Fungal N2O production in an arable peat soil in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia

ABSTRACTPopulation of soil palm weevil pollinator Elaeidobius kamerunicus FAUST and its impact on fruit setvalue at clay, sandy and peat soil types in central Kalimantan, di IndonesiaOil palm weevil pollinator Elaeidobius kamerunicus Faust plays an important role in the increasing oilpalm fruit set value. Along with the development of oil palm, fruit set problems occurred in recentdecades in some parts of Indonesia. An experiment was carried out on a seven years old oil palmplantation located at Selangkun Estate, Kotawaringin Barat, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia to find outthe influence of population E. kamerunicus on pollination efficiency at clay, sandy and peat soil types.Relative to other soil types, a high weevil population on male (50,811 weevils/ha ; 72 weevils/spikelet)and female (219 weevils) inflorescences had been recorded at clay soil. Fruit set value on clay soil 58.9%and significantly different with sandy soil of 49.8% and peat soil of 46.4%. Population E. kamerunicusper ha influenced fruit set value at clay, sandy and peat soil types. Number of E. kamerunicus visitedfemale inflorescences did not influenced fruit set value at clay, sandy and peat soil types.Keywords: Clay soil, Elaeidobius kamerunicus, fruit set, peat soil, population, sandy soil ABSTRAKSerangga penyerbuk kelapa sawit Elaeidobius kamerunicus FAUST berperan penting dalam peningkatannilai fruit set kelapa sawit. Seiring dengan perkembangan kelapa sawit, adanya permasalahan nilai fruitset telah terjadi dalam beberapa kurun waktu di beberapa wilayah Indonesia. Penelitian dilakukan diperkebunan kelapa sawit yang telah berumur tujuh tahun, berlokasi di Selangkung, Kotawaringin Barat,Kalimantan Tengah, Indonesia dan bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh populasi E. Kamerunicusterhadap efisiensi penyerbukan pada tipe tanah liat, pasir dan gambut. Berdasarkan tipe tanahdilaporkan bahwa tingginya populasi kumbang pada bunga jantan yaitu (50.811 kumbang/ha; 72kumbang/spikelet) dan bunga betina yang sedang mekar (219 kumbang) pada tipe tanah berliat.Adapun, nilai fruit set pada tanah liat sebesar 58,9% dan berbeda nyata dibandingkan dengan tanahberpasir (49,8%) dan gambut (46,4%). Populasi E. kamerunicus per ha berpengaruh terhadap nilai fruitset pada tipe tanah liat, pasir dan gambut. Namun, jumlah E. kamerunicus yang mengunjungi bungabetina yang sedang mekar tidak berpengaruh terhadap nilai fruit set pada tipe tanah liat, pasir dangambut.Kata Kunci : Elaeidobius kamerunicus, Fruit set , Populasi, Tanah Gambut, Tanah liat, Tanah Pasir

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Carbon emissions from oil palm development on deep peat soil in Central Kalimantan Indonesia

Anthropocene ◽

10.1016/j.ancene.2018.04.004 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

pp. 31-39 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Alue Dohong ◽

Ammar Abdul Aziz ◽

Paul Dargusch

Keyword(s):

Carbon Emissions ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Peat Soil ◽

Central Kalimantan

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Effects of sterilization techniques on chemodenitrification and N<sub>2</sub>O production in tropical peat soil microcosms

Biogeosciences ◽

10.5194/bg-16-4601-2019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (23) ◽

pp. 4601-4612 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Steffen Buessecker ◽

Kaitlyn Tylor ◽

Joshua Nye ◽

Keith E. Holbert ◽

Jose D. Urquiza Muñoz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Peat Soil ◽

