Aureobasidium pullulans can utilize simple aromatic compounds as a sole source of carbon in liquid culture

1996 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.W. Schoeman ◽  
D.J. Dickinson
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Aureobasidium Pullulans ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Sole Source

Trichosporon guehoae sp.nov., an anamorphic basidiomycetous yeast

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 686-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wouter J Middelhoven ◽  
Gloria Scorzetti ◽  
Jack W Fell
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Yeast Species ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Basidiomycetous Yeast ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Base Sequencing

A morphological and physiological description of an anamorphic basidiomycetous yeast species, named Trichosporon guehoae (CBS 8521T), is presented. The ability to assimilate several aliphatic and aromatic compounds as sole source of carbon and energy is reported. The phylogenetic position within the genus, based on nuclear base sequencing of the D1/D2 region of the large subunit of rDNA is discussed.Key words: basidiomycetes, taxonomy, Trichosporon guehoae sp.nov., yeasts.

The degradation of p-toluenesulfonate by a Pseudomonas

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 309-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. D. Focht ◽  
F. D. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Ring Cleavage ◽  
Resting Cells ◽  
Resting Cell ◽  
Complete Mineralization

A Pseudomonas isolated from sewage was adapted to use p-toluenesulfonate as the sole source of both carbon and sulfur. Very few of over 30 aromatic compounds tested were used for growth as sole carbon sources. Significantly, sulfobenzoate, phenolsulfonates, and isomers of cresolsulfonates did not support growth. Respirometry studies with washed, resting cells showed similar results. In both studies, benzenesulfonate was always used more rapidly than p-toluenesulfonate. The degradation of p-toluenesulfonate was shown to be over 90% of the theoretical value required for complete mineralization to carbon dioxide, water, and sulfate. When resting cells were incubated with 35S-p-toluenesulfonate, the ratio of oxygen uptake to 35S-sulfate liberation remained constant during the complete degradation period. Radiochromatographic analysis showed no 35S-aromatic intermediates in resting-cell supernatants at any time. Resting cells previously incubated with 35S-p-toluenesulfonate liberated two 35S-labeled aromatic intermediates upon disruption. Resting cells incubated with 1-14C-p-toluenesulfonate produced labeled 3-methylcatechol, labeled acetate, and unlabeled pyruvate. The labeled intermediate, 3-methylcatechol, was degraded by cell-free extracts to labeled acetate. Hydroxylation, desulfonation, ring cleavage, and subsequent fissions of the carbon chain occurred in that order; all steps but the first were catalyzed by cell-free extracts.

ETHANOL PRODUCED BY AUREOBASIDIUM PULLULANS AND ITS EFFECT ON THE GROWTH OF ARMILLARIA MELLEA

1967 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1631-1639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gertrude D. Pentland
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Aureobasidium Pullulans ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Armillaria Mellea ◽  
Ethanol Ethanol ◽  
Cell Free Filtrate

The cell-free filtrate of a liquid culture of Aureobasidium pullulans (de Bary) Arnaud contained a substance which stimulated the growth of Armillaria niellea (Fr.) Quél. This stimulatory effect was apparent when either rhizomorph tips or undifferentiated mycelium on water agar discs were used as inoculum, indicating an effect on both rhizomorph initiation and elongation. The cell-free filtrate was shown by gas chromatography to contain ethanol. Ethanol had an effect on the growth of A. mellea similar to that of the cell-free filtrate.Growth of A. mellea was stimulated by the presence of ethanol in the medium and the degree of stimulation was shown to be dependent on the total amount of ethanol available at a concentration of 500 p.p.m. Ethanol added at regular intervals as lower concentrations in the medium stimulated the growth of A. mellea as much as one higher initial concentration. A concentration of ethanol as low as 50 p.p.m. added daily for 14 days was more effective than an initial concentration of 700 p.p.m. in stimulating rhizomorph development of A. mellea.

scholarly journals Anaerobic degradation of syringic acid by an adapted strain of Rhodopseudomonas palustris

