis, Xyleborinus saxesenii and Xyleborus dispar. The last two beetles were detected as vectors for Ophiostoma novo-ulmi for the first time. Previous knowledge on the spread of beetles is discussed.

Studies on the Fungal Pathogen of Dutch Elm Disease

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 400-401
Author(s):  
H.M. Mazzone ◽  
G. Wray ◽  
R. Zerillo
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dutch Elm Disease ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Sabouraud Agar ◽  
Total Inhibition ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Control Plate

The fungal pathogen of the Dutch elm disease (DED), Ceratocystis ulmi (Buisman) C. Moreau, has eluded effective control since its introduction in the United States more than sixty years ago. Our studies on DED include establishing biological control agents against C. ulmi. In this report we describe the inhibitory action of the antibiotic polymyxin B on the causal agent of DED.In screening a number of antibiotics against C. ulmi, we observed that filter paper discs containing 300 units (U) of polymyxin B (Difco Laboratories) per disc, produced zones of inhibition to the fungus grown on potato dextrose agar or Sabouraud agar plates (100mm x 15mm), Fig. 1a. Total inhibition of fungal growth on a plate occurred when agar overlays containing fungus and antibiotic (polymyxin B sulfate, ICN Pharmaceuticals, Inc.) were poured on the underlying agar growth medium. The agar overlays consisted of the following: 4.5 ml of 0.7% agar, 0.5 ml of fungus (control plate); 4.0 ml of 0.7% agar, 0.5 ml of fungus, 0.5 ml of polymyxin B sulfate (77,700 U). Fig. 1, b and c, compares a control plate and polymyxin plate after seven days.

The Microscopy of Compatibility and Incompatibility in Ulmus

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 504-505
Author(s):  
B. L. Redmond ◽  
Christopher F. Bob
Keyword(s):  
Dutch Elm Disease ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Hybrid Progeny ◽  
Ulmus Pumila ◽  
Ulmus Americana ◽  
American Elm ◽  
Asian Species ◽  
Ulmus Parvifolia ◽  
Initial Appearance ◽  
Chinese Elm

The American Elm (Ulmus americana L.) has been plagued by Dutch Elm Disease (DED), a lethal disease caused by the fungus Ceratocystis ulmi (Buisman) c. Moreau. Since its initial appearance in North America around 1930, DED has wrought inexorable devastation on the American elm population, triggering both environmental and economic losses. In response to the havoc caused by the disease, many attempts have been made to hybridize U. americana with a few ornamentally less desirable, though highly DED resistant, Asian species (mainly the Siberian elm, Ulmus pumila L., and the Chinese elm Ulmus parvifolia Jacq.). The goal is to develop, through breeding efforts, hybrid progeny that display the ornamentally desirable characteristics of U. americana with the disease resistance of the Asian species. Unfortunately, however, all attempts to hybridize U. americana have been prevented by incompatibility. Only through a firm understanding of both compatibility and incompatibility will it be possible to circumvent the incompatibility and hence achieve hybridization.

Relative effectiveness of selected sunscreens

1970 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 466-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I. Katz
Keyword(s):  
Relative Effectiveness
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document