Some mechanisms involved in host recognition and attachment of the glochidium larva of Anodonta cygnea (Mollusca: Bivalvia)

2009 ◽  
Vol 173 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Host Recognition ◽  
Anodonta Cygnea

The distribution and density of ciliary tufts on the siphons of Anodonta cygnea (Mollusca: Bivalvia)

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 518-519
Author(s):  
Wen-lung Wu
Keyword(s):  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Internal Surface ◽  
Mechanical Stimuli ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Sensory Receptors ◽  
Anodonta Cygnea ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Inhalant Siphon ◽  
Type V

The mantle of bivalves has come entirely to enclose the laterally compressed body and the mantle margin has assumed a variety of functions, one of the pricipal ones being sensory. Ciliary tufts, which are probably sensory, have been reported from the mantle and siphons of several bivalves1∽4. Certain regions of the mantle margin are likely to be more or less, sensitive to certain stimuli than others. The inhalant siphon is likely to be particularly sensitive to both chemical and mechanical stimuli, whereas the exhalant siphon will be less sensitive to both. The distribution and density of putative sensory receptors on the in-and ex-halant siphon is compared in this paper.The excised siphons were fixed in glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide, the whole procedure of SEM study is recorded in Wu's thesis.Type II cilia cover the tips of tentacles, 6.13um. Type IV and type V cilia are found on the surface of tentacles. Type IV cilia are occasionally present at the tips of tentacles, 8 um long. They are the commonest type on the surface of tentacles. Type VI cilia occor in the internal surface of the inhalant siphon, but are not found on the surface of tentacles, 6.7-10um long.

scholarly journals T4-like Bacteriophages Isolated from Pig Stools Infect Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Yersinia pestis Using LPS and OmpF as Receptors

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 296
Author(s):  
Mabruka Salem ◽  
Maria I. Pajunen ◽  
Jin Woo Jun ◽  
Mikael Skurnik
Keyword(s):  
Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis ◽  
Host Recognition ◽  
Tail Fiber ◽  
Long Tail ◽  
Phage T4 ◽  
One Step ◽  
In Trans ◽  
Step Growth ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Salmonella Phage

The Yersinia bacteriophages fPS-2, fPS-65, and fPS-90, isolated from pig stools, have long contractile tails and elongated heads, and they belong to genus Tequatroviruses in the order Caudovirales. The phages exhibited relatively wide host ranges among Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and related species. One-step growth curve experiments revealed that the phages have latent periods of 50–80 min with burst sizes of 44–65 virions per infected cell. The phage genomes consist of circularly permuted dsDNA of 169,060, 167,058, and 167,132 bp in size, respectively, with a G + C content 35.3%. The number of predicted genes range from 267 to 271. The phage genomes are 84–92% identical to each other and ca 85% identical to phage T4. The phage receptors were identified by whole genome sequencing of spontaneous phage-resistant mutants. The phage-resistant strains had mutations in the ompF, galU, hldD, or hldE genes. OmpF is a porin, and the other genes encode lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthetic enzymes. The ompF, galU, and hldE mutants were successfully complemented in trans with respective wild-type genes. The host recognition was assigned to long tail fiber tip protein Gp38, analogous to that of T-even phages such as Salmonella phage S16, specifically to the distal β-helices connecting loops.

Identification of distinct haemocyte populations from the freshwater bivalves swan mussel (Anodonta cygnea) and duck mussel (Anodonta anatina) using wheat-germ agglutinin

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (12) ◽  
pp. 937-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hinzmann ◽  
M. Lopes-Lima ◽  
F. Cerca ◽  
A. Correia ◽  
J. Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Wheat Germ Agglutinin ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Transmission Microscopy ◽  
Anodonta Cygnea ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Lectin Staining ◽  
Surface Staining ◽  
Cytological Features ◽  
Freshwater Bivalves

Haemocytes play a major role in molluscs immunity. Functional studies are, however, impaired by limited available experimental tools to identify and sort distinct haemocyte populations. Therefore, using nonlethal methods, we aimed at evaluating whether lectin staining combined with flow cytometry could be used to distinguish circulating haemocyte populations from two freshwater bivalves of the family Unionidae, the duck mussel (Anodonta anatina (L., 1758)) and the swan mussel (Anodonta cygnea (L., 1758)). Based on classical classification, haemocytes were distinguished as granulocytes and hyalinocytes and cytological features were visualized using transmission microscopy and staining techniques. Size, granularity, viability, and surface staining using lectins as specific probes were analysed by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. The microscopic proportions of granulocytes and hyalinocytes significantly differed, being of 70% and 30% for A. cygnea and of 85% and 15% for A. anatina, respectively. Two haemocyte populations were sorted by flow cytometry based on size and granularity and confirmed as granulocytes and hyalinocytes. Interestingly, two different granulocyte populations could be further discriminated in A. cygnea according to their binding affinity to wheat-germ agglutinin (WGA), whereas granulocytes of A. anatina all stained similarly. Our results show that WGA labelling combined with flow cytometry can be used to better discriminate Anodonta haemocyte populations and obtain purified populations for functional studies.

Ultrasensitive detection by maxillary palp neurons allows non-host recognition without consumption of harmful allelochemicals

2021 ◽  
pp. 104263
Author(s):  
Fumika Shii ◽  
Dingze Mang ◽  
Mayu Kasubuchi ◽  
Kana Tsuneto ◽  
Tomoko Toyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maxillary Palp ◽  
Host Recognition ◽  
Ultrasensitive Detection

Agronomic, breeding, and biotechnological approaches to parasitic plant management through manipulation of germination stimulant levels in agricultural soils

Botany ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (12) ◽  
pp. 813-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fernández-Aparicio ◽  
J.H. Westwood ◽  
D. Rubiales
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Host Recognition ◽  
Plant Management ◽  
Parasitic Weed ◽  
Germination Stimulant ◽  
New Class ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Number Of Plant Species

A number of plant species have adapted to parasitize other plants, and some parasitic species pose severe constraints to major crops. The role of strigolactones and other metabolites present in host root exudates as germination stimulants for weedy root parasitic weed seeds has been known for the last 40 years. Recently, the ecological and developmental roles of strigolactones have been clarified by the discovery that they are a new class of plant hormone that controls shoot branching and serve as host recognition signals for mycorrhizal fungi. Parasitic plants also recognize these chemicals and use them to coordinate their life cycle with that of their host. Here we review agronomic practices that use parasitic germination stimulant production as a target for manipulation to control parasitic weeds.

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