scholarly journals Helpful Data, but Less Certainty

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 101-102
Author(s):  
Warren T. Blume
Keyword(s):  
Incidental Findings ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Febrile Seizures ◽  
Mesial Temporal Sclerosis ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Tertiary Institutions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Pediatric Brain

Childhood Mesial Temporal Sclerosis. Ng YT, McGregor AL, Duane DC, Jahnke HK, Bird CR, Wheless JW. J Child Neurol 2006;21(6):512–517. The prevalence and clinical characteristics of mesial temporal sclerosis have not been well studied in children. All brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reports of children less than 14 years of age were reviewed from two tertiary institutions. A 52-month period from one institution and a 37-month period from the other were reviewed. All reports of definite or possible mesial temporal sclerosis were noted. These patients’ MRIs were then reviewed to confirm the MRI diagnostic criteria of mesial temporal sclerosis. The charts of the patients who satisfied these criteria were reviewed in detail. Three thousand one hundred brain MRI reports were reviewed. Twenty-six reports of mesial temporal sclerosis were found. Twenty-four of the 26 films satisfied the criteria of mesial temporal sclerosis by MRI after the films were reviewed. The prevalence among all pediatric brain MRI studies was 0.77%. All patients had presented with seizures, that is, there were no “incidental” findings of mesial temporal sclerosis. Four patients had a history of febrile seizures. Mesial temporal sclerosis is an uncommon finding in children, but when it occurs, it is always associated with epilepsy. Asymptomatic mesial temporal sclerosis or mesial temporal sclerosis not associated with a seizure disorder did not occur in our series. Febrile seizures can occur in association with mesial temporal sclerosis presenting in childhood.

scholarly journals Ocular flutter as presenting manifestation of pediatric MOG antibody–associated demyelination: A case report

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianthi Breza ◽  
Nikoletta Smyrni ◽  
Georgios Koutsis ◽  
Evangelos Anagnostou ◽  
John Tzartos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Oligoclonal Bands ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Ocular Flutter ◽  
Demyelinating Lesions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mog Antibodies ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Csf Oligoclonal Bands

A 13-year-old girl presented with a 5-day history of oscillopsia. On examination, ocular flutter and mild cerebellar signs were found. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed four periventricular and subcortical non-enhancing lesions. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) oligoclonal bands were negative. Neuroblastoma or other malignancies were not found. She responded well to a corticosteroid–intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) combination and remained symptom-free for 3 years until presenting again with isolated ocular flutter. Brain MRI at this time remained atypical for classic multiple sclerosis (MS) with a predominance of juxtacortical demyelinating lesions. CSF was positive for oligoclonal bands. Serum myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies were present. Ocular flutter can be the presenting feature of MOG antibody–associated pediatric demyelination.

INCIDENTAL FINDINGS ON BRAIN MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI) IN PEDIATRIC ENDOCRINE PATIENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1105-1114
Author(s):  
Avivit Brener ◽  
Danil A. Kozyrev ◽  
Shelly I. Shiran ◽  
Erez Azoulay ◽  
Li-tal Pratt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Incidental Findings ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Growth Disturbances ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Objective: To explore incidental findings on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of pediatric patients referred due to endocrine disorders. Methods: A retrospective, observational study conducted in a tertiary referral center. The neuroimaging database of 17,445 brain MRI studies of 11,011 pediatric patients were searched for cases with endocrine referrals and without medical history of malignancy, genetic syndromes, and/or neurologic comorbidities. This database was linked to the pediatric neurosurgical database. Clinical data were retrieved from medical files. Results: In total, 524 patients (50.2% males, mean age 8.5 ± 3.5 years) were referred to brain MRI due to growth disturbances (n = 313), pubertal disorders (n = 183), prolactin hypersecretion (n = 18), central diabetes insipidus (n = 8), and obesity (n = 1). Incidental findings were found in 128 (24.4%) cases. Chiari type 1 malformation was more prevalent in patients with growth disturbances ( P<.001). Small pituitary cysts were observed in 20 (3.8%) patients, and pineal cysts in 25 (4.8%) patients, mostly girls (68%, P<.001). White matter lesions were diagnosed in 30 (5.7%) patients, none with clinical evidence of neurologic disease. Brain asymmetry without clinical significance and developmental venous anomalies were observed in 14 (2.7%) and 8 (1.5%) patients, respectively. Twelve patients were diagnosed with intracranial tumors, and 5 required surgical intervention for a histopathologic diagnosis of juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma (n = 3), choroid plexus papilloma (n = 1), or inconclusive (n = 1). The rest were managed conservatively. Conclusion: Incidental findings on brain MRIs of pediatric patients referred by endocrinologists are common and raise dilemmas. The spectrum ranges from structural disruptions to tumors. Decision-making is individualized and patient-centered. Abbreviations: CPP = central precocious puberty; DI = diabetes insipidus; DVA = developmental venous anomaly; GHD = growth hormone deficiency; MPHD = multiple pituitary hormone deficiency; MRI = magnetic resonance imaging; RCC = Rathke cleft cyst

