Emotional vulnerability and cognitive control in patients with bipolar disorder and their healthy siblings: a pilot study

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin Houshmand ◽  
Peter Bräunig ◽  
Siegfried Gauggel ◽  
Katrin Kliesow ◽  
Rahul Sarkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Emotional Arousal ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Healthy Siblings ◽  
Emotional Vulnerability

Scheuch K, Bräunig P, Gauggel S, Kliesow K, Sarkar R, Krüger S. Emotional vulnerability and cognitive control in patients with bipolar disorder and their healthy siblings: a pilot study.Objective:There is evidence that, even in remission, patients with bipolar disorder (BD) have deficits in cognitive function and emotional regulation. Siblings of patients with BD are also reported to exhibit minor dysfunction in neuropsychological domains. In this study, we examined the interference of acute mood state with reaction time (RT) and response inhibition in euthymic patients with BD, in their healthy siblings and in healthy controls.Methods:A total of 34 patients with bipolar I disorder, 22 healthy siblings and 33 healthy controls performed a stop-signal paradigm after induction of a transient intense sadness and a relaxed mood state. The differences in RT and the response inhibition were compared between the groups.Results:Euthymic patients with BD displayed a higher emotional reactivity compared with their siblings and with controls. Compared with controls, patients with BD showed longer RTs in a relaxed mood state and a delay in response inhibition during emotional activation.Conclusions:The present study provides evidence for the clinical observation that patients with BD have shorter RTs when in a state of emotional arousal rather than in a relaxed state. Inhibitory deficits in these patients may be because of a too strong emotional arousal. The results show that in patients with BD, relaxation and emotional arousal are inversely associated with performance in a neuropsychological task. This is in contrast to findings in healthy individuals suggesting a dysbalance in emotional regulation in these patients.

scholarly journals Longitudinal changes in brain activation during anticipation of monetary loss in bipolar disorder

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (16) ◽  
pp. 2781-2788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Manelis ◽  
Richelle Stiffler ◽  
Jeanette C. Lockovich ◽  
Jorge R. C. Almeida ◽  
Haris A. Aslam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Emotional Arousal ◽  
Occipital Cortex ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Longitudinal Changes ◽  
The Right ◽  
Cue Processing

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with bipolar disorder (BD) show aberrant brain activation patterns during reward and loss anticipation. We examined for the first time longitudinal changes in brain activation during win and loss anticipation to identify trait markers of aberrant anticipatory processing in BD.MethodsThirty-four euthymic and depressed individuals with BD-I and 17 healthy controls (HC) were scanned using functional magnetic resonance imaging twice 6 months apart during a reward task.ResultsHC, but not individuals with BD, showed longitudinal reductions in the right lateral occipital cortex (RLOC) activation during processing of cues predicting possible money loss (p-corrected <0.05). This result was not affected by psychotropic medication, mood state or the changes in depression/mania severity between the two scans in BD. Elevated symptoms of subthreshold hypo/mania at baseline predicted more aberrant longitudinal patterns of RLOC activation explaining 12.5% of variance in individuals with BD.ConclusionsIncreased activation in occipital cortex during negative outcome anticipation may be related to elevated negative emotional arousal during anticipatory cue processing. One interpretation is that, unlike HC, individuals with BD were not able to learn at baseline that monetary losses were smaller than monetary gains and were not able to reduce emotional arousal for negative cues 6 months later. Future research in BD should examine how modulating occipital cortical activation affects learning from experience in individuals with BD.

scholarly journals Meta-analysis of Theory of Mind (ToM) impairment in bipolar disorder

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bora ◽  
C. Bartholomeusz ◽  
C. Pantelis
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Interpersonal Problems ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Manic Symptoms ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundTheory of mind (ToM) dysfunction is prominent in a number of psychiatric disorders, in particular, autism and schizophrenia, and can play a significant role in poor functioning. There is now emerging evidence suggesting that ToM abilities are also impaired in bipolar disorder (BP); however, the relationship between ToM deficits and mood state is not clear.MethodWe conducted a meta-analysis of ToM studies in BP. Thirty-four studies comparing 1214 patients with BP and 1097 healthy controls were included. BP groups included remitted (18 samples, 545 BP patients), subsyndromal (12 samples, 510 BP patients), and acute (manic and/or depressed) (10 samples, 159 BP patients) patients.ResultsToM performance was significantly impaired in BP compared to controls. This impairment was evident across different types of ToM tasks (including affective/cognitive and verbal/visual) and was also evident in strictly euthymic patients with BP (d = 0.50). There were no significant differences between remitted and subsyndromal samples. However, ToM deficit was significantly more severe during acute episodes (d = 1.23). ToM impairment was significantly associated with neurocognitive and particularly with manic symptoms.ConclusionSignificant but modest sized ToM dysfunction is evident in remitted and subsyndromal BP. Acute episodes are associated with more robust ToM deficits. Exacerbation of ToM deficits may contribute to the more significant interpersonal problems observed in patients with acute or subsyndromal manic symptoms. There is a need for longitudinal studies comparing the developmental trajectory of ToM deficits across the course of the illness.

scholarly journals A pilot study of positive mood induction in euthymic bipolar subjects compared with healthy controls

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 1213-1218 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNE FARMER ◽  
DOMINIC LAM ◽  
BARBARA SAHAKIAN ◽  
JONATHON ROISER ◽  
AILBHE BURKE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Mood Induction ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Visual Analogue Scales ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Happy Mood ◽  
Analogue Scales

