Epstein-Barr virus DNA load in tumour tissues correlates with poor differentiation status in non-muscle invasive urothelial carcinomas

Abstract Epstein-Barr virus-associated early gastric carcinoma with lymphoid stroma (EBV-GCLS) is a rare variant of early gastric carcinomas. Clinicopathological features of this variant remain obscure, especially in Chinese patients. By a retrospective review of 595 consecutive radical gastrectomies for early gastric carcinoma from 2006 to 2018, we identified 8 (1.3%, 8/595) EBV-GCLS cases. Clinicopathologic characteristics were compared between EBV-GCLSs and 109 conventional early gastric carcinomas, which were divided into 3 subgroups, according to the invasion depth. All 8 EBV-GCLSs occurred in male patients and invaded deep submucosa (SM2) without lymph node metastasis (LNM), four (50%) of which had synchronous non-gastric malignant tumors (3 gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors and 1 primary clear cell renal cell carcinoma), and four (50%) arose in the proximal stomach. Compared to conventional early gastric carcinomas, EBV-GCLS was more frequent with SM2 invasion, poor differentiation, and synchronous non-gastric carcinoma tumor, but not in age, gender, macroscopic type, location, size, perineural invasion, lymphovascular invasion, and pathologic stage. In invasion-depth stratified comparisons with the SM2 subgroup, the frequency of LNM in EBV-GCLS was significantly lower than that of conventional early gastric carcinomas ( p < 0.05) and the 5-year survival rate of patients with EBV-GCLS was better than that of conventional early gastric carcinomas in 3 subgroups (100% vs 91.5%, 85.7%, 83.9%, respectively), although the differences did not reach a statistically significant level due to the small sample size. In conclusion, Even with poor differentiation and SM2 invasion, EBV-GCLS showed very low risk of LNM and may be a candidate for endoscopic therapy.

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Can Epstein–Barr virus play a role in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinomas?

Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England ◽

10.1308/rcsann.2020.0138 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 102 (8) ◽

pp. 616-620

Author(s):

Y Dere ◽

S Ekmekçi ◽

İ Akarken ◽

Ü Küçük

Keyword(s):

Prognostic Factors ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Epstein Barr Virus ◽

Demographic Data ◽

In Situ Hybridisation ◽

Upper Urinary Tract ◽

Barr Virus ◽

Urothelial Carcinomas ◽

Rare Tumours ◽

Epstein Barr

Introduction Upper urinary tract urothelial carcinomas are very rare tumours with different biological behaviours. The Epstein–Barr virus, which is the first known oncogenic virus, is being investigated for various malignant tumours. It is known that this virus is associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, as well as multiple haematological malignancies, head and neck and gastric cancers. We aimed to determine the presence of the Epstein–Barr virus in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinomas using chromogenic in situ hybridisation (CISH). Materials and methods A total of 44 upper urinary tract urothelial carcinomas from two different centres were included. Demographic data and survival rates were obtained from hospital records. One demonstrative paraffin block from each case was stained using Epstein–Barr encoded RNA (EBER) with an automated CISH procedure. The positivity of EBER was statistically analysed for prognostic factors. Results Among all patients, 38 were male and 6 were female. The mean age of the patients was 65.93 years. At the time of the study, 15 patients had died and 29 were alive. EBER-CISH positivity was found in 13 patients. Four showed strong EBER-CISH expression and nine showed weak expression. EBER-CISH positivity was not statistically related to any of the prognostic factors or to overall survival. Discussion Although EBER-CISH positivity showed no significant relation with prognostic factors, it was observed in one-third of all cases. Therefore, we think that the Epstein–Barr virus may have a role in the pathogenesis of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinomas. This finding needs to be supported by larger studies.

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A Quantitative Ultrastructural Study of Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes Containing Parallel Tubular Arrays in Epstein-Barr Virus and Cytomegalo-Virus Mononucleosis

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100098769 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 39 ◽

pp. 454-455

Author(s):

C. M. Payne ◽

P. M. Tennican

Keyword(s):

Peripheral Blood ◽

Lymphocyte Count ◽

Epstein Barr Virus ◽

Absolute Lymphocyte Count ◽

Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽

Clinical State ◽

Barr Virus ◽

The Absolute ◽

Epstein Barr ◽

Tubular Arrays

In the normal peripheral circulation there exists a sub-population of lymphocytes which is ultrastructurally distinct. This lymphocyte is identified under the electron microscope by the presence of cytoplasmic microtubular-like inclusions called parallel tubular arrays (PTA) (Figure 1), and contains Fc-receptors for cytophilic antibody. In this study, lymphocytes containing PTA (PTA-lymphocytes) were quantitated from serial peripheral blood specimens obtained from two patients with Epstein -Barr Virus mononucleosis and two patients with cytomegalovirus mononucleosis. This data was then correlated with the clinical state of the patient.It was determined that both the percentage and absolute number of PTA- lymphocytes was highest during the acute phase of the illness. In follow-up specimens, three of the four patients' absolute lymphocyte count fell to within normal limits before the absolute PTA-lymphocyte count.In one patient who was followed for almost a year, the absolute PTA- lymphocyte count was consistently elevated (Figure 2). The estimation of absolute PTA-lymphocyte counts was determined to be valid after a morphometric analysis of the cellular areas occupied by PTA during the acute and convalescent phases of the disease revealed no statistical differences.

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Studies of Epstein-Barr Virus Antigens Using Immunoperoxidase and Immunofluorescence Techniques

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010011533x ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 33 ◽

pp. 342-343

Author(s):

R. Stephens ◽

K. Traul ◽

D. Woolf ◽

P. Gaudreau

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽

Epstein Barr Virus ◽

Barr Virus ◽

If Technique ◽

Infected Cells ◽

Virus Antigens ◽

Epstein Barr ◽

Virus Capsid Antigen ◽

Antigen Reactivity

A number of antigens have been found associated with persistent EBV infections of lymphoblastoid cells. Identification and localization of these antigens were principally by immunofluorescence (IF) techniques using sera from patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), Burkitt lymphoma (BL), and infectious mononucleosis (IM). Our study was mainly with three of the EBV related antigens, a) virus capsid antigen (VCA), b) membrane antigen (MA), and c) early antigens (EA) using immunoperoxidase (IP) techniques with electron microscopy (EM) to elucidate the sites of reactivity with EBV and EBV infected cells.Prior to labeling with horseradish peroxidase (HRP), sera from NPC, IM, and BL cases were characterized for various reactivities by the indirect IF technique. Modifications of the direct IP procedure described by Shabo and the indirect IP procedure of Leduc were made to enhance penetration of the cells and preservation of antigen reactivity.

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