Brain Metabolite Concentrations and Neurocognition During Short-term Recovery from Alcohol Dependence: Preliminary Evidence of the Effects of Concurrent Chronic Cigarette Smoking

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 539-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy C. Durazzo ◽  
Stefan Gazdzinski ◽  
Johannes C. Rothlind ◽  
Peter Banys ◽  
Dieter J. Meyerhoff
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Brain Metabolite ◽  
Metabolite Concentrations

Abstract P116: Trait Anger Increases Short-term and Long-term Risk for Recurrent CHD: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice E Williams ◽  
Sharon B Wyatt ◽  
Kathryn M Rose ◽  
David J Couper ◽  
Anna Kucharska-Newton
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Trait Anger ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities ◽  
Atherosclerosis Risk ◽  
Aric Study

Though several large epidemiologic studies have demonstrated the positive association of anger with coronary heart disease (CHD) onset, a dearth of population-based evidence exists regarding the relationship of anger to the clinical course of CHD among people with established disease. Trait anger is conceptualized as a stable personality trait and defined as the tendency to experience frequent and intense anger. Therefore, it is plausible that the effects of trait anger on CHD are long standing. We assessed the hypothesis that trait anger predicts short-term and long-term risk for recurrent CHD among middle-aged men and women. Participants were 611 black or white men and women, ages 48 - 67, who had a history of CHD at the second clinical examination (1990-1992) of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. They were followed for the recurrence of CHD (myocardial infarction or fatal CHD) from 1990 through three different time intervals: 1995, 2003, and 2009 (maximum follow-up = 19.0 years). Trait anger (measured at Visit 2) was assessed using the Spielberger Trait Anger Scale, with scores categorized as high, moderate, and low. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were adjusted for age, sex, race-center, educational level, waist-to-hip ratio, plasma LDL-and HDL-cholesterol levels, hypertension, diabetes, cigarette smoking status, and pack-years of cigarette smoking. After 3 - 5 years of follow-up, the risk for recurrent CHD among participants with high trait anger was more than twice that of their counterparts with low trait anger (2.24 [95% C.I: 1.14 to 4.40]). After 11 - 13 years, the risk was 80% greater (1.80 [95% C.I: 1.17 to 2.78]) and after 17 - 19 years, it was 70% greater (1.70 [95% C.I: 1.15 to 2.52]). The risk for recurrent CHD was strongest in the first time interval but remained strong and statistically significant through 19 years of follow-up. In conclusion, the experience of frequent and intense anger increases short-term and long-term risk for recurrent CHD in middle-aged men and women.

scholarly journals Cigarette Smoking Predicts Differential Benefit from Naltrexone for Alcohol Dependence

2012 ◽  
Vol 72 (10) ◽  
pp. 832-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Fucito ◽  
Aesoon Park ◽  
Suzy Bird Gulliver ◽  
Margaret E. Mattson ◽  
Ralitza V. Gueorguieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Alcohol Dependence

Changes in urinary testosterone and corticosterone metabolites during short-term confinement with repeated handling in wild male cane toads (Rhinella marina)

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward J. Narayan ◽  
Frank C. Molinia ◽  
John F. Cockrem ◽  
Jean-Marc Hero
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Reproductive Hormone ◽  
Cane Toad ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Rhinella Marina ◽  
Testosterone Secretion ◽  
Metabolite Concentrations ◽  
Corticosterone Metabolites

Stressors generally decrease testosterone secretion and inhibit reproduction in animals. Urinary testosterone and corticosterone metabolite concentrations were measured in adult male cane toads (Rhinella marina) at the time of capture from the wild and during 24 h of confinement with repeated handling. Mean urinary testosterone concentrations increased 2 h after capture, were significantly elevated above initial concentrations at 5 h, and then declined. Mean testosterone concentrations remained elevated 24 h after capture. Mean urinary corticosterone concentrations increased after capture, were significantly elevated above initial concentrations at 2 h, and remained elevated thereafter. This is the first report in amphibians of an increase in testosterone excretion after capture from the wild, with previous studies showing either no change or decline in testosterone. This finding may be associated with the mating strategy and maintenance of reproductive effort in the cane toad, a species that shows explosive breeding and agonistic male–male interactions during breeding. The finding that testosterone excretion increases rather than decreases after capture in male cane toads shows that it should not be generally assumed that reproductive hormone secretion will decrease after capture in amphibians.

