The “Where” and “When” of Emotion Regulation Processes in the Brain

2010 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. S17-S17
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Functional connectivity changes with rapid remission from moderate-to-severe major depressive disorder

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoqian Xiao ◽  
Brandon S. Bentzley ◽  
Eleanor J. Cole ◽  
Claudia Tischler ◽  
Katy H. Stimpson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Disease Heterogeneity ◽  
Limited Effectiveness ◽  
Brain Changes ◽  
The Brain

AbstractMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is prevalent and debilitating, and development of improved treatments is limited by insufficient understanding of the neurological changes associated with disease remission. In turn, efforts to elucidate these changes have been challenging due to disease heterogeneity as well as limited effectiveness, delayed onset, and significant off-target effects of treatments. We developed a form of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (lDLPFC) that in an open-label study was associated with remission from MDD in 90% of individuals in 1-5 days (Stanford Accelerated Intelligent Neuromodulation Therapy, SAINT). This provides a tool to begin exploring the functional connectivity (FC) changes associated with MDD remission. Resting-state fMRI scans were performed before and after SAINT in 18 participants with moderate-to-severe, treatment-resistant MDD. FC was determined between regions of interest defined a priori by well-described roles in emotion regulation. Following SAINT, FC was significantly decreased between subgenual cingulate cortex (sgACC) and 3 of 4 default mode network (DMN) nodes. Significant reductions in FC were also observed between the following: DLPFC-striatum, DLPFC-amygdala, DMN-amygdala, DMN-striatum, and amygdala-striatum. Greater clinical improvements were correlated with larger decreases in FC between DLPFC-amygdala and DLPFC-insula, as well as smaller decreases in FC between sgACC-DMN. Greater clinical improvements were correlated with lower baseline FC between DMN-DLPFC, DMN-striatum, and DMN-ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. The multiple, significant reductions in FC we observed following SAINT and remission from depression support the hypothesis that MDD is a state of hyper-connectivity within these networks, and rapid decoupling of network nodes may lead to rapid remission from depression.Significance statementMajor depressive disorder is common and debilitating. It has been difficult to study the brain changes associated with recovery from depression, because treatments take weeks-to-months to become effective, and symptoms fail to resolve in many people. We recently developed a type of magnetic brain stimulation called SAINT. SAINT leads to full remission from depression in 90% of people within 5 days. We used SAINT and functional magnetic resonance imaging to determine how the brain changes with rapid remission from depression. We found changes in areas of the brain associated with emotion regulation. This provides a significantly clearer picture of how the non-depressed brain differs from the depressed brain, which can be used to develop rapid and effective treatments for depression.

The Neuroscience of Mindfulness: How Mindfulness Alters the Brain and Facilitates Emotion Regulation

Mindfulness ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1471-1487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan S. Wheeler ◽  
Diane B. Arnkoff ◽  
Carol R. Glass
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
The Brain

Author reply: Empathy and the Brain: How We Can Make Progress

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-23
Author(s):  
Henrik Walter
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Author Reply ◽  
The Brain

Neuroscientific research on empathy has made much progress recently. How far can we get and how should we do it? Two different routes have been suggested by Dziobek and Jacobs in their commentaries. The first is becoming ecologically more valid by using real-life settings as stimuli. The second is becoming more quantitative by specifying a neurocognitive model, allowing more precise quantitative predictions. Although neither approaches are mutually exclusive, I suggest that these two routes are in a certain tension to each other. I suggest an additional third, more indirect way, namely studying modulating factors of empathy like emotion regulation which have until now been largely neglected in empathy research.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Biological Model of Personality Based on Brain-Behavioral System Activity and Marital Satisfaction: The Mediating Role of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pegah Nasiri ◽  
◽  
Seyyedeh Fatemeh Mousavi ◽  
Javad Mollazadeh ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Marital Satisfaction ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Cognitive Emotion Regulation ◽  
System Activity ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Behavioral System ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
The Brain

Objectives The current investigation was done with the aim of studying the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation in the relation between brain-behavioral system activity and marital satisfaction of families living in Mahshar city. Methods 200 married people (106 female & 94 male) referring to two clinics of Petrochemical Industries of Mahshahr that were selected voluntarily. Research measurements were Gray-Wilson Personality Questionnaire (GWPQ), ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale (Persian-Brief), and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). Results The results showed that all dimensions of cognitive emotion regulation and brain-behavioral system activity of participants were significantly associated with marital satisfaction. The results also showed that both negative and positive strategies of cognitive emotion regulation and two dimensions of active avoidance and the fight/flight system as components of the behavioral-brain system activity directly and the behavioral inhibition system indirectly were associated with marital satisfaction. In general, the results of this study showed that the components of the brain-behavioral system and cognitive emotion regulation strategies have good predictive power to predict marital satisfaction in families. Conclusion The brain-behavioral system activity as a biological and sustainable model of personality and using the cognitive emotion regulation strategies has an essential role in predicting marital satisfaction - as a general outcome of long-term interactions between couples.