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Zachary Oshlag ◽  
Yanjun Ma ◽  
Kaitlin Morse ◽  
Brian T. Burger ◽  
Rachelle A. Lemke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Anaerobic Degradation ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Rhodopseudomonas Palustris ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Syringic Acid ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Acid Degradation

ABSTRACTWhile lignin represents a major fraction of the carbon in plant biomass, biological strategies to convert the components of this heterogenous polymer into products of industrial and biotechnological value are lacking. Syringic acid (3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acid) is a byproduct of lignin degradation, appearing in lignocellulosic hydrolysates, deconstructed lignin streams, and other agricultural products. Rhodopseudomonas palustris CGA009 is a known degrader of phenolic compounds under photoheterotrophic conditions, via the benzoyl-CoA degradation (BAD) pathway. However, R. palustris CGA009 is reported to be unable to metabolize meta-methoxylated phenolics such as syringic acid. We isolated a strain of R. palustris (strain SA008.1.07), adapted from CGA009, which can grow on syringic acid under photoheterotrophic conditions, utilizing it as a sole source of organic carbon and reducing power. An SA008.1.07 mutant with an inactive benzoyl-CoA reductase structural gene was able to grow on syringic acid, demonstrating that the metabolism of this aromatic compound is not through the BAD pathway. Comparative gene expression analyses of SA008.1.07 implicated the involvement of products of the vanARB operon (rpa3619-rpa3621), which has been described as catalyzing aerobic aromatic ring demethylation in other bacteria, in anaerobic syringic acid degradation. In addition, experiments with a vanARB deletion mutant demonstrated the involvement of the vanARB operon in anaerobic syringic acid degradation. These observations provide new insights into the anaerobic degradation of meta-methoxylated and other aromatics by R. palustris.IMPORTANCELignin is the most abundant aromatic polymer on Earth and a resource that could eventually substitute for fossil fuels as a source of aromatic compounds for industrial and biotechnological applications. Engineering microorganisms for production of aromatic-based biochemicals requires detailed knowledge of metabolic pathways for the degradation of aromatics that are present in lignin. Our isolation and analysis of a Rhodopseudomonas palustris strain capable of syringic acid degradation reveals a previously unknown metabolic route for aromatic degradation in R. palustris. This study highlights several key features of this pathway and sets the stage for a more complete understanding of the microbial metabolic repertoire to metabolize aromatic compounds from lignin and other renewable sources.

Degradation of naphthalene by thermophilic bacteria via a pathway, through protocatechuic acid

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrius Bubinas ◽  
Gražina Giedraitytė ◽  
Lilija Kalėdienė ◽  
Ona Nivinskiene ◽  
Rita Butkiene
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Aromatic Ring ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Protocatechuic Acid ◽  
Culture Supernatant ◽  
Thermophilic Bacteria ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Ring Fission

AbstractA number of thermophilic bacteria capable of utilizing naphthalene as a sole source of carbon were isolated from a high-temperature oilfield in Lithuania. These isolates were able to utilize several other aromatic compounds, such as anthracene, benzene, phenol, benzene-1, 3-diol, protocatechuic acid as well. Thermophilic isolate G27 ascribed to Geobacillus genus was found to have a high aromatic compound degrading capacity. Spectrophotometric determination of enzyme activities in cell-free extracts revealed that the last aromatic ring fission enzyme in naphthalene biotransformation by Geobacillus sp. G27 was inducible via protocatechuate 3, 4-dioxygenase; no protocatechuate 4, 5-dioxygenase, protocatechuate 2, 3-dioxygenase activities were detected. Intermediates such as o-phthalic and protocatechuic acids detected in culture supernatant confirmed that the metabolism of naphthalene by Geobacillus sp. G27 can proceed through protocatechuic acid via ortho-cleavage pathway and thus differs from the pathways known for mesophilic bacteria.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of Genes Involved in the Downstream Degradation Pathway of γ-Hexachlorocyclohexane in Sphingomonas paucimobilis UT26