scholarly journals Benefits of a Short-Term Obesity Reduction Intervention Among Obese Older Adults with Prediabetes: Preliminary Evidence by Race (Black/White) from the EGGSPDITe Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1662-1662
Author(s):  
Marshall Miller ◽  
Michael Borack ◽  
Jamie Rincker ◽  
Shelley McDonald ◽  
Kathryn Porter Starr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Time Interaction

Abstract Objectives Obesity rates in older adults are rapidly climbing, especially in older African Americans, for whom it hastens functional decline and intensifies chronic health conditions like Type 2 diabetes more so than in their white counterparts. Emerging evidence suggest that increased protein intake can enhance the benefits of intentional weight loss but it is not yet known whether these effects are consistent across race. Methods The ongoing EGGSPDITe trial assess the effects of combining generous intakes of high quality animal protein (≥30 g/meal; primarily from eggs) with calorie restriction, relative to calorie restricted alone, on insulin resistance and weight loss among black and white older adults with prediabetes who are participating in this 4-month obesity reduction intervention. Results Preliminary combined-group analysis reveals significant reductions in body weight (–9.7 ± 7.6 kg), body fat (–8.1 ± 7.6 kg), and HbA1c (–0.2 ± 0.3%) and significant improvement in SF-36 physical and mental health composites (+10.8 and + 4.8, respectively; Ps < 0.01) at 4 months, relative to baseline. Significant improvements in 6-minute walk distance and 8-foot up and go (Ps ≤ 0.05) at 4 months; however, a significant race x time interaction (P < 0.05) reveals that improvements in 30-second chair stands improved among white but not black participants (+2.4 vs 0.4 stands, respectively). No other significant differences were observed between older black and white pre-diabetics. Conclusions These preliminary findings suggest that even short-term obesity reduction intervention can improve the body composition, metabolism, and self-reported health of obese older adults with prediabetes but responses may vary by race for some outcomes. Funding Sources This study was funded by the National Institute on Aging and the Egg Nutrition Council.

scholarly journals Effect of IRAK-M on Airway Inflammation Induced by Cigarette Smoking

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haihong Gong ◽  
Tao Liu ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Weixun Zhou ◽  
Jinming Gao
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Airway Inflammation ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Costimulatory Molecules ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Elevated Expression ◽  
Lower Expression

Background. IRAK-M, negatively regulating Toll-like receptor, is shown the dual properties in the varied disease contexts. We studied the effect of IRAK-M deficiency on cigarette smoking- (CS-) induced airway inflammation under acute or subacute conditions in a mouse model. Methods. A number of cellular and molecular techniques were used to detect the differences between IRAK-M knockout (KO) and wild type (WT) mice exposed to 3-day or 7-week CS. Results. Airway inflammation was comparable between IRAK-M KO and WT mice under 3-day CS exposure. Upon short-term CS exposure and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inhalation, IRAK-M KO mice demonstrated worse airway inflammation, significantly higher percentage of Th17 cells and concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines in the lungs, and significantly elevated expression of costimulatory molecules CD40 and CD86 by lung dendritic cells (DCs) or macrophages. Conversely, 7-week CS exposed IRAK-M KO mice demonstrated significantly attenuated airway inflammation, significantly lower concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines in the lungs, significantly increased percentage of Tregs, and lower expression of CD11b and CD86 by lung DCs or macrophages. Conclusions. IRAK-M plays distinctive effect on CS-induced airway inflammation, and influences Treg/Th17 balance and expression of costimulatory molecules by DCs and macrophages, depending on duration and intensity of stimulus.

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