Parahippocampal Corpora Amylacea

Neurosurgery ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. E1206-E1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor J. Abel ◽  
Adam O. Hebb ◽  
C. Dirk Keene ◽  
Donald E. Born ◽  
Daniel L. Silbergeld
Keyword(s):  
Hippocampal Sclerosis ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
High Density ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Corpora Amylacea ◽  
Hypoxic Injury ◽  
Migraine Headaches ◽  
History Of ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Abstract OBJECTIVE Corpora amylacea (CA) normally accumulate within perivascular, subpial, and subependymal astrocytic processes. CA are associated with a number of conditions including normal aging, hippocampal sclerosis associated with temporal lobe epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, Lafora-type progressive myoclonic epilepsy, and adult polyglucosan body disease. Reports of massive localized accumulation of CA in the brain outside of these conditions are rare. CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 49-year-old woman, with a long-standing history of migraine headaches, presented to her primary care provider for increased headache duration. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a left parahippocampal lesion, suggestive of low-grade glioma. INTERVENTION Given the MRI suggestive of left parahippocampal glioma, left-sided frontotemporal craniotomy was performed for resection of the lesion. Specimens obtained during the operation revealed focal high-density accumulation of CA with no evidence of neoplasm, ischemia, or hypoxic injury. CONCLUSION This case illustrates the possibility that localized high-density CA accumulation can present as an intrinsic lesion on brain MRI. CA should be included in the differential diagnosis for patients presenting with brain MRI suggestive of nonenhancing space-occupying lesions.

scholarly journals Ocular flutter as presenting manifestation of pediatric MOG antibody–associated demyelination: A case report

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianthi Breza ◽  
Nikoletta Smyrni ◽  
Georgios Koutsis ◽  
Evangelos Anagnostou ◽  
John Tzartos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Oligoclonal Bands ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Ocular Flutter ◽  
Demyelinating Lesions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mog Antibodies ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Csf Oligoclonal Bands

A 13-year-old girl presented with a 5-day history of oscillopsia. On examination, ocular flutter and mild cerebellar signs were found. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed four periventricular and subcortical non-enhancing lesions. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) oligoclonal bands were negative. Neuroblastoma or other malignancies were not found. She responded well to a corticosteroid–intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) combination and remained symptom-free for 3 years until presenting again with isolated ocular flutter. Brain MRI at this time remained atypical for classic multiple sclerosis (MS) with a predominance of juxtacortical demyelinating lesions. CSF was positive for oligoclonal bands. Serum myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies were present. Ocular flutter can be the presenting feature of MOG antibody–associated pediatric demyelination.

scholarly journals Helpful Data, but Less Certainty

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 101-102
Author(s):  
Warren T. Blume
Keyword(s):  
Incidental Findings ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Febrile Seizures ◽  
Mesial Temporal Sclerosis ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Tertiary Institutions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Pediatric Brain

Childhood Mesial Temporal Sclerosis. Ng YT, McGregor AL, Duane DC, Jahnke HK, Bird CR, Wheless JW. J Child Neurol 2006;21(6):512–517. The prevalence and clinical characteristics of mesial temporal sclerosis have not been well studied in children. All brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reports of children less than 14 years of age were reviewed from two tertiary institutions. A 52-month period from one institution and a 37-month period from the other were reviewed. All reports of definite or possible mesial temporal sclerosis were noted. These patients’ MRIs were then reviewed to confirm the MRI diagnostic criteria of mesial temporal sclerosis. The charts of the patients who satisfied these criteria were reviewed in detail. Three thousand one hundred brain MRI reports were reviewed. Twenty-six reports of mesial temporal sclerosis were found. Twenty-four of the 26 films satisfied the criteria of mesial temporal sclerosis by MRI after the films were reviewed. The prevalence among all pediatric brain MRI studies was 0.77%. All patients had presented with seizures, that is, there were no “incidental” findings of mesial temporal sclerosis. Four patients had a history of febrile seizures. Mesial temporal sclerosis is an uncommon finding in children, but when it occurs, it is always associated with epilepsy. Asymptomatic mesial temporal sclerosis or mesial temporal sclerosis not associated with a seizure disorder did not occur in our series. Febrile seizures can occur in association with mesial temporal sclerosis presenting in childhood.

Pediatric Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome: Two Unique Cases with a Review of all Reported Children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neelu Desai ◽  
Rahul Badheka ◽  
Nitin Shah ◽  
Vrajesh Udani
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Cerebral Vasoconstriction ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Reversible Encephalopathy ◽  
Mr Angiogram

AbstractReversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) has been well described in adults, but pediatric cases are yet under recognized. We describe two children with RCVS and review similar already published pediatric cases. The first patient was a 10-year-old girl who presented with severe headaches and seizures 3 days after blood transfusion. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed changes compatible with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Magnetic resonance angiogram showed diffuse vasoconstriction of multiple cerebral arteries. The second patient was a 9-year-old boy who presented with severe thunderclap headaches. Brain MRI showed isolated intraventricular hemorrhage. Computed tomography/MR angiogram and digital subtraction angiogram were normal. A week later, he developed focal neurological deficits. Repeated MR angiogram showed diffuse vasospasm of multiple intracranial arteries. Both children recovered completely. A clinico-radiological review of previously reported childhood RCVS is provided.