2005 ◽  
Vol 187 (3) ◽  
pp. 847-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryo Endo ◽  
Mayuko Kamakura ◽  
Keisuke Miyauchi ◽  
Masao Fukuda ◽  
Yoshiyuki Ohtsubo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Degradation Pathway ◽  
Ring Cleavage ◽  
Sphingomonas Paucimobilis ◽  
Reductase Gene ◽  
Chlorinated Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Identification And Characterization

ABSTRACT Sphingomonas paucimobilis UT26 utilizes γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-HCH) as a sole source of carbon and energy. In our previous study, we cloned and characterized genes that are involved in the conversion of γ-HCH to maleylacetate (MA) via chlorohydroquinone (CHQ) in UT26. In this study, we identified and characterized an MA reductase gene, designated linF, that is essential for the utilization of γ-HCH in UT26. A gene named linEb, whose deduced product showed significant identity to LinE (53%), was located close to linF. LinE is a novel type of ring cleavage dioxygenase that catalyzes the conversion of CHQ to MA. LinEb expressed in Escherichia coli transformed CHQ and 2,6-dichlorohydroquinone to MA and 2-chloromaleylacetate, respectively. Our previous and present results indicate that UT26 (i) has two gene clusters for degradation of chlorinated aromatic compounds via hydroquinone-type intermediates and (ii) uses at least parts of both clusters for γ-HCH utilization.

scholarly journals Four Bacillus sp. soil isolates capable of degrading phenol, toluene, biphenyl, naphthalene and other aromatic compounds exhibit different aromatic catabolic potentials

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1057-1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidija Djokic ◽  
Tanja Narancic ◽  
Jasmina Nikodinovic-Runic ◽  
Sanja Bajkic ◽  
Branka Vasiljevic
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Phenol Hydroxylase ◽  
Ph Effects ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Cell Extracts ◽  
Catechol 1,2 Dioxygenase ◽  
Similar Range ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
Catechol Dioxygenases

Two novel Bacillus sp. were isolated from a soil sample from a bank of the Tamis river in close proximity to a petrochemical facility. They were capable of utilizing a broad range of aromatic compounds as a sole source of carbon and energy (including phenol, benzene, toluene, biphenyl, naphthalene). The isolates were designated as Bacillus sp. TN41 and TN42, based on their 16S rDNA sequence. Their catabolic potential was compared to two Bacillus sp. strains (PS1 and PS11) isolated from the rhizosphere of the endemorelict plant Ramonda serbica. Specific activities of phenol hydroxylase, catechol 1,2-dioxygenase and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase were analyzed from crude cell extracts of the isolates, as well as the temperature and pH effects on enzyme activity. Although all four isolates had the ability to degrade a similar range of aromatic compounds, the specific activities of the enzymes indicative of aromatic compound catabolism of TN isolates were 2 to 90-fold lower compared to the PS isolates. Phenol hydroxylase and catechol dioxygenases exhibited broad temperature (10?C-80?C) and pH (4-9) activity ranges in all four Bacillus isolates. While phenol inhibited both phenol hydroxylase and catechol dioxygenases in the TN strains, it was an inducer for phenol hydroxylase in the PS strains.

Isolation of an Aureobasidium pullulans polysaccharide that promotes adhesion of blastospores to water-borne paints

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 954-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stig L Bardage ◽  
Jonny Bjurman
Keyword(s):  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Aureobasidium Pullulans ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Liquid Cultures ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Culture Extract ◽  
Water Borne

A polysaccharide composed of maltotriose units was isolated from a liquid culture of Aureobasidium pullulans (De Bary) Arnaud blastospores incubated for 4 h, by precipitation with tetrahydrofuran on solvent-resistant membranes. The concentration of polysaccharide obtained from the liquid cultures after incubation of approximately 106 spores/mL was estimated to be 2 μg/mL of culture filtrate. This polysaccharide seems to be pullulan, as judged by degradation with pullulanase. Newly harvested blastospores resuspended in water did not adhere to the surface of painted wood. However, suspensions of purified culture extract enhanced the adhesion of newly harvested blastospores to the surface of painted wood. It is therefore concluded that pullulan is released by blastospores and contributes to the adhesion of blastospores to surfaces.Key words: adhesion, spores, polysaccharide, pullulan, coatings, blue stain.

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