scholarly journals Oral administration of protease inhibits enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli receptor activity in piglet small intestine.

Gut ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
T L Mynott ◽  
R K Luke ◽  
D S Chandler
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Receptor Activity ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli

scholarly journals Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli degrades the host MUC2 mucin barrier to facilitate critical pathogen-enterocyte interactions in human small intestine.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaullah Sheikh ◽  
Tamding Wangdi ◽  
Tim J Vickers ◽  
Bailey Aaron ◽  
Margot Perrin Palmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Symptomatic Infection ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Diarrheal Illness ◽  
Human Small Intestine ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Basic Sanitation ◽  
Epidemiology Studies

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) are a genetically diverse pathologic variant of E. coli defined by the production of heat-labile (LT) and/or heat-stable (ST) toxins. ETEC are estimated to cause hundreds of millions of cases of diarrheal illness annually. However, it is not clear that all strains are equally equipped to cause disease and asymptomatic colonization with ETEC is common in low-middle income regions lacking basic sanitation and clean water where ETEC are ubiquitous. Recent molecular epidemiology studies have revealed a significant association between strains which produce EatA, a secreted autotransporter protein, and the development of symptomatic infection. Here, we demonstrate that LT stimulates production of MUC2 mucin by goblet cells in human small intestine, enhancing the protective barrier between pathogens and enterocytes. In contrast, using explants of human small intestine as well as small intestinal enteroids, we show that EatA counters this host defense by engaging and degrading the MUC2 mucin barrier to promote bacterial access to target enterocytes and ultimately toxin delivery suggesting that EatA plays a crucial role in the molecular pathogenesis of ETEC. These findings may inform novel approaches to prevention of the acute diarrheal illness as well as the sequelae associated with ETEC and other pathogens that rely on EatA and similar proteases for efficient interaction with their human hosts.

scholarly journals Importance of Heat-Labile Enterotoxin in Colonization of the Adult Mouse Small Intestine by Human Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Strains

2006 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 869-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth P. Allen ◽  
Mildred M. Randolph ◽  
James M. Fleckenstein
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Colonization Factor ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Heat Labile ◽  
Colonization Factor Antigen I

ABSTRACT Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infections are a significant cause of diarrheal disease and infant mortality in developing countries. Studies of ETEC pathogenesis relevant to vaccine development have been greatly hampered by the lack of a suitable small-animal model of infection with human ETEC strains. Here, we demonstrate that adult immunocompetent outbred mice can be effectively colonized with the prototypical human ETEC H10407 strain (colonization factor antigen I; heat-labile and heat-stable enterotoxin positive) and that production of heat-labile holotoxin provides a significant advantage in colonization of the small intestine in this model.

scholarly journals A Strain of Enterococcus faecium (18C23) Inhibits Adhesion of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 to Porcine Small Intestine Mucus

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (10) ◽  
pp. 4200-4204 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Z. Jin ◽  
R. R. Marquardt ◽  
X. Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Culture Supernatant ◽  
Ph Effect ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Dependent Inhibition ◽  
Dose Dependent Inhibition ◽  
Dose Dependent

ABSTRACT Few studies, if any, have addressed the adhesion of enterococci to the intestinal mucosa and their interference with the adhesion of pathogens, although more than 60% of probiotic preparations in the market contain strains of enterococci. The objective of this study was to investigate if Enterococcus faecium 18C23 has the ability to inhibit the adhesion of Escherichia coli K88ac and K88MB to the small intestine mucus of piglets. Approximately 9% ofE. faecium 18C23 organisms adhered to the small intestine mucus, and the adhesion was found to be specific. Living E. faecium 18C23 culture efficiently inhibited the adhesion ofE. coli K88ac and K88MB to the piglet intestine mucus. Inhibition of the adhesion of E. coli K88ac to the small intestine mucus was found to be dose dependent. Inhibition of >90% was observed when 109 CFU or more of living E. faecium 18C23 culture per ml was added simultaneously withE. coli to immobilized mucus. The substances from both the 18C23 cells and the spent culture supernatant contributed to the inhibition of adhesion of E. coli K88 to the small intestine mucus receptors. The inhibiting effect was not solely a pH effect since considerable inhibitory action was demonstrated after neutralizing the mixture or spent culture supernatant to pH 7.0. Part of the inhibition of adhesion of E. coli K88ac by E. faecium 18C23 or its supernatant might occur through steric hindrance.

