The International Debate on the Punishment of War Crimes During the Balkan Wars and the First World War

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Marc Segesser
Keyword(s):  
War Crimes ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
International Debate ◽  
Balkan Wars ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World

THE RUSSIAN CONSUL IN DAMASCUS PRINCE BORIS N. SHAKHOVSKOY’S ROLE IN INTERFAITH PEACE ON THE EVE OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR

2020 ◽  
pp. 162-178
Author(s):  
Aleksei V. Sarabiev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Interfaith Relations ◽  
Balkan Wars ◽  
Sharia Law ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Common ◽  
Foreign Ministry ◽  
First World

Prince Boris N. Shakhovskoy (1870–1926), the Russian consul in Damascus from 1907 until the First World War, left to his descendants a legacy of attentive and balanced diplomacy. His reports to the Russian Embassy in Constantinople and to the 1st Division of the Foreign Ministry contain invaluable information shedding light on interfaith relations in the Syrian regions of the Ottoman Empire on the eve and after of the Young Turk Revolution, as well as on the early months of the so-called Great War (WWI). The article analyzes the messages of the diplomat on various aspects of the religious situation in the region. He considered the activities of the Islamist organization Muslim League in Damascus, which aimed at enforcing Sharia law throughout Syrian society and countering non-Muslim and European influence in the region. An anxious change in interfaith relations is being evaluated, when Muslim suspicion towards Christians grew, aggravated by the common conscription in the context of the Tripolitan and two Balkan wars. The consul attentively followed the problems of the participation of the Orthodox Arabs in the Ottoman institutions, as well as the attempts to join the English Old-Catholics to Orthodoxy, acting through Metropolitan of Beirut. Of historical interest is also the information about the transition of the Syrian Jacobites to Catholicism, as well as notes on the Catholic missions activities in the region. All these issues in the Syrian soil are viewed by the diplomat through the prism of competition between European powers, especially France and Italy.

scholarly journals The new territories of Serbia after the Balkan Wars of 1912-1913 the establishment of the first local authorities

Balcanica ◽  
2013 ◽  
pp. 285-306
Author(s):  
Miroslav Svircevic
Keyword(s):  
Police Department ◽  
First World War ◽  
State Council ◽  
World War ◽  
Royal Decree ◽  
Constitutional Order ◽  
Balkan Wars ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Military ◽  
First World

In the Balkan Wars of 1912-13, the Kingdom of Serbia wrested Old Serbia and Macedonia from Ottoman rule. The process of instituting the constitutional order and local government institutions in the liberated and annexed areas was phased: (1) the building of provisional administration on the instructions of government inspectors and the head of the Military Police Department; (2) implementation of the Decree on the Organization of the Liberated Areas of 14 December 1912; and (3) implementation of the Decree on the Organization of the Liberated Areas of 21 August 1913. Finally, under a special royal decree issued in 1913, implementation began of some sections of the Constitution of the Kingdom of Serbia. In late December 1913, the interior minister, Stojan M. Protic, submitted the bill on the Annexation of Old Serbia to the Kingdom of Serbia and its Administration to the Assembly along with the opinion of the State Council. The bill had, however, not been put to the vote by the time the First World War broke out, and the issue lost priority to the new wartime situation until the end of the war.

scholarly journals Bulgarian crimes against civilians in occupied Serbia during the First World War

Balcanica ◽  
2013 ◽  
pp. 357-390
Author(s):  
Milovan Pisarri
Keyword(s):  
War Crimes ◽  
First World War ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
World War ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Great War ◽  
First World

Since sufferings of civilian populations during the First World War in Europe, especially war crimes perpetrated against civilians, have - unlike the political and military history of the Great War - only recently become an object of scholarly interest, there still are considerable gaps in our knowledge, the Balkans being a salient example. Therefore, suggesting a methodology that involves a comparative approach, the use of all available sources, cooperation among scholars from different countries and attention to the historical background, the paper seeks to open some questions and start filling lacunae in our knowledge of the war crimes perpetrated against Serb civilians as part of the policy of Bulgarization in the portions of Serbia under Bulgarian military occupation.

