Parental age at delivery, birth order, birth weight and gestational age are associated with the risk of childhood Type 1 diabetes: a UK regional retrospective cohort study

Abstract Background Racial disparities in adverse perinatal outcomes have been studied in other countries, but little has been done for the Canadian population. In this study, we sought to examine the disparities in adverse perinatal outcomes between Asians and Caucasians in Ontario, Canada. Methods We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study that included all Asian and Caucasian women who attended a prenatal screening and resulted in a singleton birth in an Ontario hospital (April 1st, 2015-March 31st, 2017). Generalized estimating equation models were used to estimate the independent adjusted relative risks and adjusted risk difference of adverse perinatal outcomes for Asians compared with Caucasians. Results Among 237,293 eligible women, 31% were Asian and 69% were Caucasian. Asians were at an increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus, placental previa, early preterm birth (< 32 weeks), preterm birth, emergency cesarean section, 3rd and 4th degree perineal tears, low birth weight (< 2500 g, < 1500 g), small-for-gestational-age (<10th percentile, <3rd percentile), neonatal intensive care unit admission, and hyperbilirubinemia requiring treatment, but had lower risks of preeclampsia, macrosomia (birth weight > 4000 g), large-for-gestational-age neonates, 5-min Apgar score < 7, and arterial cord pH ≤7.1, as compared with Caucasians. No difference in risk of elective cesarean section was observed between Asians and Caucasians. Conclusion There are significant differences in several adverse perinatal outcomes between Asians and Caucasians. These differences should be taken into consideration for clinical practices due to the large Asian population in Canada.

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Differences in insulin sensitivity in the partial remission phase of childhood type 1 diabetes; a longitudinal cohort study

Diabetic Medicine ◽

10.1111/dme.14702 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Freja C. B. Mørk ◽

Jens Otto B. Madsen ◽

Andreas K. Jensen ◽

Gerrit V. Hall ◽

Kasper A. Pilgaard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Partial Remission ◽

Longitudinal Cohort Study ◽

Longitudinal Cohort ◽

Remission Phase ◽

Childhood Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Childhood Type

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Socio‐economic status and mortality in people with type 1 diabetes in Scotland 2006–2015: a retrospective cohort study

Diabetic Medicine ◽

10.1111/dme.14239 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 37 (12) ◽

pp. 2081-2088 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

R. A. S. Campbell ◽

H. M. Colhoun ◽

B. Kennon ◽

R. J. McCrimmon ◽

N. Sattar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Retrospective Cohort Study ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Economic Status ◽

Socio Economic Status

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Large Retrospective Cohort Study of the Association Between Maternal 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Status and Birth Weight of Neonate

10.21203/rs.3.rs-39247/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Li Yu ◽

Hai-Jin Ke ◽

Di Che ◽

Yong Guo ◽

Jie-Ling Wu

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Retrospective Cohort Study ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Maternal Vitamin ◽

Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

25 Hydroxyvitamin D

Abstract Background: The effect of maternal vitamin D status on the birth weight of offspring is controversial as the results are inconsistent between different populations. This large retrospective cohort study aimed to assess the relationship between maternal vitamin D levels and birth weight of neonate. Methods: Serum samples were collected from 10,586 Chinese women in the 2 nd trimester of pregnancy, and the 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level of the participants was assessed. Using the INTERGROWTH-21st standards, the offsprings were classified into three groups based on their gestational age and birth weight, which were as follows: small for gestational age (SGA), appropriate for gestational age (AGA), and large for gestational age (LGA). Results: The average maternal vitamin D concentration was 61.1 nmol/L. The 25(OH)D concentrations were <75.0, <50.0, and <25.0 nmol/L in 76.6%, 31.1%, and 1.6% of the participants, respectively. Approximately 6.4%, 86.4%, and 7.2% of women delivered SGA, AGA, and LGA infants, respectively. No significant differences were observed in vitamin D levels between the three groups (P = 0.562). With the increase in 25(OH)D levels, the risk of SGA and LGA tended to increase and decrease, respectively. However, the results were not precise. AGA was not affected by 25(OH)D levels. The results of the curve fitting and threshold effect analyses did not support the correlation between vitamin D levels and SGA or LGA. Based on the univariate prediction model and the model that adjusted for the risk factors, the area under the curve was extremely small. Thus, 25(OH)D level is not an effective predictor of SGA and LGA. Conclusions: Low maternal vitamin D levels were not associated with SGA or LGA.

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Incidence of Symptomatic Submucous Cleft Palate in the Netherlands: A Retrospective Cohort Study Over a Period of 22 Years

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal ◽

10.1177/1055665620977760 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 105566562097776

Author(s):

Johannes A. Smit ◽

Puck P. Mulder ◽

Feike de Graaf ◽

Bernadette S. de Bakker ◽

Corstiaan C. Breugem

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Cleft Palate ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Retrospective Cohort Study ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

National Database ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Anatomical Landmarks ◽

Submucous Cleft Palate

Objective: To analyze the incidence of submucous cleft palate (SMCP) in a large national database and raise awareness among referring providers: pediatricians, speech pathologists, and dentists to minimize delay in diagnosis. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Tertiary setting. Patients: Patients were extracted from the “Dutch Association for Cleft and Craniofacial Anomalies” database. A total of 6916 patients were included from 1997 until 2018 and divided into 2 groups (ie, SMCP versus cleft palate [CP]). Patients born before 1997 and adopted patients were excluded. Interventions: Clefts were classified as either hard of soft palatal involvement based on anatomical landmarks at first consultation. Main Outcome Measures: Primary outcomes were the patient characteristics in both groups (ie, gender, birth weight, gestational age, and additional anomalies). Secondary outcome was the time of diagnosis among subgroups. Results: In total, 532 patients were diagnosed with SMCP (7.7%). Birth weight, gestational age, and additional anomalies did not differ between subgroups, but there were more males in the SMCP group ( P < .001). The median age of diagnosis of the SMCP group was significantly higher than of the CP group (987 vs 27 days; P < .001). Over the course of 22 years, the time of diagnosis for SMCP did not decrease. Conclusion: Submucous cleft palate represents <10% of the Dutch cleft population and 19.4% of all CP. Time of diagnosis for SMCP is significantly longer when compared with time of diagnosis of CP, and this has not changed over the study period of 22 years.

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