BENTUK KERAGAMAN LEKSIKON FLORA DALAM PENGOBATAN TRADISIONAL MASYARAKAT DAYAK HALONG: KAJIAN EKOLINGUISTIK (Forms of Flora Lexicon Diversity in Traditional Medicine of the Dayak Halong Community: Ecolinguistic Study)

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan bentuk keragaman leksikon flora dalam pengobatan tradisional masyarakat Dayak Halong. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer berupa leksikon flora yang digunakan sebagai pengobatan tradisional yang diperoleh dari balian atau tokoh adat. Adapun, data sekunder diperoleh dari sejumlah kajian pustaka yang berkaitan dengan penelitian ini. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan tiga langkah kerja, yaitu tahap penyediaan data, tahap analisis data, dan tahap penyajian hasil analisis data. Penyediaan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode simak, dengan teknik rekam, catat, dan wawancara. Penganalisisan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode padan. Penyajian hasil analisis data menggunakan metode penyajian informal. Dari hasil analisis ditemukan 40 leksikon flora dan 6 bentuk keragaman flora dalam pengobatan tradisional masyarakat Dayak Halong. Bentuk leksikon yang ditemukan, yaitu (1) leksikon yang berwujud kata yang terdiri atas leksikon yang berwujud kata dasar dan leksikon yang berwujud kata ulang; (2) leksikon yang berwujud frase. Dalam kategori linguistik, keempat puluh leksikon flora tersebut tergolong bermakna bernyawa dan dapat diklasifikasikan berdasarkan bentuk dasar, bentuk turunan, dan bentuk ulang. Dalam kategori ekologi keempat puluh leksikon flora itu termasuk tumbuhan biotik. Bentuk keragaman flora yang ditemukan berbentuk habitus (1) pohon, (2) parasit, (3) rumput, (4) perdu, (5) liana, dan (6) semak. Bentuk keragaman leksikon flora tersebut termasuk dalam lingkungan ragawi dan lingkungan sosial yang terkait dengan lingkungan geografis, yakni lingkungan tempat masyarakat Dayak Halong memanfaatkan flora untuk pengobatan tradisional. Pemanfaatan flora tersebut menggunakan bagian akar, umbi, daun, pucuk daun, batang, bunga, buah, dan biji tumbuhan. Cara penggunaannya adalah dengan cara direbus, direndam, diusapkan, dikompreskan, ditempelkan, dioleskan pada bagian yang sakit, serta diseduh langsung. This study aims to describe the diversity of flora lexicon in traditional medicine of the Dayak Halong community. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. This study uses primary data and secondary data. Primary data in the form of flora lexicon used as traditional medicine obtained from balian or traditional leaders. Meanwhile, secondary data was obtained from a number of literature studies related to this research. In this study, three work steps were carried out, namely: the stage of providing data, the stage of data analysis, and the stage of presenting the results of data analysis. The provision of data in this study used the listening method, with recording, note taking, and interviewing techniques. Data analysis was carried out using the equivalent method. Presentation of the results of data analysis using the method of informal presentation. From the results of the analysis found 40 flora lexicon and 6 forms of flora diversity in traditional medicine of the Dayak Halong community. The forms of lexicon found are (1) lexicon in the form of word consisting of lexicon in the form of basic words and lexicon in the form of repeated words; (2) lexicon in the form of phrases. In the linguistic category, the forty flora lexicons are classified as animate and can be classified based on basic forms, derived forms, and re-forms. In the forty ecological categories of the flora lexicon, it includes biotic plants. The forms of flora diversity found were in the form of habitus (1) trees, (2) parasites, (3) grass, (4) clumps, (5) lianas, and (6) shrubs. The forms of diversity in the flora lexicon are included in the physical environment and social environment related to the geographical environment, namely the environment were the Dayak Halong community uses flora for traditional medicine. Utilization of the flora uses the roots, tubers, leaves, leaf shoots, stems, flowers, fruits, and seed of plants. How to use it is by boiling, soaking, rubbing, compressing, affixed, smeared on the sick, and brewed directly.