Yield of Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Epilepsy Diagnosis from 1998 to 2020: A Large Retrospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomer Stern ◽  
Liora Kornreich ◽  
Hadassa Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Focal Epilepsy ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Infantile Spasms ◽  
Mesial Temporal Sclerosis ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Brain Abnormalities ◽  
Epilepsy Diagnosis

Abstract Background We aimed to find the clinical significance of brain abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in epilepsy and the lateralization of these findings with electroencephalogram (EEG). Methods We retrospectively analyzed the results of all EEGs and brain MRIs of 600 consecutive epilepsy patients from 1998 to 2020. Results Data were available for 563 cases (267 females). Ninety percent of the patients were 18 years old or younger. A total of 345 patients (61.3%) had focal epilepsy, 180 (32%), generalized, and 38 (6.7%), inconclusive. In 187 (33.2%), the first MRI was abnormal and in 81 (out of 108 repeated MRI), the second was pathological. The most frequent brain abnormalities were cortical dysplasia in 41 (18.1%), other structural abnormalities in 25 (11%), various phacomatoses in 23 (10.1%), and mesial temporal sclerosis in 17 (7.5%). Among 226 patients with abnormal MRI, 171 (75.6%) had focal epilepsy when compared with 36 (15.9%) with generalized epilepsy (p <0.001). In 121 patients (53.5%), the result of the abnormal MRI contributed significantly to the understanding of the epilepsy etiology. The side of abnormality was lateralized to the EEG focus in 120 cases (53%); in 10/15 cases with infantile spasms (66%), MRI was significantly abnormal. In 33, in whom the first MRI was normal, a second MRI revealed a significant abnormality. Conclusion Brain MRI is an important tool in epilepsy diagnosis, mainly in focal seizures and infantile spasms. A repeat MRI is mandatory in intractable focal cases to improve the yield of this test.

scholarly journals Can we evaluate cranial aneurysms on conventional brain magnetic resonance imaging?

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (01) ◽  
pp. 83-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emine Caliskan ◽  
Yeliz Pekcevik ◽  
Adnan Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Vascular Structures ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Age Range

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the contribution of conventional brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the determination of intracranial aneurysms. Materials and Methods: Brain MRI and computed tomography angiography (CTA) of 45 patients (29 women and 16 men; age range, 32–80 years) with aneurysm were analyzed. A comparison was made between brain MRI and CTA based on size and presence of aneurysm. The comparisons between MRI and CTA were investigated through Bland-Altman graphics, receiver operating characteristic curve, and Kappa statistics. Results: Fifty-seven aneurysms were evaluated. Forty-five percent of 57 aneurysms on CTA were detected on conventional brain MRI. A significant correlation was found between CTA and brain MRI in the diagnosis of aneurysm (P < 0.05). In an analysis of the size measurement, a significant correlation was observed between CTA and brain MRI. Seventy-seven percent of aneurysms <4 mm was not detected and the efficiency of MRI in the detection of aneurysms <4 mm was found to be low. Conclusion: Aneurysms can also be appreciated on conventional brain MRI, and vascular structures should be reviewed carefully while analyzing brain MRI.

