Community perceptions and conceptions of the impact of forest and land fires in Bengkalis Regency, Riau Province

Forest and land fires have a very bad impact on the economic, social, health and ecological sectors. Forest and land fires in Bengkalis Regency are influenced by several factors, including human Negligence, and land contour factors, according to BPPT 69.69% of the Bengkalais area is a peat area that is prone to decreasing water levels causing drought. Drought on peatlands triggers forest and land fires in the dry season. This research was conducted to determine the community’s perception and conception of the impact of forest and land fires. Primary data and research information were obtained through observation and interviews. The research sample was obtained from 12 villages from 4 sub-districts in Bengkalis Regency, the names of the villages are Bukit Kerikil, Tanjung Leban, Sepahat, Temiang, Bad Bakul, Dompas, Muara Dua, Bandar Jaya, Sumber Jaya, Tasik Serai Barat, East Serai Lake, Cliff Lake. Lemongrass. Respondents who have been interviewed as many as 120 people. Data analysis was done descriptively. From the interviews conducted, it was found that the public perception was quite high. Communities understand that their participation in and monitoring of forest and land use is critical to reducing forest and land fires.

SIFAT FISIK GAMBUT PEDALAMAN PADA LABORATORIUM ALAM HUTAN GAMBUT SEBANGAU, KALIMANTAN TENGAHThe Physical Properties Of Inland Peat In Natural Laboratory Of Peat Swamp Forest (LAHG) Sebangau, Central Kalimantan

Indonesia has the largest peat area in the tropical zone, which estimated about 21 million ha, with a percentage of 70% of the peat area in Southeast Asia and 50% of the world's tropical peatlands. This study aims to evaluate the physical properties of soil in each layer of soil and land cover in inland peat swamp forests in LAHG in Central Kalimantan. The research used the profile method (minipit) measuring 120 cm x 120 cm. Each location is given 3 plots on 2 (two) land cover namely forest and burnt area. The research location is in LAHG. This research was conducted in July-December 2020. Samples were analyzed at the Banjarbaru Research and Development Laboratory. The parameters observed were bulk density, moisture content, fiber content, soil color, infiltration, and hydraulic conductivity. The research data were analyzed statistically by means of regression and correlation analysis. The results showed that the study of the physical properties of inland peat soil in the forest had bulk density ranging from 0.10 to 0.15 g / cm-3, moisture content 541.18-910.00%, fiber content 8-40%, infiltration -0 , 58-29.27 ml / hour, hydraulic conductivity 2.4-66.6 cm / hour with reddish black soil color. Whereas on burnt land, bulk density ranged from 0.10 to 0.15 g / cm-3, moisture content was 500.00-916.67%, fiber content was 12-52%, infiltration was -3.19-60.99 ml. / hr, hydraulic conductivity 2.4-30.6 cm / hr with dark black soil color. The study relationship pattern shows positive and negative.

APLIKASI TRICHOKOMPOS DAN PUPUK GRAND-K TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL BAWANG MERAH (Allium ascalonicum L) PADA LAHAN GAMBUT RAWAN TERENDAM

Riau is a province in Sumatra Island with the widest peatland covering up to ± 4,04 million Ha or about 56,1% of the area, with various type of peat, including the potentially submerged peat area. With the peat charasteristics drawbacks such as low nutrient content and relatively high acidity, cause this type of land barely cultivated for horticulture crop such as shallot. Whilst, in Indonesia, shallot is part of daily society culinary component. Therefore, efforts are needed to make use of peat land for this type of commodity by overcoming the shortages, for example by applying Trichocompost combined with Grand-K fertilizer. This research thus aimed at evaluating the growth and yield of shallot in potentially submerged peat soil, treated with Trichocompost and Grand-K Fertilizer. Experiment was conducted on peat soil in Labersa Street Kelurahan Simpang tiga Kecamatan Bukit Raya Kota Pekanbaru for three months, from October to December 2019. The experiment was arranged in completely factorial design with two factors; each at four levels. The factors were Trichocompost (at 0, 2, 4, 6 ton ha-1) and Grand K fertilizer (at 0, 50, 100, 150 kg ha-1). The parameters observed were the percentage of seed viability, plant height, number of leaf, number of tuber, and the yield per plan. Results of the experiment showed that the best combination of treatment was Trichokompos at 4 – 6 ton ha-1 dan Grand K at 150 kg ha-1.

IDENTIFIKASI POTENSI PENYEBAR BENIH TUMBUHAN PADA HUTAN RAWA GAMBUT DALAM RANGKA REGENERASI ALAMI DAN RESTORASI LAHAN GAMBUT PASCA KEBAKARAN

Tahura Orang Kayo Hitam is one of the locations that was severely damaged due to forest fires that occurred in the peat area of Jambi Province. Natural regeneration is a possible option in restoration activities and requires the presence of a mother tree and seed dispersing agents . This study aims to identify seed dispersing agents in the Orang Kayo HitamTahura and has been carried out for 3 months from June to August 2020. These tree species were obtained by a sampling method with a plot size of 20x20 m determined by a 500 m long transect from outside the forest to inside the forest. All trees with a diameter above 10 cm were measured and their species identified. Seed dispersing agents were identified by literature study, photo analysis and discussion with locals. The results of field data indicated that the species found in the study area were spread by wind and wildlife. From the 32 tree species were found, 10 species (32%) were spread by the wind and 22 species (68%) were spread by wild animals. The preliminary conclusion of this study is that wind and wildlife are very important in the distribution of tree seeds in burned areas.