Evaluating the Application of the Mental Model Mapping Tool (M-Tool)

Mental models influence how individuals think and act in relation to their external environment and have been identified as leverage points to address sustainability challenges. Given the importance of mental models, a new tool to assess mental models has been developed: the Mental Model Mapping Tool (M-Tool). M-Tool was designed to have a standardized format and to be user-friendly for low literacy populations, using pictograms and audio instructions. In this paper, we evaluate M-Tool’s application in two studies with Tanzanian fishers. In Study 1, we investigated M-tool’s convergent validity compared to standard interviewing methods (n = 30). Study 2 investigated M-Tool’s construct validity by relating mental model complexity to participants’ education level (n = 185), a relationship that has been well established. The findings show that (1) mental models produced with M-Tool are more complex than mental models obtained through interviewing techniques; (2) model composition is similar across the two methods; and (3) participants with higher levels of education tend to produce more complex mental models with M-Tool than participants with lower levels of education, in line with previous research. These findings suggest that M-Tool can successfully capture mental models among diverse participants. This tool offers researchers and practitioners an instrument to map and compare perceptions of (conservation) challenges across groups.

When the Evidence Is Incorrect: an Exploration of What Happens When Interviewers Unwittingly Present Inaccurate Information in Interviews with Suspects

Skillfully presenting evidence/information to suspects is one of the few interviewing techniques that increases the likelihood of guilty suspects providing information or making a confession, without making innocent ones do so as well. It is important that this evidence/information is correct, since deliberately disclosing incorrect evidence poses some risks. Also, in real-life interviews, police interviewers may unwittingly disclose incorrect evidence, for example when a witness was mistaken and provided the police with incorrect information. The present study examined the behavior of fifty police interviewers in interviews with “suspects” of a scripted crime: what is their response when the interviewees try to explain to them that some of the evidence/information just disclosed by them is incorrect? Eleven interviewers responded adaptively (by actively picking up on this new information), 35 responded in a neutral way and four responded maladaptively (by discrediting the interviewee’s claim). Experience and a full interview training had a significant negative relationship with adaptiveness. These results indicate that, when preparing and conducting interviews with suspects, greater awareness is needed of the possibility that some of the evidence/information that is to be disclosed could be incorrect, and therefore it is crucial that suspects’ responses which suggest such may be the case are taken into account.

They Have the Ability to Say Yes or No: Providers' Perspectives on Veterans' Service Refusal as a Cause of Readmissions

sService refusal, where patients actively refuse clinicians’ recommendations for additional services needed to achieve safe and full recovery after discharge, is a key but often overlooked cause of readmissions. There is a dearth of literature on the extent of service refusal and providers’ (e.g. clinicians, nurses, social workers) observations regarding how to deal with these situations. As part of a larger, 10 VA site organizational case study of readmission, semi-structured interviews exploring causes of readmission were conducted with 21-41 staff members at each site (n=314). 41 providers identified Veteran service refusal and decision-making as causes of readmission. Providers acknowledged the need to honor patient autonomy/self-determination in decisions while at the same time worrying about potential adverse outcomes. Incongruence between Veterans’ and providers’ perceptions (especially for capacity for self-care), goals, and discharge plans was also cited as a factor in service refusal. Frustration was also raised about initial acceptance of service followed by refusal at time of service delivery. Providers also felt readmissions increased even further when combined with lack of or inadequate caregiving arrangements/family support, lack of cognitive capacity, homelessness, or home care affordability. Findings point to the need for interventions to evaluate congruence between provider and patient assessment of self-care capabilities and provide more in-depth goal setting and motivational interviewing techniques to help patients reach more realistic post-discharge care goals.

Ethical and Methodological Considerations Interviewing Dementia Caregivers

Greater inclusion of people living with dementia (PLWD) and their caregivers in research is a global research priority and an expressed priority of dementia advocacy organizations. Absent inclusion of PLWD and caregivers, our understanding of dementia-related experiences and optimization of care and caregiving interventions is stymied. Qualitative interviewing techniques constitutes a primary method for obtaining PLWD and caregivers’ perspectives. Yet, there is little guidance on use of qualitative interviewing techniques among PLWD and caregivers or discussion of potential challenges encountered, despite unique vulnerabilities faced throughout the research process, which may be further heightened among historically excluded groups. Meaningful progress toward inclusion of PLWD and their caregivers in dementia research necessitates broader examination of associated methodological and ethical considerations that arise in the conduct of interviews. Drawing from a large multi-site qualitative study of dementia caregivers with exposure to high levels of social disadvantage, we used a multiple-triangulation qualitative approach across interview transcripts, memos, and interviewer discussions to identify methodological and ethical challenges that arose during the interviewing process. Challenges were identified across all phases of research, and included relational concerns with PLWD and family members due to disclosure of sensitive information, risk of re-traumatization in discussing past experiences, multiple roles of caregivers with conflicting perspectives, variable recall capacity, limited prior appraisal of caregiving, and request of interviewers for medical advice or selecting services . We outline events evidencing these challenges and proposed strategies (i.e. use of research consults, interview debriefing) to strengthen research capacity to anticipate and respond to them.

