Feminist and Medical Ethics: Two Different Approaches to Contextual Ethics

Hypatia ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Sherwin
Keyword(s):  
Medical Ethics ◽  
Moral Theory ◽  
Ethical Analysis ◽  
Feminist Ethics ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Narrative Approaches ◽  
Political Analysis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Contextual Ethics ◽  
Political Understanding

Feminist ethics and medical ethics are critical of contemporary moral theory in several similar respects. There is a shared sense of frustration with, the level of abstraction and generality that characterizes traditional philosophic work in ethics and a common commitment to including contextual details and allowing room for the personal aspects of relationships in ethical analysis. This paper explores the ways in which context is appealed to in feminist and medical ethics, the sort of details that should be included in the recommended narrative approaches to ethical problems, and the difference it makes to our ethical deliberations if we add an explicitly feminist political analysis to our discussion of context. It is claimed that an analysis of gender is needed for feminist medical ethics and that this requires a certain degree of generality, i. e. a political understanding of context.

Feminist Ethics and In Vitro Fertilization

1987 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 264-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Sherwin
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Moral Theory ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Biomedical Ethics ◽  
Human Reproduction ◽  
Feminist Ethics ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
The Difference

New technology in human reproduction has provoked wide ranging arguments about the desirability and moral justifiability of many of these efforts. Authors of biomedical ethics have ventured into the field to offer the insight of moral theory to these complex moral problems of contemporary life. I believe, however, that the moral theories most widely endorsed today are problematic and that a new approach to ethics is necessary if we are to address the concerns and perspectives identified by feminist theorists in our considerations of such topics. Hence, I propose to look at one particular technique in the growing repertoire of new reproductive technologies, in vitro fertilization (IVF), in order to consider the insight which the mainstream approaches to moral theory have offered to this debate, and to see the difference made by a feminist approach to ethics.

Clara Ng: A Brief Journey of A Remarkable Female for Our Time

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adib Rifqi Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Publishing Industry ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
External Audit ◽  
Narrative Approaches ◽  
Career Opportunities ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Interviewing Techniques

This work examines what it has been and continues to be like for Clara Ng to be a home mother and an author in the publishing industry. Our exploration uses qualitative methods of narrative approaches in the form of biographical studies. Participants as data sources were selected using a purposive sampling technique which was collected based on retrospective interviewing techniques and then checked for validity and reliability using external audit. It gained that Clara Ng is a remarkable female whose synthesizes the difference between home mother and author’s career in the publishing industry. She did not seek fame nor did she seek self aggrandizement, her whole life was one of service to humanity, an indefatigable work ethic, and humility. Clara Ng’s journey offers insights offers examples of many ways in which home mothers can, and should, work to improve the career opportunities available to those who follow in their footsteps.

Developing Habits and Knowing What Habits to Develop: A Look at the Role of Virtue in Ethics

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erich H. Loewy
Keyword(s):  
Medical Ethics ◽  
Virtue Ethics ◽  
Conventional Method ◽  
Greek Philosophy ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Working Through ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Better Than

Virtue ethics attempts to identify certain commonly agreed-upon dispositions to act in certain ways, dispositions that would be accepted as ‘good’ by those affected, and to locate the goodness or badness of an act internal to the agent. Basically, virtue ethics is said to date back to Aristotle, but as Alisdair MacIntyre has pointed out, the whole idea of ‘virtue ethics’ would have been unintelligible in Greek philosophy for “a virtue (arete) was an excellence and ethics concerned excellence of character; all ethics was virtue ethics.” Virtue ethics as a method to approach problems in medical ethics is said by some to lend itself to working through cases at the bedside or, at least, is better than the conventional method of handling ethical problems. In this paper I want to explore some of the shortcomings of this approach, examine other traditional approaches, indicate some of their limitations, and suggest a different conceptualization of the approach.

Common Morality Principles in Biomedical Ethics: Responses to Critics

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
James F. Childress ◽  
Tom L. Beauchamp
Keyword(s):  
Medical Ethics ◽  
Moral Theory ◽  
Biomedical Ethics ◽  
Common Morality ◽  
Moral Change

Abstract After briefly sketching common-morality principlism, as presented in Principles of Biomedical Ethics, this paper responds to two recent sets of challenges to this framework. The first challenge claims that medical ethics is autonomous and unique and thus not a form of, or justified or guided by, a common morality or by any external morality or moral theory. The second challenge denies that there is a common morality and insists that futile efforts to develop common-morality approaches to bioethics limit diversity and prevent needed moral change. This paper argues that these two critiques fundamentally fail because they significantly misunderstand their target and because their proposed alternatives have major deficiencies and encounter insurmountable problems.

scholarly journals Russia – China: A Difficult Way to Strategic Partnership (To the 70th Anniversary of the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations)

2021 ◽  
pp. 231-245
Author(s):  
Sergey Biryukov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Development ◽  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
World Order ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
General Situation ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Political Analysis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Moment

Introduction. The article is devoted to the features and historical evolution of the SovietChinese (later Russian-Chinese) relations from the moment of the proclamation of the People’s Republic of China in 1949 to the present. The analysis of the complex of factors that determined the complex dynamics of the relations between the two countries was carried out by the author of the article. It is shown that the SovietChinese (later – Russian-Chinese) relations developed from close alliance to alienation and confrontation – with reaching a level of strategic partnership in the second decade of the 21st century. Methods and materials. The authors seek a combination of general theoretical and special methods, focusing on the historical, sociocultural and political analysis. They are based on the analysis of periodicals, as well as using books, articles and materials of researchers on the problems of the political development of China and the USSR (Russia) and on the transformation of the nature of their bilateral relations. The author analyzes the current situation in the relations between the two countries, according to which the nature of the development of the general situation in international relations and the objective foreign policy interests of China and Russia encourage them to build and deepen bilateral partnership. Results. According to the author, many of the reasons that gave rise to a conflict of interests and confrontation between the two countries in previous years are exhausted today. At the same time, the joint participation of China and Russia in the formation and adoption of a new, more equitable and sustainable world order, in the settlement of conflicts and crises, in the arrangement of the Greater Eurasia space seems to the author justified and promising. Among the factors defining the nature of the Sino-Soviet relations the author identifies the relationship between the leaders of the two countries, the difference of geopolitical concepts and approaches, ideological disputes and differences in the views on strategy and prospects of the communist movement, the logic of the socio-political and socio-economic development in the context of modernization. The changing and contradictory correlation of these factors determined the development of the Soviet-Chinese (later Russian-Chinese) relations from a close alliance to mutual distancing and confrontation – with the subsequent entry into strategic partnership.

Euthanasia, Human and Other

2020 ◽  
pp. 157-176
Author(s):  
Anna L. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Medical Ethics ◽  
Assisted Suicide ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Physician Assisted Suicide ◽  
Moral Agents ◽  
Mercy Killing ◽  
Nonhuman Animals ◽  
The Difference

This chapter turns to one of the most important and controversial issues in medical ethics: euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide (PAS). The intensely personal scale of mercy killing makes it possible to consider practice in a very concrete way, including activities that shape the situations of very ill people and their relations with a variety of other moral agents, from family members and physicians to policymakers. The chapter explores not only human euthanasia and PAS but also killings of nonhuman animals, including both the euthanasia of beloved pets and the killing of homeless dogs and cats in shelters. This comparison highlights the difference that relationships make in ethical arguments. It also reveals how much species runs through ethical argumentation, in the form of unquestioned assumptions about what makes a life valuable.

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