Von U-Booten, Kriegsreportern und dem Fall des Hauses Romanov

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Bohn
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Digital Multimedia ◽  
Balkan Wars ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Complex Source ◽  
Finding Aids ◽  
Media Types ◽  
Mass Digitization ◽  
First World

AbstractThe mass digitization of finding aids and original documents from the First World War presents a challenge in developing digital multimedia scholarly editions. Different source categories and media types such as film documents, written records, images and sound can thus be linked, annotated and contextualized. This is illustrated by describing the complex source transmission of three historical events: the submarine warfare in the Mediterranean in 1917, the murder of the Romanov family by the Bolshevik revolutionaries and the cross-border activities and professional life of the Russian born war reporter Samson Chernov (1887-1929) during the Balkan Wars and the First World War.

scholarly journals Dr Avram Jozef Vinaver (1862-1915): Pioneer of radiology in Serbia

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 205-210
Author(s):  
Rade Babic ◽  
Gordana Stankovic-Babic
Keyword(s):  
Medical Officer ◽  
First World War ◽  
X Rays ◽  
World War ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Balkan Wars ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Artesian Wells ◽  
First World ◽  
Diagnostic Importance

Introduction. Dr Abraham Joseph Vinaver (1862-1915), a Jew from Poland, was a pioneer of radiology in Serbia. He graduated from the Faculty of Medicine in Warsaw (1887), but lived and worked in Sabac (the Kingdom of Serbia) since 1890. Dr Abraham Joseph Vinarev - Career Development. He procured the first X-ray machine and developed radiological service in Sabac five years after the discovery of X-rays. These were the beginnings of radiology in Serbia. He introduced the application of artesian wells. Dr Abraham Joseph Vinarev - a Participant at the First Congress of Serbian Physicians and Naturalists, Belgrade 1904. ?The diagnostic importance of X-rays in lung disease, especially in initial tuberculosis? and ?Five Years of Treatment by X-Ray Machines? were the first works in the field of radiology in Serbia by this author. Dr Abraham Joseph Vinaver - Reserve Medical Officer in the Serbian Army. During the Balkan Wars, he was a volunteer with the rank of major engaged in military corps and he participated in the First World War as well. He died of malaria in 1915 in Gevgelija. ?Dr Avram Vinaver?- Stanislav Vinarev. His dedication to work during the typhus epidemics was put into verses of a poem by his son Stanislav Vinarev. Conclusion. Dr Avram Vinaver Joseph was a noble man with a great heart, who selflessly sacrificed himself for the Serbian people and Serbia. He gave his contribution to the development of health services in Serbia, both in peacetime and wartime conditions. Dr Abraham Joseph Vinaver laid the foundations for today?s radiology in Serbia.

scholarly journals A ten years’ war aspects of the Greek historiography on the First World War

Balcanica ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 171-181
Author(s):  
Iakovos Michailidis
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
World War ◽  
Balkan Wars ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Greek Historiography ◽  
First World

This article tries to provide an evaluation of the Greek historiography on the First World War (WWI) and to illustrate its various research stages and trends. It is argued that the Greek historiography mainly approaches WWI and Greece?s involvement not as an international, but as a domestic phenomenon. Greek involvement in WWI has been looked at through the lens of the Asia Minor Catastrophe in 1922, an episode of the ten-year war of the Greek army starting with the triumphant Balkan Wars and ending with the defeat in the Asia Minor Campaign in 1922.

The refugee question in Bulgaria before, during and after the First World War

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolai Vukov
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
The Political ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
World War ◽  
Balkan Wars ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First World

This chapter focuses on the circumstances of displacement, the reception and settlement of refugees, and the state’s attempts to address the political, economic and social shock of accepting thousands of refugees from the lost territories. It outlines the centrality of the refugee issue to the development of the modern Bulgarian state particularly after the Balkan wars. The chapter focuses on three main episodes: before 1912, when a quarter of a million refugees already fled to Bulgaria whose population was around 4.5 million in 1912; between 1913 and 1918, when 120,000 refugees settled in the country; and in the years 1919-25 during which time Bulgaria witnessed the influx of an additional 180,000 refugees. Some consideration is given to prevailing social and economic conditions, such as the impact of refugees on urban and rural life in Bulgaria, and to the role of refugee relief organisations. Attention is also devoted to the international repercussions of the refugee crisis.

Origins

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-27
Author(s):  
Dmitar Tasić
Keyword(s):  
State Building ◽  
First World War ◽  
Guerrilla Warfare ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
World War ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Balkan Wars ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World

Chapter I presents the story of origins of modern Balkan paramilitaries which was shaped during the late 19th—early 20th century nation and state building processes in the Balkans. Existing traditions of guerrilla warfare were used during the struggle between Greece, Bulgaria and Serbia over Ottoman Macedonia when all three countries initiated sending of small armed bands to Macedonia in order to protect their own and intimidate rivals followers. It also describes appearance of Albanian national movement and how Balkan countries used their respective paramilitaries during the Balkan Wars 1912-1913 and the First World War. It also shows how during the Toplica uprising in 1917 against Bulgarian and Austro-Hungarian occupation regimes in Serbia happened yet another bloody encounter of Serbian, Bulgarian and Albanian paramilitaries. Situation after the First World War was characterised by adjusting to new realities, by creation of new organizations and by arrival of non-Balkan actors—‘White’ Russians émigrés and former participants in Russian revolutions. Both groups brought their own experiences, visions and rivalries.

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