Nitrite Reduction ◽

Iron Speciation ◽

Γ Irradiation ◽

N2o Production ◽

Tropical Peatland ◽

Organic Matter Composition ◽

Tropical Peatlands ◽

Denitrification Activity

Abstract. Chemodenitrification – the non-enzymatic process of nitrite reduction – may be an important sink for fixed nitrogen in tropical peatlands. Rates and products of chemodenitrification are dependent on O2, pH, Fe2+ concentration, and organic matter composition, which are variable across peat soils. Assessing abiotic reaction pathways is difficult because sterilization and inhibition agents can alter the availability of reactants by changing iron speciation and organic matter composition. We compared six commonly used soil sterilization techniques – γ irradiation, chloroform, autoclaving, and the use of three different chemical inhibitors (mercury, zinc, and azide) – for their compatibility with chemodenitrification assays for tropical peatland soils (organic-rich, low-pH soil from the eastern Amazon). Out of the six techniques, γ irradiation resulted in soil treatments with the lowest cell viability and denitrification activity and the least effect on pH, iron speciation, and organic matter composition. Nitrite depletion rates in γ-irradiated soils were highly similar to untreated (live) soils, whereas other sterilization techniques showed deviations. Chemodenitrification was a dominant process of nitrite consumption in tropical peatland soils assayed in this study. Nitrous oxide (N2O) is one possible product of chemodenitrification reactions. Abiotic N2O production was low to moderate (3 %–16 % of converted nitrite), and different sterilization techniques lead to significant variations on production rates due to inherent processes or potential artifacts. Our work represents the first methodological basis for testing the abiotic denitrification and N2O production potential in tropical peatland soil.

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Impact of Peat Fire on the Soil and Export of Dissolved Organic Carbon in Tropical Peat Soil, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia

ACS Earth and Space Chemistry ◽

10.1021/acsearthspacechem.8b00018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (7) ◽

pp. 692-701 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Kazuto Sazawa ◽

Takatoshi Wakimoto ◽

Masami Fukushima ◽

Yustiawati Yustiawati ◽

M. Suhaemi Syawal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽

Peat Soil ◽

Central Kalimantan ◽

Tropical Peat ◽

Peat Fire

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The Effect of Paraquat, Difenoconazole, and Butylphenyl Methylcarbamate (BPMC) on CO2 Emissions and Phenolic Acids in Peat Soil

Journal of Tropical Soils ◽

10.5400/jts.2017.v22i2.77-85 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 77-85

Author(s):

Indri Hapsari Fitriyani ◽

Syaiful Anwar ◽

Arief Hartono ◽

Diah Tjahyandari

Keyword(s):

Soil Sample ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Phenolic Acids ◽

Soil Ph ◽

Phenolic Acid ◽

Co2 Emission ◽

Oxidation Reaction ◽

Peat Soil ◽

Ch4 Emission ◽

Central Kalimantan

Pesticides are widely used in agriculture, including on peat soil. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of the application of paraquat, difenoconazole, and butylphenyl methylcarbamate (BPMC) on CO2 emissions and concentrations of phenolic acids in a peat soil. Peat soil sample was taken in District of Pulang Pisau, Central Kalimantan. The peat soil was applied with 1.89 mg kg-1 paraquat, 1.72 mg kg-1 difenoconazole and 1.65 mg kg-1 butylphenyl methylcarbamate (BPMC), then the soil was incubated for 1, 2, 4 , 5, 7, 10, 14, 21, 26 and 30 days. The results showed that the application of pesticides on peat soil increased CO2emission, and decreased CH4 emission and phenolic acid concentrations up to 30 days of incubation. The CO2 emmisions were derived from C of degraded pesticides and from C of phenolic acids, although the oxidation reaction was not accompanied by the change of soil pH. Keyword: CO2 emission, phenolic acids, butylphenyl methylcarbamate (BPMC), difenoconazole, paraquat, peat soil

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HUBUNGAN PENURUNAN VOLUME AIR DENGAN PEMAMPATAN GAMBUT PADA TINGKAT KEMATANGAN YANG BERBEDA DI KAWASAN GAMBUT BERENGBENGKEL KALIMANTAN TENGAH

Jukung (Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan) ◽

10.20527/jukung.v4i2.6585 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Rabiatul Wahdah

