Changing the retirement age in the United States: A case study on research and social security policy-making

1987 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-247
Author(s):  
Jane L. Ross
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Social Security Policy

National Security Policy-Making and Cacophony of Voices in the Reagan Administration

1982 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-146
Author(s):  
P.M. Kamath
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
National Security ◽  
Reagan Administration ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
National Interest ◽  
The United States ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
National Security Policy

In the post-World War II period “national security” has become the most important concept commanding respect among policy-makers and demanding crippling-silence on the part of the national community. It is not necessary here to examine the reasons1, for this commandeering position given to the concept of national security, but in an objective sense, foreign affairs of any nation in the ultimate analysis is conducted to secure national security. In this sense national security essentially denotes a nation's determination to preserve at any cost some of its interests. Foremost are : territorial integrity, political independence and fundamental governmental institutions.2 In the contemporary world it is also a well established fact that the military, diplomatic and economic aspects of a nation's foreign affairs are inseperably interlinked with one another. While foreign policy aims at serving national interest through peaceful diplomatic means, military policy aims at preparedness to protect national interest in case foreign policy fails. The foreign policy of a nation has also to take into consideration economic states involved in a particular policy consideration. This is particularly true for a super power like the United States. Hence, in a sense, it is appropriate to term the combination of foreign and military policies of a nation as national security policy. Who makes national security policy in the United States? What are the special features of national security policy-making process? It is proposed to answer these questions in this paper with special reference to the Reagan Administration.

scholarly journals Social Security Policy in Response to the Pandemic COVID-19: A Case Study from Vietnam

2021 ◽  
pp. 193672442110269
Author(s):  
Le Hoang Viet Lam
Keyword(s):  
Health Service ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Social Consensus ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
Social Security Policy ◽  
Level Resistance

On the international scale of measurement, Vietnam stands out as a country that has successfully accomplished the objectives of minimizing the spread of COVID-19. These objectives have been achieved through several factors, including the Government’s commitment, excellent success of the health service, and the “wholeheartedness” of the armed forces, especially the social consensus, which is clearly reflected in the decisions and policies made. Among those crucial decisions, the stable social security system has been the key priority of the government of Vietnam because it provides a strong foundation for the disadvantaged, who are not expected to overcome the pandemic based on their low-level “resistance.” The article aims at illustrating Vietnam’s social security interventions and strategies when faced the global COVID-19 pandemic and it also draws some experience that need to be referenced in implementing Social Security Society witnessed from Vietnamese reality.

scholarly journals Local control in the era of accountability: A case study of Wisconsin preK

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Elizabeth Graue ◽  
Bethany Wilinski ◽  
Amato Nocera
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Local Control ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Rational Models ◽  
Accountability Movement ◽  
Teachers And Students

The opposing principles of local control and increased standardization are a prominent tension in the United States’ education system. Since at least the early 1990s, this tension has taken shape around the accountability movement, defined by educational reforms that hold schools, teachers, and students accountable for performance on new standards, assessments, and curricula. While many scholars have examined the manifestations of the current accountability movement, few have looked at this phenomenon within the growing public preK movement. Drawing from interviews with state policymakers and district-level actors, this paper describes how the seemingly contradictory principles of local control and increased state and national standards (what we refer to simply as standardization) are shaping the policy and practice of Wisconsin’s preK system, known as 4K. We argue that rational models of policy making fail to explain the coexistence and blending of the strands of local control and standardization we found in our data, and suggest that Deborah Stone’s (2001) policy paradox provides a better theoretical framework for our findings.

When public and private narratives diverge

2018 ◽  
pp. 286-298
Author(s):  
Rachel Grob ◽  
Mark Schlesinger
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Patient Experience ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
System Change ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
English Speaking

Individuals experience illness and healthcare in diverse ways. Advocates striving to create system change, however, typically simplify representations of patient experience. These ‘crafted’ public narratives better accord with journalists’ ideals of compelling, coherent, attention-grabbing stories. But condensing diverse experiences into univocal narratives has costs: some patients’ voices are silenced, and vital ethical issues are overlooked. This chapter uses a case study of advocacy around newborn screening (NBS) to explore the origins and implications of crafted public narratives. It traces the emergence of a single ‘urgency narrative’ used by advocates to promote expanded screening and compares its impact on media coverage and policy-making across the United States and among five English-speaking nations. It shows that crafted narratives are most influential in countries where NBS policies are set subnationally, since geographic variation both fosters advocates’ search for compelling narratives and makes those narratives more evocative, enhancing their impact on policy-making.

The Politics of Sustainable Development Environmental Policy Making in Four Brazilian States

1998 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Ames ◽  
Margaret E. Keck
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Technical Problem ◽  
The United States ◽  
Business Leaders ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Social Security Policy

The term sustainable development has become a catch phrase of the 1990s, a handy slogan for politicians, bureaucrats, environmental activists, multinational aid officials, and even business leaders. Implementing sustainable development policy, however, is no mere technical problem. Indeed, environmental policy making is classically political: a competition among multiple interests with differing goals, resources, tactics, information, and time horizons. Who “sustains” what, for whom, why, and how? These questions underpin any analysis of the politics of environmental policy.Scholars have paid little attention to the political side of environmental policy making in developing countries. Although environmental policy making is often understood as a case of “diffusion,” in which ideas flowed from Western Europe and the United States to the developing world, the acceptance of new ideas is always mediated by local institutions and cultures (Sikkink, 1991). Furthermore, as international linkages have come to involve more and more actors outside foreign ministries, the form of diffusion differs from classic examples like social security policy (Collier and Messick, 1975).

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