De novo convulsive status epilepticus in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with dalfampridine

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 618-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilie Panicucci ◽  
Mikael Cohen ◽  
Veronique Bourg ◽  
Fanny Rocher ◽  
Pierre Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Convulsive Status Epilepticus ◽  
Biological Tests ◽  
History Of ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
History Of Epilepsy

Background: Dalfampridine extended release (DAL) is a broad-spectrum voltage-gated potassium channel blocker that is indicated in multiple sclerosis to improve the nerve conduction of demyelinated axons. Seizures are a known side effect of DAL, which is contraindicated in patients with a history of epilepsy. Objective: Three cases of multiple sclerosis (MS) with de novo convulsive status epilepticus (CSE) probably related to dalfampridine administration are described. Methods: No patients had a history of seizures or renal impairment. Biological tests were normal. A brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed diffuse cortical and subcortical atrophy without active inflammatory lesions. Results: All three patients presented with CSE that was attributed to DAL and so was discontinued. Conclusion: These case reports illustrate that, aside from seizures, de novo CSE is a potential complication of MS patients treated with DAL.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Clinical Implications of Incidentally Detected Parotid Lesions as Blind Spot on Brain MRI: A Single-Center Experience

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 836
Author(s):  
In-Chul Nam ◽  
Hye-Jin Baek ◽  
Kyeong-Hwa Ryu ◽  
Jin-Il Moon ◽  
Eun Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Blind Spot ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Single Center Experience ◽  
Superficial Lobe ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Clinical Awareness ◽  
Low Prevalence

Background and objective: This study was conducted to assess the prevalence and clinical implications of parotid lesions detected incidentally during brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination. Materials and Methods: Between February 2016 and February 2021, we identified 86 lesions in the brain MRI reports of 84 patients that contained the words “parotid gland” or “PG”. Of these, we finally included 49 lesions involving 45 patients following histopathological confirmation. Results: Based on the laboratory, radiological or histopathological findings, the prevalence of incidental parotid lesions was low (1.2%). Among the 45 study patients, 41 (91.1%) had unilateral lesions, and the majority of the lesions were located in the superficial lobe (40/49, 81.6%). The mean size of the parotid lesions was 1.3 cm ± 0.4 cm (range, 0.5 cm–2.8 cm). Of these, 46 parotid lesions (93.9%) were benign, whereas the remaining three lesions were malignant (6.1%). Conclusions: Despite the low prevalence and incidence of malignancy associated with incidental parotid lesions detected on brain MRI, the clinical implications are potentially significant. Therefore, clinical awareness and appropriate imaging work-up of these lesions are important for accurate diagnosis and timely management.

scholarly journals Ensemble classification and segmentation for intracranial metastatic tumors on MRI images based on 2D U-nets

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Chung Li ◽  
Meng-Yun Wu ◽  
Ying-Chou Sun ◽  
Hung-Hsun Chen ◽  
Hsiu-Mei Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Contour Model ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Gamma Knife Radiosurgery ◽  
Imbalanced Data ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Ensemble Classification ◽  
Metastatic Tumors ◽  
Post Contrast ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

AbstractThe extraction of brain tumor tissues in 3D Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) plays an important role in diagnosis before the gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS). In this article, the post-contrast T1 whole-brain MRI images had been collected by Taipei Veterans General Hospital (TVGH) and stored in DICOM format (dated from 1999 to 2018). The proposed method starts with the active contour model to get the region of interest (ROI) automatically and enhance the image contrast. The segmentation models are trained by MRI images with tumors to avoid imbalanced data problem under model construction. In order to achieve this objective, a two-step ensemble approach is used to establish such diagnosis, first, classify whether there is any tumor in the image, and second, segment the intracranial metastatic tumors by ensemble neural networks based on 2D U-Net architecture. The ensemble for classification and segmentation simultaneously also improves segmentation accuracy. The result of classification achieves a F1-measure of $$75.64\%$$ 75.64 % , while the result of segmentation achieves an IoU of $$84.83\%$$ 84.83 % and a DICE score of $$86.21\%$$ 86.21 % . Significantly reduce the time for manual labeling from 30 min to 18 s per patient.

scholarly journals Can we evaluate cranial aneurysms on conventional brain magnetic resonance imaging?