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Optical Density ◽

Peat Soil ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Fiber Content ◽

Water Volume ◽

Undisturbed Soil ◽

Central Kalimantan ◽

Specific Pore Volume ◽

Peat Area

Gambut merupakan lahan yang tergenang sepanjang tahun, persoalan kemudian muncul manakala lahan gambut alamiah dialihfungsikan. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah mengetahui pemampatan gambut akibat penurunan volume air pada tingkat kematangan yang berbeda, dengan sampel tanah yang digunakan diambil di kawasan gambut Berengbengkel Kalimantan Tengah masing-masing 30 sampel tanah terusik dan tak terusik untuk analisa kadar lengas, berat volume, kadar serat, dan rapat optik yang mana data akan diolah menggunakan program Ms. Excell. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif yang menjelaskan hubungan penurunan volume air dengan pemampatan gambut pada tingkat kematanagn yang berbeda di Kawasan Gambut Berengbengkel Kalimantan Tengah Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penurunan volume air atau kadar lengas menyebabkan hilangnya volume spesifik pori sehingga mengakibatkan pemampatan tanah gambut. Pemampatan yang terjadi berbeda disetiap tingkat kematangan. Pemampatan pada setiap kematangan berbeda, gambut mentah (fibrik) akan lebih cepat atau mudah mengalami pemampatan dan melambat pada tanah gambut yang sudah mengalami kematangan, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa penurunan volume air atau kadar lengas yang hilang dapat menyebabkan pemampatan dan subsiden pada tanah gambut Kata Kunci : kematanagan gambut, kadar lengas, kadar serat, rapat optik . Peatlands are areas waterlogged throughout the year. The problems arise when natural peatlands are converted. The aim of the study was to find out the compression of peat due to a decrease in the volume of water at some different levels of maturity. The soil samples were taken from the peat area of Berengbengkel, Central Kalimantan. Each of 30 disturbed and undisturbed soil samples was analyzed for its moisture content, volumetric weight, fiber content, and optical density. The data were then processed using the program of Ms. Excell. The method used in the study was a descriptive method describing relationship between decrease in water volume and compression of peat at different maturity levels in peat area of berengbengkel, central kalimantan. The results showed that the decrease in water volume or moisture content led to the loss of specific pore volume, resulting in compression of peat. The compressions occurring at each maturity level were different from one another. Raw peat (fibric) was quicker or easier to experience compression than the peat soil that had already undergone maturation. Therefore, it can be concluded that the decrease in water volume or moisture content can cause compression and subsidence in peat soil. Keywords: fiber content, moisture content, peat maturity, optical density.

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VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL STATUS OF PLANT SPECIES IN THE PEAT SWAMP FOREST OF SETIA ALAM JAYA, SEBANGAU, CENTRAL KALIMANTAN

Journal of Biological Researches ◽

10.23869/bphjbr.9.1.20033 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 13-17

Author(s):

Suciatmih Suciatmih

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Plant Root ◽

Peat Soil ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Swamp Forest ◽

Peat Swamp Forest ◽

Central Kalimantan ◽

Peat Swamp ◽

Vesicular Arbuscular ◽

High Level

In order to describe the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) status of plants growing on peat soil, a study was carried out in the peat swamp forest of Setia Alam Jaya in Sebangau, Central Kalimantan. Out of 146 plant root samples belonging to 48 plant species from 25 families examined, all plants colonized by VAM fungi namely 14 (29.2 percent) high level, 32 (66.7 percent) medium level, and 2 (4.1 percent) low level respectively.

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The Behavior of Alternative Kacapuri Foundation on Alluvial Land of Central Borneo

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201928004009 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 280 ◽

pp. 04009

Author(s):

Muhammad Afief Ma’ruf ◽

Ulfa Fitriati ◽

Lailan Ni’mah

Keyword(s):

