Self-Construal Priming Modulates Neural Substrates of Self-Awareness

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 861-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Sui ◽  
Shihui Han
Keyword(s):  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Head Orientation ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Self Construal ◽  
Human Adults ◽  
Frontal Activity ◽  
Construal Priming ◽  
The Right

We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to assess whether self-construal priming can change adults' self-awareness induced during face perception. After reading essays containing independent or interdependent pronouns (e.g., I or we), participants were scanned while judging the head orientation of images showing their own and familiar faces. Neural activity in the right middle frontal cortex was greater when participants viewed their own rather than familiar faces, and this difference was larger after independent than after interdependent self-construal priming. The increased right frontal activity for participants' own faces relative to familiar faces was associated with faster responses. Our findings suggest that the neural correlates of self-awareness associated with recognition of one's own face can be modulated by self-construal priming in human adults.

Neural Correlates of Mental State Decoding in Human Adults: An Event-related Potential Study

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Sabbagh ◽  
Margaret C. Moulson ◽  
Kate L. Harkness
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Core Theory ◽  
Human Adults ◽  
The Right

Successful negotiation of human social interactions rests on having a theory of mind—an understanding of how others' behaviors can be understood in terms of internal mental states, such as beliefs, desires, intentions, and emotions. A core theory-of-mind skill is the ability to decode others' mental states on the basis of observable information, such as facial expressions. Although several recent studies have focused on the neural correlates of reasoning about mental states, no research has addressed the question of what neural systems underlie mental state decoding. We used dense-array eventrelated potentials (ERP) to show that decoding mental states from pictures of eyes is associated with an N270–400 component over inferior frontal and anterior temporal regions of the right hemisphere. Source estimation procedures suggest that orbitofrontal and medial temporal regions may underlie this ERP effect. These findings suggest that different components of everyday theory-of-mind skills may rely on dissociable neural mechanisms.

scholarly journals Neural Correlates of Self-Construal Priming in the Ultimatum Game

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nic Flinkenflogel ◽  
Tuong-Van Vu ◽  
Marlieke T. R. van Kesteren ◽  
Lydia Krabbendam
Keyword(s):  
Ultimatum Game ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Self Construal ◽  
Construal Priming

The narcissistic self and its psychological and neural correlates: an exploratory fMRI study

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 1641-1650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Fan ◽  
C. Wonneberger ◽  
B. Enzi ◽  
M. de Greck ◽  
C. Ulrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Anterior Insula ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Neuroimaging Data ◽  
Neural Underpinnings ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Time

BackgroundThe concept of narcissism has been much researched in psychoanalysis and especially in self psychology. One of the hallmarks of narcissism is altered emotion, including decreased affective resonance (e.g. empathy) with others, the neural underpinnings of which remain unclear. The aim of our exploratory study was to investigate the psychological and neural correlates of empathy in two groups of healthy subjects with high and low narcissistic personality trait. We hypothesized that high narcissistic subjects would show a differential activity pattern in regions such as the anterior insula that are typically associated with empathy.MethodA sample of 34 non-clinical subjects was divided into high (n=11) and low (n=11) narcissistic groups according to the 66th and 33rd percentiles of their scores on the Narcissism Inventory (NI). Combining the psychological, behavioral and neuronal [i.e. functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)] measurements of empathy, we compared the high and low narcissistic groups of subjects.ResultsHigh narcissistic subjects showed higher scores on the Symptom Checklist-90 – Revised (SCL-90-R) and the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) when compared to low narcissistic subjects. High narcissistic subjects also showed significantly decreased deactivation during empathy, especially in the right anterior insula.ConclusionsPsychological and neuroimaging data indicate respectively higher degrees of alexithymia and lower deactivation during empathy in the insula in high narcissistic subjects. Taken together, our preliminary findings demonstrate, for the first time, psychological and neuronal correlates of narcissism in non-clinical subjects. This might stipulate both novel psychodynamic conceptualization and future psychological–neuronal investigation of narcissism.

scholarly journals Neural correlates of syntax production in schizophrenia

2005 ◽  
Vol 186 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tilo T. J. Kircher ◽  
Tomasina M. Oh ◽  
Michael J. Brammer ◽  
Philip K. McGuire
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Posterior Portion ◽  
Middle Temporal ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
The Right ◽  
Superior Frontal Cortex

