Effects of compaction on soil surface water repellency

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bryant ◽  
S. H. Doerr ◽  
G. Hunt ◽  
S. Conan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Water Repellency

scholarly journals Effect of Digestate and Straw Combined Application on Maintaining Rice Production and Paddy Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5714
Author(s):  
Xue Hu ◽  
Hongyi Liu ◽  
Chengyu Xu ◽  
Xiaomin Huang ◽  
Min Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Paddy Soil ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Straw Decomposition ◽  
Rice Grains ◽  
Combined Application

Few studies have focused on the combined application of digestate and straw and its feasibility in rice production. Therefore, we conducted a two-year field experiment, including six treatments: without nutrients and straw (Control), digestate (D), digestate + fertilizer (DF), digestate + straw (DS), digestate + fertilizer + straw (DFS) and conventional fertilizer + straw (CS), to clarify the responses of rice growth and paddy soil nutrients to different straw and fertilizer combinations. Our results showed that digestate and straw combined application (i.e., treatment DFS) increased rice yield by 2.71 t ha−1 compared with the Control, and digestate combined with straw addition could distribute more nitrogen (N) to rice grains. Our results also showed that the straw decomposition rate at 0 cm depth under DS was 5% to 102% higher than that under CS. Activities of catalase, urease, sucrase and phosphatase at maturity under DS were all higher than that under both Control and CS. In addition, soil organic matter (SOM) and total nitrogen (TN) under DS and DFS were 20~26% and 11~12% higher than that under B and DF respectively, suggesting straw addition could benefit paddy soil quality. Moreover, coupling straw and digestate would contribute to decrease the N content in soil surface water. Overall, our results demonstrated that digestate and straw combined application could maintain rice production and have potential positive paddy environmental effects.

Soil, surface water and ground water phosphorus relationships in a partially harvested Boreal Plain aspen catchment

2005 ◽  
Vol 206 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 315-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.L. Macrae ◽  
T.E. Redding ◽  
I.F. Creed ◽  
W.R. Bell ◽  
K.J. Devito
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Soil Surface

scholarly journals Water repellency of clay, sand and organic soils in Finland

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 267 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. RASA ◽  
R. HORN ◽  
M. RÄTY
Keyword(s):  
Preferential Flow ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Water Repellent ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Wetting Process

Water repellency (WR) delays soil wetting process, increases preferential flow and may give rise to surface runoff and consequent erosion. WR is commonly recognized in the soils of warm and temperate climates. To explore the occurrence of WR in soils in Finland, soil R index was studied on 12 sites of different soil types. The effects of soil management practice, vegetation age, soil moisture and drying temperature on WR were studied by a mini-infiltrometer with samples from depths of 0-5 and 5-10 cm. All studied sites exhibited WR (R index >1.95) at the time of sampling. WR increased as follows: sand (R = 1.8-5.0) < clay (R = 2.4-10.3) < organic (R = 7.9-undefined). At clay and sand, WR was generally higher at the soil surface and at the older sites (14 yr.), where organic matter is accumulated. Below 41 vol. % water content these mineral soils were water repellent whereas organic soil exhibited WR even at saturation. These results show that soil WR also reduces water infiltration at the prevalent field moisture regime in the soils of boreal climate. The ageing of vegetation increases WR and on the other hand, cultivation reduces or hinders the development of WR.;

Plot-scale wash-off of Cesium-137 and Strontium-90 after three decades since the Chernobyl accident

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshifumi Wakiyama ◽  
Yasunori Igarashi ◽  
Yuichi Onda ◽  
Dmitry Samoilov ◽  
Hlib Lisovy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Sediment Discharge ◽  
Exclusion Zone ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Wild Fire ◽  
Strontium 90 ◽  
Cesium 137 ◽  
Level Sensor

&lt;p&gt;Long-term behaviors of Cesium-137 (&lt;sup&gt;137&lt;/sup&gt;Cs) and Strontium-90 (&lt;sup&gt;90&lt;/sup&gt;Sr) have been of great interest in Chernobyl and its downstream area. This study presents plot-scale observations of &lt;sup&gt;137&lt;/sup&gt;Cs and &lt;sup&gt;90&lt;/sup&gt;Sr wash-off in the Chernobyl exclusion zone since 2018 to date. Runoff plots were established on a pine forest in the Kopachi area (PF-KP), an abandoned farmland in the Korogod area (AF-KR) and a post wild fire territory in the Red Forest (WF-RF) in December 2017. Each runoff plot consists of eroding surface of 22.13 m length and 5 m width, a 30&amp;#176; V-notch weir with water level sensor for monitoring surface runoff and tanks for collecting runoff water and sediments. Since February 2018, runoff water and sediment samples trapped in the weir and tanks have been collected after rainfall events and analyzed for particulate &lt;sup&gt;137&lt;/sup&gt;Cs concentration, dissolved &lt;sup&gt;137&lt;/sup&gt;Cs concentration, and dissolved &lt;sup&gt;90&lt;/sup&gt;Sr concentration. Analyses of samples in 2, 4, and 3 wash-off events were completed for PF-KP, AF-KR, and WF-RF, respectively. The ash/litter on soil surface, soil of 0-1 cm depth, soil of 1-2 cm depth, and soil of 2-3 cm depth were sampled with a scraper plate and subject to measurements of &lt;sup&gt;137&lt;/sup&gt;Cs and &lt;sup&gt;90&lt;/sup&gt;Sr concentrations. &amp;#160;Total volume of surface runoff from PF-KP, AF-KR, and WF-RF were 0.97, 0.73, and 3.2 mm, respectively. Total sediment discharge from PF-KP, AF-KR, and WF-RF were 0.29, 0.015, 1.7 g m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt;, respectively. The runoff and sediment discharge from PF-KP and WF-RF were mainly observed in summer and attributed to severe water repellency of the surface soils. Total particulate &lt;sup&gt;137&lt;/sup&gt;Cs wash-off from PF-KP, AF-KR, and WF-RF were 51, 0.082, 270 Bq m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt;, respectively. Total dissolved &lt;sup&gt;137&lt;/sup&gt;Cs wash-off from PF-KP, AF-KR, and WF-RF were 7.4, 0.024, 9.8 Bq m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt;, respectively. Total dissolved &lt;sup&gt;90&lt;/sup&gt;Sr wash-off from PF-KP, AF-KR, and WF-RF were 55, 0.31, 230 Bq m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt;, respectively.&amp;#160; These results indicate that wild fire enhances surface runoff and sediment yield and result in greater wash-off of &lt;sup&gt;137&lt;/sup&gt;Cs and &lt;sup&gt;90&lt;/sup&gt;Sr. In comparisons between PF-KP and WF-RF, apparent Kd value for &lt;sup&gt;137&lt;/sup&gt;Cs at WF-RF was higher than at PF-KP. Ratio of dissolved &lt;sup&gt;137&lt;/sup&gt;Cs and &lt;sup&gt;90&lt;/sup&gt;Sr concentration to those in ash/litter layer at PF-KP was lower than those of WF-RF. The dissolution of these radionuclides into runoff water appeared to be restrained in the post wild-fire site.&lt;/p&gt;

Perfluorinated compounds in soil, surface water, and groundwater from rural areas in eastern China

2016 ◽  
Vol 211 ◽  
pp. 124-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Chen ◽  
Xing-Chun Jiao ◽  
Nan Gai ◽  
Xiao-Jie Li ◽  
Xiao-Chun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Perfluorinated Compounds ◽  
Surface Water And Groundwater
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