Interdisciplinary Innovations Utilizing Pet Robots to Meet Research, Education, and Care Needs

Studies of the impact of robotic companion pets are proliferating, authored by several disciplines, each with different concerns. Roboticists focus on technology design and artificial emotional intelligence as opposed to general preferences for soft, furry, interactive animals. Others worry that as people interact with potentially deceptive technology, they may think the pet is alive. While aware of these serious concerns, gerontologists have focused on how lonely older persons without cognitive impairment respond to social ‘helper’ robots. More recent studies emphasize the possible impact of animatronic pets on persons with dementia (PWD). Therapeutic benefits of these pets are just being established. Our current pilot study is timely in that it now involves semi-structured interviews with formal/ informal caregivers of PWD who have been given a robot pet. We are eliciting perceptions, opinions, and observations of the PWD’s response to robotic pets. We recruited 8 gerontology students as much-needed assistants for a research-driven topics course to afford them field exposure to PWD, caregivers, and direct research experience. Because students seldom have experience either with robotic pets or PWD, they read selected articles and received training/practice in semi-structured interviewing techniques. Students next conducted interviews with caregivers of PWD who have interacted with the pets. All interviews are audio-recorded, transcribed and deposited in the Carolinas Conversations Collection. Content and thematic analysis of transcriptions, student activity logs and bi-weekly reflective discussions will inform next steps in intervention research, testing therapeutic outcomes such as agitation reduction by pet robots for PWD.

Efficacy of short-term telemedicine motivation-based intervention for individuals with Internet Use Disorder – A pilot-study

Background Internet Use Disorders (IUD) cover a range of online-related behavioral addictions, which are acknowledged and strengthened by the inclusion of (online) gaming disorder in the ICD-11 by the World Health Organization. Internet-based telemedicine interventions offer the possibility to reach out for individuals with IUD where the disorder emerges, in order to enhance their motivation to change their Internet use behavior. Methods In the course of the short-term telemedicine motivation-based intervention, adult participants took part in two webcam-based counselling sessions based on Motivational Interviewing techniques. Two weeks after the first webcam-based counselling session the second took place. Participants completed questionnaires regarding the motivation to change their Internet use behavior (iSOCRATES) and symptoms of IUD (s-IAT) at three times of measurement: t0 (pre-intervention), t1 (mid-intervention) and t2 (post-intervention). Results 73 affected individuals (83.6% male, average age 35 years (SD = 12.49) took part in the whole intervention including the questionnaire-based post intervention survey (t2). Over the course of the telemedicine intervention, a significant increase in the motivation to change with regard to the own Internet use behavior as well as a significant reduction in the symptom severity of an IUD and duration of Internet use (reduction of 2 hrs/d) were shown. Conclusion The telemedicine pilot study shows that online-based consultation can be effective and helpful for individuals with IUD. Therefore, such a telemedicine intervention may be a suitable extension to the already existing analogous care system.

Using Photographs and Human Body Diagrams as Visual Aids to Help Children Talk About Bodily Touch

<p>The present study aimed to examine whether using two separate visual aids (Human Body Diagram vs. photograph of subject) for different purposes (to clarify/elaborate reported touches vs. elicit unreported touches) effected the accuracy and amount of touch-related information reported by children aged between 5 and 6 years. It was found that children reported more correct touches from the scripted event when they were interviewed using a photograph of their bodies. Contrary to expectations though, the amount and accuracy of touch-related information did not significantly differ between interviewing conditions. Additionally, all children reported the most accurate information prior to touch-inquiry before visual aids were introduced. In light of these findings, it is suggested that visual aids may not provide any more substantial benefits compared to verbal prompting alone. Given the risks associated with their use (i.e., leading to increases in reported errors) the present study endorses future research that seeks to develop more effective verbal interviewing techniques, which assist in the retrieval of more complete and accurate statements from children.</p>