BackgroundThe production of grammatically complex sentences is impaired in schizophrenia. It has been suggested that impaired syntax processing reflects a risk for the disorder.AimsTo examine the neural correlates of syntax production in people with schizophrenia using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).MethodSix patients with schizophrenia and six healthy volunteers spoke about seven Rorschach inkblots for 3 min each while correlates of brain activation were measured with fMRI. Participants produced varying amounts of syntactically simple and complex sentences during each 3 min run. The number of simple and complex sentences was correlated separately with the BOLD contrast.ResultsIn the comparison between the control group and the patient group, the number of complex sentences produced was correlated with activation in the posterior portion of the right middle temporal (Brodmann area 21) and left superior frontal (BA 10) gyri in the control group but not in the patients.ConclusionsThe absence of activation in the right posterior temporal and left superior frontal cortex in patients with schizophrenia might contribute to the articulation of grammatically more simple speech in people with this disorder.

scholarly journals Perceptual and Semantic Components of Memory for Objects and Faces: A PET Study

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 430-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon S. Simons ◽  
Kim S. Graham ◽  
Adrian M. Owen ◽  
Karalyn Patterson ◽  
John R. Hodges
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Semantic Knowledge ◽  
Inferior Temporal Cortex ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Blood Flow Increase ◽  
The Right

Previous studies have suggested differences in the neural substrates of recognition memory when the contributions of perceptual and semantic information are manipulated. In a within-subjects design PET study, we investigated the neural correlates of the following factors: material type (objects or faces), semantic knowledge (familiar or unfamiliar items), and perceptual similarity at study and test (identical or different pictures). There was consistent material-specific lateralization in frontal and temporal lobe regions when the retrieval of different types of nonverbal stimuli was compared, with objects activating bilateral areas and faces preferentially activating the right hemisphere. Retrieval of memories for nameable, familiar items was associated with increased activation in the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, while memory for unfamiliar items involved occipital regions. Recognition memory for different pictures of the same item at study and test produced blood flow increase in left inferior temporal cortex. These results have implications for our understanding of the neural correlates of perceptual and semantic contributions to recognition memory.

scholarly journals The Neurological Asymmetry of Self-Face Recognition

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1135
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Janowska ◽  
Brianna Balugas ◽  
Matthew Pardillo ◽  
Victoria Mistretta ◽  
Katherine Chavarria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Direct Inhibition ◽  
Hemisphere Dominance

While the desire to uncover the neural correlates of consciousness has taken numerous directions, self-face recognition has been a constant in attempts to isolate aspects of self-awareness. The neuroimaging revolution of the 1990s brought about systematic attempts to isolate the underlying neural basis of self-face recognition. These studies, including some of the first fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) examinations, revealed a right-hemisphere bias for self-face recognition in a diverse set of regions including the insula, the dorsal frontal lobe, the temporal parietal junction, and the medial temporal cortex. In this systematic review, we provide confirmation of these data (which are correlational) which were provided by TMS (transcranial magnetic stimulation) and patients in which direct inhibition or ablation of right-hemisphere regions leads to a disruption or absence of self-face recognition. These data are consistent with a number of theories including a right-hemisphere dominance for self-awareness and/or a right-hemisphere specialization for identifying significant social relationships, including to oneself.

scholarly journals Neural correlates of tactile simultaneity judgement: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Kimura ◽  
Hiroshi Kadota ◽  
Tsuyoshi Kuroda ◽  
Tomomi D. Funai ◽  
Makoto Iwata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Statistical Criterion ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
The Right

AbstractSimultaneity judgement (SJ) is a temporal discrimination task in which the targets span an ultimately short time range (zero or not). Psychophysical studies suggest that SJ is adequate to probe the perceptual components of human time processing in pure form. Thus far, time-relevant neural correlates for tactile SJ are unclear. We performed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the neural correlates of tactile SJ using tactile number judgement as a time-irrelevant control task. As our main result, we demonstrated that the right inferior parietal lobule (IPL) is an SJ-specific region. The right IPL was detected by both parametric and non-parametric statistical analyses, and its activation intensity fulfilled a strict statistical criterion. In addition, we observed that some left-dominant regions (e.g., the striatum) were specifically activated by successive stimuli during SJ. Meanwhile, no region was specifically activated by simultaneous stimuli during SJ. Accordingly, we infer that the neural process for tactile SJ is as follows: the striatum estimates the time interval between tactile stimuli; based on this interval, the right IPL discriminates the successiveness or simultaneity of the stimuli. Moreover, taking detailed behavioural results into account, we further discuss possible concurrent or alternative mechanisms that can explain the fMRI results.