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (01) ◽  
pp. 83-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emine Caliskan ◽  
Yeliz Pekcevik ◽  
Adnan Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Vascular Structures ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Age Range

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the contribution of conventional brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the determination of intracranial aneurysms. Materials and Methods: Brain MRI and computed tomography angiography (CTA) of 45 patients (29 women and 16 men; age range, 32–80 years) with aneurysm were analyzed. A comparison was made between brain MRI and CTA based on size and presence of aneurysm. The comparisons between MRI and CTA were investigated through Bland-Altman graphics, receiver operating characteristic curve, and Kappa statistics. Results: Fifty-seven aneurysms were evaluated. Forty-five percent of 57 aneurysms on CTA were detected on conventional brain MRI. A significant correlation was found between CTA and brain MRI in the diagnosis of aneurysm (P < 0.05). In an analysis of the size measurement, a significant correlation was observed between CTA and brain MRI. Seventy-seven percent of aneurysms <4 mm was not detected and the efficiency of MRI in the detection of aneurysms <4 mm was found to be low. Conclusion: Aneurysms can also be appreciated on conventional brain MRI, and vascular structures should be reviewed carefully while analyzing brain MRI.

Catamenial Synkinetic Retroauricular Pain

Cephalalgia ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
DE Jacome
Keyword(s):  
White Matter Hyperintensities ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Bell’S Palsy ◽  
Bell's Palsy ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Eye Closure ◽  
Facial Synkinesis

A report of two female patients with persistent unilateral retroauricular pain and cranial synkinesis following Bell's palsy. Pain occurred during menses in the first patient and was exacerbated by menses in the second patient. Retroauricular pain often precedes or follows Bell's palsy. Pain normally disappears within 2 weeks from the onset of paralysis. Neurological examination, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography of the head and cranial electrophysiological testing were performed. The first patient had severe right retroauricular pain during her menses for several years following Bell's palsy. Her brain MRI showed non-specific T2 white matter hyperintensities. On her electromyogram she had facial synkinesis with tonic motor unit discharges on her right orbicularis oris and mentalis muscles during sustained eye closure. The second patient reported hearing a sound over her left ear when she blinked or protruded her jaw after Bell's palsy. She had ipsilateral retroauricular pain, exacerbated during menses. Her brain MRI was normal. Electromyogram showed facial synkinesis. Chronic retroauricular pain, occurring or exacerbated during menses, may be a rare complication of Bell's palsy. It can be associated with facial subclinical synkinetic dystonia and trigemino-facial synkinesis.

scholarly journals A Novel SUCLA2 Mutation Presenting as a Complex Childhood Movement Disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caterina Garone ◽  
Juliana Gurgel-Giannetti ◽  
Simone Sanna-Cherchi ◽  
Sindu Krishna ◽  
Ali Naini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Movement Disorder ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Homozygous Mutation ◽  
Psychomotor Delay ◽  
Mtdna Depletion ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

SUCLA2 defects have been associated with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion and the triad of hypotonia, dystonia/Leigh-like syndrome, and deafness. A 9-year-old Brazilian boy of consanguineous parents presented with psychomotor delay, deafness, myopathy, ataxia, and chorea. Despite the prominent movement disorder, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was normal while 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) showed lactate peaks in the cerebral cortex and lateral ventricles. Decreased biochemical activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes containing mtDNA-encoded subunits and mtDNA depletion were observed in muscle and fibroblasts. A novel homozygous mutation in SUCLA2, the first one in the ligase coenzyme A (CoA) domain of the protein, was identified. Escalating doses of CoQ10 up to 2000 mg daily were associated with improvement of muscle weakness and stabilization of the disease course. The findings indicate the importance of screening for mitochondrial dysfunction in patients with complex movement disorders without brain MRI lesions and further investigation for potential secondary CoQ10 deficiency in patients with SUCLA2 mutations.

The Implications of Brain MRI in Autism Spectrum Disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (14) ◽  
pp. 1611-1616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison S. Cooper ◽  
Eron Friedlaender ◽  
Susan E. Levy ◽  
Karuna V. Shekdar ◽  
Andrea Bennett Bradford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Neurologic Examination ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Low Prevalence

Our objective was to describe the types of providers who refer children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) for brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the referral reason, and MRI results. The most common referral reasons were autism spectrum disorder with seizures (33.7%), autism spectrum disorder alone (26.3%), and autism spectrum disorder with abnormal neurologic examination or preexisting finding (24%). Neurology (62.5%), general pediatric (22.3%), and developmental/behavioral practitioners (8.9%) referred the most patients. The prevalence of definite pathology was highest in children referred for autism spectrum disorder with abnormal neurologic examination/preexisting finding (26.2%, 95% CI: 16.8%-36%), headaches (25.7%, 95% CI: 11.2%-40.2%), or seizures (22%, 95% CI: 14.6%-29.5%), and was lowest in children referred for autism spectrum disorder alone (6.5%, 95% CI: 1.5%-11.6%). We concluded that there is a low prevalence of definite pathology in children with autism spectrum disorder undergoing brain MRI. In children with abnormal neurologic examination or preexisting finding, seizures, or headaches, one may consider performing brain MRI given the higher prevalence of pathology.

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