scholarly journals System Perspectives of Experts and Farmers Regarding the Role of Livelihood Assets in Risk Perception: Results from the Structured Mental Model Approach

Risk Analysis ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina Schoell ◽  
Claudia R. Binder
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Mental Model ◽  
Livelihood Assets ◽  
Model Approach

The role of affect in travel risk perception: a new research agenda

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
I-Chieh Michelle Yang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Psychological Process ◽  
Related Research ◽  
Risk Research ◽  
Conceptual Paper ◽  
New Research

This conceptual paper proposes a new research agenda in travel risk research by understanding the role of affect. Extant scholarship tends to focus on travel risk perception or assessment as a cognitive psychological process. However, despite the phenomenal growth of the tourism industry globally, research related to travel risk perception remains stagnant with no significant breakthrough. Drawing on the existing empirical evidences in risk-related research, this paper asserts that affect plays a potent role in influencing travel risk perception – positive affect leads to more positive travel risk perception, vice versa. In this paper, existing empirical evidences and theories are presented to provide support for this proposition.

scholarly journals Children’s Astronomy. Development of the Shape of the Earth Concept in Polish Children between 5 and 10 Years of Age

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Jan Amos Jelinek
Keyword(s):  
Mental Model ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Test Results ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Spherical Earth ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level ◽  
Cognitive Problems ◽  
Teaching Situations ◽  
Model Approach

The Earth’s shape concept develops as consecutive cognitive problems (e.g., the location of people and trees on the spherical Earth) are gradually resolved. Establishing the order of problem solving may be important for the organisation of teaching situations. This study attempted to determine the sequence of problems to be resolved based on tasks included in the EARTH2 test. The study covered a group of 444 children between 5 and 10 years of age. It captured the order in which children solve cognitive problems on the way to constructing a science-like concept. The test results were compared with previous studies. The importance of cultural influences connected to significant differences (24%) in test results was emphasised. Attention was drawn to the problem of the consistency of the mental model approach highlighted in the literature. The analysis of the individual sets of answers provided a high level of consistency of indications referring to the same model (36%), emphasising the importance of the concept of mental models.

scholarly journals A review of public acceptance of nature-based solutions: The ‘why’, ‘when’, and ‘how’ of success for disaster risk reduction measures

AMBIO ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl C. Anderson ◽  
Fabrice G. Renaud
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Public Acceptance ◽  
Societal Challenges ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Risk Reduction Measures

AbstractNature-based solutions (NbS) are increasingly recognized as sustainable approaches to address societal challenges. Disaster risk reduction (DRR) has benefited by moving away from purely ‘grey’ infrastructure measures towards NbS. However, this shift also furthers an increasing trend of reliance on public acceptance to plan, implement and manage DRR measures. In this review, we examine how unique NbS characteristics relate to public acceptance through a comparison with grey measures, and we identify influential acceptance factors related to individuals, society, and DRR measures. Based on the review, we introduce the PA-NbS model that highlights the role of risk perception, trust, competing societal interests, and ecosystem services. Efforts to increase acceptance should focus on providing and promoting awareness of benefits combined with effective communication and collaboration. Further research is required to understand interconnections among identified factors and how they can be leveraged for the success and further uptake of NbS.

scholarly journals Impact of tumor-parenchyma biomechanics on liver metastatic progression: a multi-model approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yafei Wang ◽  
Erik Brodin ◽  
Kenichiro Nishii ◽  
Hermann B. Frieboes ◽  
Shannon M. Mumenthaler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Constitutive Relations ◽  
Elastic Tissue ◽  
Metastatic Progression ◽  
Patient Death ◽  
Metastatic Growth ◽  
Tumor Parenchyma ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Model Approach