Background. Demonstrating differences between euthymic bipolar subjects and healthy controls in response to positive (happy) mood induction may help elucidate how mania evolves. This pilot study evaluates the Go task in a reward paradigm as a method for inducing a happy mood state and compares the response of euthymic bipolar subjects and healthy controls.Method. The Sense of Hyperpositive Self Scale, the Tellegen positive and negative adjectives, the Global-Local task and a visual analogue scale for measuring positive affect were administered to 15 euthymic bipolar subjects and 19 age-and-sex-matched healthy control subjects before and after they had performed the Go task in a reward paradigm.Results. Significant differences were found between subjects and controls on several measures at each time-point but there were no differences across the groups across time except for the visual analogue scales, where subjects had a more sustained duration in self-reported happiness compared with controls.Conclusions. This pilot study has shown that a positive affect can be induced in bipolar subjects and controls which can be demonstrated by changes in scores on several tasks. However, only the visual analogue scales showed a significant difference between cases and controls over time. Such tests may prove valuable in furthering understanding about the evolution of manic mood states.

Structural correlates of trait impulsivity in patients with bipolar disorder and healthy controls: a surface-based morphometry study

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 1292-1299 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Tu ◽  
Y. H. Kuan ◽  
C. T. Li ◽  
T. P. Su
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Clinical Evaluations ◽  
Trait Impulsivity ◽  
The Right ◽  
Surface Based Morphometry

BackgroundPatients with bipolar disorder (BD) frequently exhibit impulsive behaviors independent of their mood state, and trait impulsivity is increasingly recognized as a crucial BD biomarker. This study aimed to investigate structural correlates of trait impulsivity measured using the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) in healthy controls (HCs) and patients with BD.MethodWe recruited 59 patients diagnosed with BD I or BD II (35.3 ± 8.5 years) and 56 age- and sex-matched HCs (33.9 ± 7.4 years). Participants underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging and clinical evaluations, and their BIS scores were evaluated. An automated surface-based method (FreeSurfer) was used to measure cortical thickness and generate thickness maps for each participant. Brain-wise regression analysis of the association between cortical thickness and BIS scores was performed separately for BD and HC groups by using a general linear model.ResultsPatients with BD obtained significantly higher BIS scores than HCs. In HCs, higher BIS scores were associated with a thinner cortex in the left inferior, middle and medial frontal cortices. By contrast, in BD patients, higher BIS scores were associated with a thicker cortex in the right insula. Patients with BD showed a thinner cortex than HCs in all these four structures.ConclusionsThe findings indicate that the left prefrontal cortex plays a cardinal role in trait impulsivity of healthy individuals. Patients with BD have a different structural correlate of trait impulsivity in the right insula. However, the use of various psychotropics in patients with BD may limit our interpretation of BD findings.

Temporal Stability of the dex/CRH Test in Patients with Rapid-Cycling Bipolar I Disorder: A Pilot Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 244-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Watson ◽  
Jill M. Thompson ◽  
Navdeep Malik ◽  
I. Nicol Ferrier ◽  
Allan H. Young
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Cortisol Response ◽  
Rapid Cycling ◽  
Corticotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Over Time

Objective: To examine the hypothesis that hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function is a trait abnormality in bipolar disorder. Method: We examined HPA axis function in a pilot study of five patients with rapid-cycling bipolar disorder in both relapse and remission using the dexamethasone/corticotropin releasing hormone (dex/CRH) test. Results: The cortisol response to the dex/CRH test correlated significantly between the 2 tests (r = 0.997; p < 0.0005). Conclusion: The data suggests that the cortisol response to the dex/CRH test is stable over time and independent of mood state.

The functional exercise capacity in patients with bipolar disorder versus healthy controls: A pilot study

2015 ◽  
Vol 229 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 194-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davy Vancampfort ◽  
Sabine Wyckaert ◽  
Pascal Sienaert ◽  
Marc De Hert ◽  
Brendon Stubbs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Functional Exercise ◽  
Functional Exercise Capacity

scholarly journals Corpus callosum changes in euthymic bipolar affective disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 204 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian J. Lloyd ◽  
Heba E. Ali ◽  
David Nesbitt ◽  
P. Brian Moore ◽  
Allan H. Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Signal Intensity ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Bipolar Group ◽  
Intensity Changes ◽  
Glial Function

BackgroundChanges in corpus callosum area and thickness have been reported in bipolar disorder. Imaging and limited neuropathological data suggest possible abnormalities in myelination and/or glial function.AimsTo compare corpus callosum area, thickness and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T1 signal intensity in patients with bipolar disorder and healthy controls.MethodA total of 48 patients with euthymic bipolar disorder and 46 healthy controls underwent MRI analysis of callosal midsagittal area, callosal thickness and T1 signal intensity.ResultsThe bipolar group had smaller overall and subregional callosal areas and correspondingly reduced callosal width than the control group. Age correlated negatively with callosal area in the control group but not in the bipolar group. Signal intensity was higher in women than in men in both groups. Signal intensity was reduced in women, but not in men, in the bipolar group.ConclusionsObserved differences probably relate to diagnosis rather than mood state and bipolar disorder appears to result in morphometric change that overrides changes seen in normal ageing. Intensity changes are consistent with possible altered myelination or glial function. A gender-dependent factor appears to operate and to interact with diagnosis.

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