The Implications of Brain MRI in Autism Spectrum Disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (14) ◽  
pp. 1611-1616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison S. Cooper ◽  
Eron Friedlaender ◽  
Susan E. Levy ◽  
Karuna V. Shekdar ◽  
Andrea Bennett Bradford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Neurologic Examination ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Low Prevalence

Our objective was to describe the types of providers who refer children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) for brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the referral reason, and MRI results. The most common referral reasons were autism spectrum disorder with seizures (33.7%), autism spectrum disorder alone (26.3%), and autism spectrum disorder with abnormal neurologic examination or preexisting finding (24%). Neurology (62.5%), general pediatric (22.3%), and developmental/behavioral practitioners (8.9%) referred the most patients. The prevalence of definite pathology was highest in children referred for autism spectrum disorder with abnormal neurologic examination/preexisting finding (26.2%, 95% CI: 16.8%-36%), headaches (25.7%, 95% CI: 11.2%-40.2%), or seizures (22%, 95% CI: 14.6%-29.5%), and was lowest in children referred for autism spectrum disorder alone (6.5%, 95% CI: 1.5%-11.6%). We concluded that there is a low prevalence of definite pathology in children with autism spectrum disorder undergoing brain MRI. In children with abnormal neurologic examination or preexisting finding, seizures, or headaches, one may consider performing brain MRI given the higher prevalence of pathology.

Parahippocampal Corpora Amylacea

Neurosurgery ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. E1206-E1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor J. Abel ◽  
Adam O. Hebb ◽  
C. Dirk Keene ◽  
Donald E. Born ◽  
Daniel L. Silbergeld
Keyword(s):  
Hippocampal Sclerosis ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
High Density ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Corpora Amylacea ◽  
Hypoxic Injury ◽  
Migraine Headaches ◽  
History Of ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Abstract OBJECTIVE Corpora amylacea (CA) normally accumulate within perivascular, subpial, and subependymal astrocytic processes. CA are associated with a number of conditions including normal aging, hippocampal sclerosis associated with temporal lobe epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, Lafora-type progressive myoclonic epilepsy, and adult polyglucosan body disease. Reports of massive localized accumulation of CA in the brain outside of these conditions are rare. CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 49-year-old woman, with a long-standing history of migraine headaches, presented to her primary care provider for increased headache duration. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a left parahippocampal lesion, suggestive of low-grade glioma. INTERVENTION Given the MRI suggestive of left parahippocampal glioma, left-sided frontotemporal craniotomy was performed for resection of the lesion. Specimens obtained during the operation revealed focal high-density accumulation of CA with no evidence of neoplasm, ischemia, or hypoxic injury. CONCLUSION This case illustrates the possibility that localized high-density CA accumulation can present as an intrinsic lesion on brain MRI. CA should be included in the differential diagnosis for patients presenting with brain MRI suggestive of nonenhancing space-occupying lesions.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Findings of Neonates with Clinical Seizure Admitted to Yazd Shahid Sadoughi Hospital and its Effect on Diagnostic and Therapeutic Interventions of Newborns from 2015-2016

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Razieh Fallah ◽  
Mohammad Javad Asadi ◽  
Reza Nafisi Moghadam ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Ahrar Yazdi
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Clinical Seizure ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Abnormal Brain

Introduction: In neonatal period, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the best neuroimaging to find etiology of seizure. The aim of this study was to evaluate brain MRI findings of neonates with clinical seizure and its effect on diagnostic and therapeutic interventions of newborn. Methods: In a retrospective study, medical records and brain MRI findings of neonates with clinical seizure admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit or Pediatric Ward of Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Yazd, Iran from September 2018 and before were evaluated. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 software , the required indicators and tables were prepared and Fisher exact test and Chi-square test were used to determine the relationship between qualitative variables and independent t-test was used to compare the means in the two groups Results: Twenty-five girls and 38 boys were studied. The cause of seizures was found in 94% and the most common cause of congenital hypoxia was in 22 infants (35%). The most common type of seizure was tonic in 23 infants (36.5%) and the most common type of generalized seizure was in 47 infants (75%). Brain MRI was abnormal in 19 neonates (30%). Based on the MRI results, there was a change in therapeutic interventions (brain surgery) in four infants (6.3%) and in diagnostic interventions (metabolic tests) in 19 infants (30%). Abnormal brain MRI was more frequent in neonates by cesarean section (46%)  than  normal vaginal delivery (19%), (p= 0.01) and also neonates with partial seizure (37.5%) had an abnormal MRI than  generalized seizure (21%), (p= 0.03). Mean of hospitalization days was longer in neonates with abnormal brain MRI (12.32±2.76 days) than neonates with normal MRI (8.57±2.82 days) (P = 0.02). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, brain MRI might be useful in finding intracranial pathology that causes seizure in neonates by cesarean section to detect birth asphyxia and in newborns with partial seizure.  