Imaging of personality disorders

2020 ◽  
pp. 1239-1246
Author(s):  
Christian Paret ◽  
Christian Schmahl
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
Maladaptive Behaviours ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Shed Light

Altered processing of emotion, cognition, social interactions, and behavioural responding is characteristic for personality disorders. Neuroimaging has contributed to a better understanding of biological markers of inflexible and maladaptive behaviours prevalent in personality disorders. This chapter summarizes results from magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography studies, with a focus on research in borderline personality disorder (BPD). Knowledge on neural processes underlying emotion processing and emotion regulation has significantly advanced. Overall, findings corroborate dysfunctions in limbic–prefrontal networks, emphasizing hyper-responsiveness of the amygdala and a lack of prefrontal control. Neuroimaging studies addressed several domains of cognitive functions in BPD and shed light on the processing of social information in the brain. Though profound achievements have been made, comprehensive neurobiological models addressing behavioural dysregulation, impulsivity, and abnormal social interaction in BPD are still pending.

scholarly journals Hand model of the brain training as emotion regulation method for elementary school students

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 552-564
Author(s):  
Lita Patricia Lunanta ◽  
Reneta Kristiani ◽  
Aurelia Ardani
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Online Mentoring ◽  
Brain Training ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
School Students ◽  
Hand Model ◽  
Sense Of Security ◽  
Regulation Method ◽  
The Brain

In the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, learning from home comes with positive and negative consequences. The sense of security that children get from distance learning brings negative consequences where children need to adjust to a new paradigm. Problems around learning from home included mental health and emotional problems for students. This psychoeducation aimed to explain the emotion regulation process and how the brain worked in emotion processing. We conducted the program with a pre-survey and interviews with teachers and school principals. Furthermore, online mentoring and surveys to students accompanied by their parents. It is hoped that students could understand their emotions and the basic steps to regulate. The hand model of the brain is the model of the brain in hands to explain concretely the hierarchy and connection between different parts of the brain concerning emotions. This program got a positive response from the participants. Psychoeducation results show an increase in understanding and gave positive feedback that this program is effective and fit to what they needed.

scholarly journals Cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression relate differentially to longitudinal structural brain development across adolescence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lia Ferschmann ◽  
Nandita Vijayakumar ◽  
Håkon Grydeland ◽  
Knut Overbye ◽  
Kathryn L. Mills ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Structural Development ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Expressive Suppression ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
The Brain

Emotional disorders commonly emerge in adolescence, a period characterized by changes in emotion-related processes. Thus, the ability to regulate emotions is crucial for well-being and adaptive social functioning during this period. Concurrently, the brain undergoes large structural and functional changes. We investigated relations between tendencies to use two emotion regulation strategies, cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression, and structural development of the cerebral cortex and subcortical structures (specifically amygdala and nucleus accumbens given these structures are frequently associated with emotion regulation). A total of 112 participants (59 females) aged 8-26 were followed for up to 3 times over a 7-year period, providing 272 observations. Participants completed the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), yielding a measure of tendencies to use cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression at the final time point. Linear mixed model analyses were performed to account for the longitudinal nature of the data. Contrary to expectations, volumetric growth of the amygdala and nucleus accumbens was not associated with either emotion regulation strategy. However, frequent use of expressive suppression was linked to greater regionally-specific apparent cortical thinning in both sexes, while tendency to use cognitive reappraisal was associated with greater regionally-specific apparent thinning in females and less thinning in males. Although cognitive reappraisal is traditionally associated with cognitive control regions of the brain, our results suggest it is also associated with regions involved in social cognition and semantics. The continued changes in cortical morphology and their associations with habitual use of different emotion regulation strategies indicate continued plasticity during this period, and represent an opportunity for interventions targeting emotion regulation for adolescents at risk.

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