scholarly journals The Neural Correlates of Mental Rotation Abilities in Cannabis-Abusing Patients with Schizophrenia: An fMRI Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphane Potvin ◽  
Josiane Bourque ◽  
Myriam Durand ◽  
Olivier Lipp ◽  
Pierre Lalonde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Mental Rotation Task ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Supramarginal Gyrus ◽  
Cannabis Abuse ◽  
Visuospatial Abilities ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Left Thalamus ◽  
The Right

Growing evidence suggests that cannabis abuse/dependence is paradoxically associated with better cognition in schizophrenia. Accordingly, we performed a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study of visuospatial abilities in 14 schizophrenia patients with cannabis abuse (DD), 14 nonabusing schizophrenia patients (SCZ), and 21 healthy controls (HCs). Participants performed a mental rotation task while being scanned. There were no significant differences in the number of mistakes between schizophrenia groups, and both made more mistakes on the mental rotation task than HC. Relative to HC, SCZ had increased activations in the left thalamus, while DD patients had increased activations in the right supramarginal gyrus. In both cases, hyper-activations are likely to reflect compensatory efforts. In addition, SCZ patients had decreased activations in the left superior parietal gyrus compared to both HC and DD patients. This latter result tentatively suggests that the neurophysiologic processes underlying visuospatial abilities are partially preserved in DD, relative to SCZ patients, consistently with the findings showing that cannabis abuse in schizophrenia is associated with better cognitive functioning. Further fMRI studies are required to examine the neural correlates of other cognitive dysfunctions in schizophrenia patients with and without comorbid cannabis use disorder.

When Time Shapes Behavior: fMRI Evidence of Brain Correlates of Temporal Monitoring

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1116-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonino Vallesi ◽  
Anthony R. McIntosh ◽  
Tim Shallice ◽  
Donald T. Stuss
Keyword(s):  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Monitoring Process ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Brain Correlates ◽  
The Right ◽  
Variable Versus

Time processing may shape behavior in several ways, although the underlying neural correlates are still poorly understood. When preparatory intervals between stimuli vary randomly in a block, for instance, responses are faster as the interval gets longer. This effect, known as variable foreperiod (FP) effect, has been attributed to a process monitoring the conditional probability of stimulus occurrence as the interval increases. Previous evidence points to the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) as a possible node for this time-monitoring process. The present study addresses this hypothesis with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Block-design fMRI was used on 14 young participants while they performed a visual discrimination task with fixed and variable preparatory intervals (FPs) of 1 and 3 sec. In the variable versus fixed FP contrast, the right DLPFC and a visual area were more activated in the subgroup of participants who showed a reliable variable FP effect than in another subgroup who did not show that effect. Only the activation in the right DLPFC was supported by a significant interaction between FP condition (variable vs. fixed) and group. This finding may reflect possible differences in the strategy adopted by the two subgroups of participants while performing the task. Although results suggest that many brain areas may be involved in preparation over time, the role of the right DLPFC is critical to observe the strategically mediated behavioral effects in the variable FP paradigm.

scholarly journals Functional and Pathological Correlates of Judgments of Learning in Cognitively Unimpaired Older Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 1974-1983
Author(s):  
Federico d’Oleire Uquillas ◽  
Heidi I L Jacobs ◽  
Aaron P Schultz ◽  
Bernard J Hanseeuw ◽  
Rachel F Buckley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Judgments Of Learning ◽  
Aging Brain ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Tau Pathology ◽  
Brain Study

Abstract Judgments of learning (JOL) pertain to introspective metamemory processes evaluating how well information is learned. Using a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) task, we investigated the neural substrates of JOL predictions in a group of 105 cognitively unimpaired older adults from the Harvard Aging Brain Study. Associations of JOL performance and its neural correlates with amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau pathology, two proteinopathies associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and aging, were also examined. We found that trials judged as learned well relative to trials judged as learned less well (high JOL > low JOL) engaged the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and precuneus, among other midline regions, in addition to bilateral hippocampi. In this cohort of older adults, greater levels of entorhinal tau deposition were associated with overestimation of memory performance and with lower fMRI signal in midline regions during predicted memory success. No associations with Aβ were found. The findings suggest that tau pathology in unimpaired older adults may play a role in altered metamemory processes. We discuss our findings in light of the hypothesis that JOLs are partially dependent on a process involving attempts to retrieve a correct answer from memory, as well as implications for clinical research investigating unawareness of memory performance (i.e., anosognosia) in patients with AD dementia.

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