scholarly journals Slowly expanding/evolving lesions as a magnetic resonance imaging marker of chronic active multiple sclerosis lesions

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (14) ◽  
pp. 1915-1925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colm Elliott ◽  
Jerry S Wolinsky ◽  
Stephen L Hauser ◽  
Ludwig Kappos ◽  
Frederik Barkhof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Jacobian Determinant ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
T2 Lesions ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Background: Chronic lesion activity driven by smoldering inflammation is a pathological hallmark of progressive forms of multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective: To develop a method for automatic detection of slowly expanding/evolving lesions (SELs) on conventional brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and characterize such SELs in primary progressive MS (PPMS) and relapsing MS (RMS) populations. Methods: We defined SELs as contiguous regions of existing T2 lesions showing local expansion assessed by the Jacobian determinant of the deformation between reference and follow-up scans. SEL candidates were assigned a heuristic score based on concentricity and constancy of change in T2- and T1-weighted MRIs. SELs were examined in 1334 RMS patients and 555 PPMS patients. Results: Compared with RMS patients, PPMS patients had higher numbers of SELs ( p = 0.002) and higher T2 volumes of SELs ( p < 0.001). SELs were devoid of gadolinium enhancement. Compared with areas of T2 lesions not classified as SEL, SELs had significantly lower T1 intensity at baseline and larger decrease in T1 intensity over time. Conclusion: We suggest that SELs reflect chronic tissue loss in the absence of ongoing acute inflammation. SELs may represent a conventional brain MRI correlate of chronic active MS lesions and a candidate biomarker for smoldering inflammation in MS.

scholarly journals Walker-Warburg syndrome: report of two cases

1999 ◽  
Vol 57 (3A) ◽  
pp. 672-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCIO M. VASCONCELOS ◽  
CÁSSIA R. GUEDES ◽  
ROMEU C. DOMINGUES ◽  
RAUL N. G. VIANNA ◽  
MARCIO SOTERO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Index Case ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Congenital Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Retrospective Diagnosis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Severe Hydrocephalus ◽  
Syndrome Report

The purpose of this study is to describe two infants that were diagnosed with Walker-Warburg syndrome (WWS), a rare form of congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD).They were studied in their clinical, laboratory, and neuroradiologic features. The index case had a brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the second patient had a head computerized tomography (CT). In addition, a literature review was performed to describe the main forms of CMD. The index case fulfilled all criteria for WWS. A brain MRI performed at age 4 months served to corroborate the clinical diagnosis, showing severe hydrocephalus, type II lissencephaly, cerebellar vermian aplasia, and a hypoplastic brain stem. The authors were able to establish a retrospective diagnosis of WWS in the index case's older sister, based upon her clinical picture and head CT report.

Hereditary Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome and multiple sclerosis

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A Cabrera-Gómez ◽  
N Echazabal-Santana ◽  
Y Real-González ◽  
K Romero García ◽  
Manuel Junior Sobrinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Facial Paralysis ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Oligoclonal Bands ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Csf Oligoclonal Bands

The revision of MEDLINE from 1966 to 2003 did not report any association between multiple sclerosis (MS) and Melkersson—Rosenthal syndrome (MRS). This is a case report of a 51-year-old woman, with history of four recurrent Bell’s palsies. In 1999 she developed a right facial paralysis due to a supranuclear pyramidal lesion with right monoparesis. The family history showed five relatives with recurrent Bell’s paralysis and plicata tongue. Physical examination: right Bell’s paralysis, left supranuclear facial paralysis, furrowed tongue, right hemiparesis with pallor of the optic disks. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated the typical lesions of MS and CSF oligoclonal bands. This is the first observation of a patient with hereditary MRS and MS. The link between both diseases is discussed.

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