AbstractColorectal cancer and other cancers often metastasize to the liver in later stages of the disease, contributing significantly to patient death. While the biomechanical properties of the liver parenchyma (normal liver tissue) are known to affect tumor cell behavior in primary and metastatic tumors, the role of these properties in driving or inhibiting metastatic inception remains poorly understood, as are the longer-term multicellular dynamics. This study adopts a multi-model approach to study the dynamics of tumor-parenchyma biomechanical interactions during metastatic seeding and growth. We employ a detailed poroviscoelastic model of a liver lobule to study how micrometastases disrupt flow and pressure on short time scales. Results from short-time simulations in detailed single hepatic lobules motivate constitutive relations and biological hypotheses for a minimal agent-based model of metastatic growth in centimeter-scale tissue over months-long time scales. After a parameter space investigation, we find that the balance of basic tumor-parenchyma biomechanical interactions on shorter time scales (adhesion, repulsion, and elastic tissue deformation over minutes) and longer time scales (plastic tissue relaxation over hours) can explain a broad range of behaviors of micrometastases, without the need for complex molecular-scale signaling. These interactions may arrest the growth of micrometastases in a dormant state and prevent newly arriving cancer cells from establishing successful metastatic foci. Moreover, the simulations indicate ways in which dormant tumors could “reawaken” after changes in parenchymal tissue mechanical properties, as may arise during aging or following acute liver illness or injury. We conclude that the proposed modeling approach yields insight into the role of tumor-parenchyma biomechanics in promoting liver metastatic growth, and advances the longer term goal of identifying conditions to clinically arrest and reverse the course of late-stage cancer.

scholarly journals How Does Metro Maintenance Staff’s Risk Perception Influence Safety Citizenship Behavior—The Mediating Role of Safety Attitude

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5466
Author(s):  
Huaiyuan Zhai ◽  
Mengjie Li ◽  
Shengyue Hao ◽  
Mingli Chen ◽  
Lingchen Kong
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Accident Rate ◽  
Human Errors ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Safety Attitude

The accident rate is high in subway maintenance work, and most of the accidents are caused by human factors, especially the lack of sensitivity to risk perception, the lack of rigorous attitude towards safety and the lack of safe citizenship behavior (SCB). Therefore, it is very important to study the risk perception (RP), safety attitude (SA) and SCB of metro maintenance staff in order to reduce the accident rate. In order to reduce human errors and accidents, this study analyzed the influence of metro maintenance staff’s RP on their SCB and the mediating role of SA. Based on previous studies, this paper uses the risk perception scale, safety attitude scale and safety citizenship behavior scale as research tools. A survey was administered at the Subway Company, and altogether 268 valid questionnaires were used, and the data were analyzed by SPSS19.0 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA) and AMOS 24.0 (IBM, Armonk, New York, NY, USA). The result reveals that SA plays a complete mediating role between metro maintenance staff’s RP and their SCB; and SA has a positive influence on SCB; RP has a positive influence on SA; and SA positively predicts SCB.

Research on the influence of relation embeddedness on innovation performance of manufacturing supply chain alliances using expert fuzzy rule –intermediary role of shared mental model

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Guo Lifang ◽  
Cui Yuwen ◽  
Wu Yamin ◽  
Ma Jiaqi
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Mental Model ◽  
Fuzzy Rule ◽  
Innovation Performance ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Shared Mental Model ◽  
Rule Based System ◽  
Manufacturing Supply Chain ◽  
Intermediary Role

The innovation and development of manufacturing supply chain alliance is an important way for enterprises to meet the increasing market demand and maintain the competitive advantage. From the perspective of embeddedness, the research model of relation embeddedness on innovation performance of manufacturing supply chain was constructed based on AMOS. Shared mental model was selected as intermediary variable to study the influence of relation embeddedness, shared mental model and innovation performance of manufacturing supply chain alliances. Expert fuzzy rule based system is utilized for measuring the performance of manufacturing supply chain alliances. The conclusion shows that relation embeddedness is significantly positive shared mental model and innovation performance. Shared mental model is positively affects alliance innovation performance and plays a part of intermediary role between relational embedding and alliance innovation performance. Practice implicates that enhance the level of relation embeddedness can promote the formation of shared mental model and improve the innovation performance of manufacturing supply chain alliance.

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