scholarly journals Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli degrades the host MUC2 mucin barrier to facilitate critical pathogen-enterocyte interactions in human small intestine.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaullah Sheikh ◽  
Tamding Wangdi ◽  
Tim J Vickers ◽  
Bailey Aaron ◽  
Margot Palmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Symptomatic Infection ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Diarrheal Illness ◽  
Human Small Intestine ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Basic Sanitation ◽  
Epidemiology Studies

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) are a genetically diverse pathologic variant of E. coli defined by the production of heat-labile (LT) and/or heat-stable (ST) toxins. ETEC are estimated to cause hundreds of millions of cases of diarrheal illness annually. However, it is not clear that all strains are equally equipped to cause disease and asymptomatic colonization with ETEC is common in low-middle income regions lacking basic sanitation and clean water where ETEC are ubiquitous. Recent molecular epidemiology studies have revealed a significant association between strains which produce EatA, a secreted autotransporter protein, and the development of symptomatic infection. Here, we demonstrate that LT stimulates production of MUC2 mucin by goblet cells in human small intestine, enhancing the protective barrier between pathogens and enterocytes. In contrast, using explants of human small intestine as well as small intestinal enteroids, we show that EatA counters this host defense by engaging and degrading the MUC2 mucin barrier to promote bacterial access to target enterocytes and ultimately toxin delivery suggesting that EatA plays a crucial role in the molecular pathogenesis of ETEC. These findings may inform novel approaches to prevention of the acute diarrheal illness as well as the sequelae associated with ETEC and other pathogens that rely on EatA and similar proteases for efficient interaction with their human hosts.

scholarly journals Small intestine lactobacilli growth promotion and immunomodulation in weaner pigs fed Cyberlindnera jadinii yeast high inclusion diet and exposed to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F4+: O149

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Iakhno ◽  
S.S. Hellestveit ◽  
Ö.C.O. Umu ◽  
L.T. Bogevik ◽  
C.P. Åkesson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Beta Glucans ◽  
Gut Immunity ◽  
Enteric Infections ◽  
History Of

1AbstractEnterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) F4+: O149 is a causative agent for the development of post-weaning diarrhoea (PWD) in pigs that contributes to production losses. Yeast cell wall components used as a feed additive can modulate gut immunity and help protect animals from enteric infections. This work investigated how a novel yeast diet with high inclusion of yeast proteins (40% of crude protein) affected the course of ETEC mediated diarrhoea in weaner piglets from a farm with or without a history of post-weaning diarrhoea. We found that immune response to F4ab ETEC infection and appetite of the animals were altered by high inclusion C. jadinii yeast. The results indicate that the novel diet can support the diseased animals either directly through the effect of yeast beta-glucans and mannans or indirectly through the promotion of small intestine lactobacilli or both.

scholarly journals Effect of processed and fermented soyabeans on net absorption in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-infected piglet small intestine

2006 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 1193-1198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeroen L. Kiers ◽  
M.J. Robert Nout ◽  
Frans M. Rombouts ◽  
Esther E. van Andel ◽  
Marius J.A. Nabuurs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Fluid Secretion ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Intestinal Segments ◽  
Solute Absorption ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Fluid Losses ◽  
Etec Infection

Infectious diarrhoea is a major problem in both children and piglets. Infection of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) results in fluid secretion and electrolyte losses in the small intestine. In the present study the effect of processed and fermented soyabean products on net absorption during ETEC infection was investigated. Soyabean was processed into an autoclaved, a cooked and a mould-fermented (tempeh) product. The soyabean products were pre-digested and the effect of the products on net absorption in the small intestineof piglets was studied. Pairs of small-intestinal segments, one non-infected and the other ETEC-infected, were perfused simultaneously with the different products during 8h. Net absorption of fluid, DM, Na, chloride, K and total solutes was determined. Net fluid absorption washighest for cooked soyabean followed by autoclaved soyabean and tempeh as a result of the osmolality of these products. In ETEC-infected segments, cooked soyabean and tempeh showed minor fluid losses (27 (se 23) and 43 (se 20) μl/cm2, respectively) compared with the saline control (260 (se 23) μl/cm2). Tempeh resulted in a high uptake of solutes. Processed soyabean products, particularly cooked soyabean and tempeh, are beneficial in maintaining fluid balance during ETEC infection. Additionally, tempeh showed high DM and total solute absorption. Therefore, particularly, tempeh may bebeneficial in the case of post-weaning diarrhoeain piglets and possibly in children as well.

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