Reinforced Concrete ◽

Bearing Capacity ◽

Peat Soil ◽

Alluvial Soil ◽

Pole Position ◽

Ultimate Bearing Capacity ◽

Alluvial Soils ◽

Central Kalimantan ◽

Foundation Model ◽

Main Material

One of the traditional substructure forms of Borneo is the kacapuri foundation. Previous research conducted a study on this kacapuri foundation by making an alternative kacapuri foundation model by combining a raft of gelam wood with reinforced concrete pillars. The study was originally applied to peat soil, but in reality, the kacapuri foundation was applied to alluvial soils around riverbanks rather than on peatlands. Therefore, this study looks at how the behavior of bearing capacity of the foundation when it is applied on alluvial soil. The location of the study where is located in the traditional Dayak Ngaju tribe in Mandomai village, Central Kalimantan. As a reference the application of the form of foundation using the model of Dayak house Huma Hai in the form of a house on stage with the main material of ironwood. The burden of each column of the house is 9,93 kN in the middle pole position. From the research, it is found that the ultimate bearing capacity is 298 kN /m2, with its own weight is 4,816 kN.

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CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PEAT SOIL Bacilllus sp.

Journal of Biological Researches ◽

10.23869/bphjbr.10.1.20046 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 31-35

Author(s):

Iman Hidayat

Keyword(s):

Phosphatase Activity ◽

Positive Reaction ◽

Lipase Activity ◽

Protease Activity ◽

Amylase Activity ◽

Peat Soil ◽

Cellulase Activity ◽

Bacillus Species ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Central Kalimantan

Twenty two strains of Bacillus species have been isolated from the peat soil of Tanjung Puting, Central Kalimantan. All strains devided into seventeen groups which characterized using morphology and biochemical tests. All strains have been tested for lipase, amylase, protease, cellulase, and phosphatase activity. Thirteen Bacillus isolates tested gave positif reaction for lipase activity. Bacillus AR 018 was the best isolate for amylase activity, Bacillus AR 001 and Bacillus AR 002 for protease activity, Bacillus AR 009 for cellulase activity. Only one isolate shows positive reaction for phosphatase activity, notably Bacillus AR 007.

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The effect of aggregates on N<sub>2</sub>O emission from denitrification in an agricultural peat soil

Biogeosciences Discussions ◽

10.5194/bgd-8-3253-2011 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 3253-3287 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

P. C. Stolk ◽

R. F. A. Hendriks ◽

C. M. J. Jacobs ◽

E. J. Moors ◽

P. Kabat

Keyword(s):

Current Knowledge ◽

Peat Soil ◽

Model Performance ◽

Biogeochemical Model ◽

N2o Emissions ◽

Model Combination ◽

Model Concept ◽

N2o Production ◽

Structured Soils ◽

N2o Fluxes

Abstract. Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions are highly variable in time, with high peak emissions lasting as couple of days to weeks and low background emissions. This temporal variability is poorly understood which hampers the simulation of daily N2O emissions. In structured soils, like clay and peat, aggregates hamper the diffusion of oxygen, which leads to anaerobic microsites in the soil, favourable for denitrification. In this paper we studied the effect of aggregates in soils on the N2O emissions from denitrification. We presented a parameterization to simulate the effects of aggregates on N2O, following the mobile-immobile model concept. This parameterization was implemented in a field-scale hydrological-biogeochemical model combination. We compared the simulated fluxes with observed fluxes from a fertilized and drained peat soil with grass. The results of this study showed that aggregates strongly affect N2O emissions: peak emissions are lower, whereas the background emissions are slightly higher. Implementation of the effect of aggregates caused a decrease in the simulated annual emissions of more than 40%. The new parameterization also significantly improved the model performance to simulate observed N2O fluxes. Aggregates have more impact on the reduction of N2O than on the production of N2O. Reduction of N2O is more sensitive to changes in the drivers than production of N2O and is in that sense the key process to understand N2O emissions from denitrification. The effects of changing conditions on reduction of N2O relative to N2O production is dependent on the NO3 content of the soil. It is expected that in soils with a low NO3 content the influence of aggregates on the NO3 concentration is not negligible. This study showed that the current knowledge of the hydrological, biogeochemical and physical processes is sufficient to understand the observed N2O fluxes from a fertilized peatland. Further research is needed to test how aggregates affect the N2O fluxes in areas or periods with little NO3 in the soil.

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