THE INCREASE OF RIVER FLUOR CONTENT USING WHITE AND GREEN FLUORIDE STONE

Fluoride content in water consumed by the people of Mekar Sari Village, Tatah Makmur District, Banjar Regency, South Kalimantan Province is still below the WHO recommendation and the Ministry of Health of Indonesia. This study aims to determine the differences in the ability of fluoride stones from the peat area - Liang Anggang, Banjar Regency and fluoride stones from Tanah Laut area of South Kalimantan in increasing fluoride content in river water. This type of work is analytical research. The experiments were carried out in river water by means of preliminary treatment until the turbidity is less than 5 NTU. Furthermore, the processed water was re-circulated into a “flour increase portable” device to manipulate the processed water with stones containing fluoride. Variations in research include 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours recirculation; fluoride stones types were from Liang Anggang area and from Tanah Laut. The results show that green stones from Tanah Laut area can increase fluoride content in processed river water to 0.63 mg / l. This means that the ability of this green stone is lower than that of white stone in increasing fluoride content in processed river water.

ANALISIS SOSIAL DAN EKONOMI AGROFORESTRI BERBASIS TANAMAN SAGU (Metroxylon sagu): ALTERNATIF REHABILITASI HUTAN DAN LAHAN GAMBUT

Metroxylon sagu-based agroforestry can be an alternative pattern of rehabilitation of forests and peatlands. The study aimed to determine the social and economic aspects of Metroxylon sagu-based agro forestry activities in Pilang Village, Pulang Pisau Regency, Central Kalimantan. Pilang Village a village located in a peat area. The research methodis a survey method with interviews and questionnaires. Respondents as there search sample were farmers who were selected purposively along with as many as 40 people with the criteria of having an area of land > 0.25 ha and there were Metroxylon sagu plants. Data analysis uses descriptive qualitative and quantitative analysis for financial feasibility analysis (NPV and BCR). The results showed that socially Metroxylon sagu plant selection was determinedby: (1) hereditary (37.5%); (2) easy planting and maintenance (27.5%); (3) sourcesofincome (22%); and (4) others (12.5%). Metroxylon sagu-based agroforestry patterns can be distinguished by other types of vegetation, namely: (1) Metroxylon sagu, rubber and filler plants (32,5%); (2) Metroxylon sagu, rubber and wood (5%); (3) Metroxylon sagu, rubber, fruits and fill plants (20%); (4) Metroxylon sagu, fruit and plant fillings (42,5%). The contribution of Metroxylon sagu to Metroxylon sagu-based agroforestry revenuesis 7,63%. Based on commodity Metroxylon sagu, NPV value (5%) Rp102,464,359.8; (10%) Rp49,180,666.67; (15%) Rp47,0423,376.8 and BCR value (5%), (10%), (15%) is 23.47. Based on social and economic analysis, Metroxylonsagu-based agroforestry is recommended as an alternative to forest and peatland rehabilitation.

PEAT FOREST HEALTH ANALYSIS ON LANDSAT 8 OLI / TIRS IMAGERY USING NDVI METHOD IN KOTAWARINGIN TIMUR REGENCY

The degradation of peatland ecosystem has been a mayor impact on the local environment as well as its surroundings such as fires, irriversible drying and dome collapse. This paper presents the application of satellite remote sensing dan GIS techniques to detect and identify peat forest healt in Kotawaringin Timur, Cental Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. Mapping the spasial distribution of peat forest healt is important for making in land management and mitigation of peatland forest fires. This study uses the integration beetwen GIS software and Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS satellite data to identify peatland healt using NDVI in Kotawaringin Timur Regency. This area were picked up as pilot project area for this research because these areas historically had many fire spots on last few years. The result data processing of landsat 8 satellite image shows that 116586,4 hectares of Kotawaringin Timur area is disturbed peatland. Base on the result of landsat 8 image processing data can be seen some areas of Kotawaringin Timur indicate green color means the peat area, and the health level of the peat forest in Kotawaringin Timur Regency is already in the damaged category. Keywords: Peat forest healt, NDVI, GIS, Landsat 8

Penerapan Teknik Biocementation Oleh Bacillus Subtilis Dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Permeabilitas Pada Tanah Organik

(ID) Indonesia memiliki persentase area rawa dan gambut yang sangat besar. Kurang lebih 30% lahan di Indonesia adalah daerah rawa/gambut. Di Pulau Sumatera, Provinsi dengan lahan gambut terluas yaitu Provinsi Riau dengan luas ± 4, 04 juta Ha atau 56, 1% dari luas total lahan gambut di Sumatera. Siak merupakan salah satu kabupaten di Riau yang memiliki daerah gambut yang cukup luas. Keberadaan daerah gambut ini menyebabkan pengembangan infrastruktur di Desa Suak Merambai menjadi terhambat karena tingkat kesulitan yang tinggi dalam proses konstruksi di daerah rawa. Beberapa metode perbaikan tanah telah diterapkan pada tanah gambut berupa perbaikan tanah secara fisik, mekanis maupun kimia. Salah satu metode perbaikan tanah yang mulai berkembang saat ini adalah Bio Grouting. Bio Grouting telah dikembangkan sebagai teknologi perbaikan tanah baru yang sistem kerjanya seperti semen pada beton sehingga mampu mengikat partikel tanah melalui bantuan aktivitas biologi. Bio Grouting ini dapat meningkatkan sifat mekanik (kekuatan, kekakuan, kohesi, gesekan), menurunkan permeabilitas bahan berpori, memperkuat atau memperbaiki dan memodifikasi sifat fisik dan mekanik tanah. Sistem kerja Bio Grouting adalah pengendapan Calcite oleh induksi microbiology, microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP), yang dilakukan oleh bakteri penghasil enzim urease. Teknik microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) / Bio Grouting ini akan coba diterapkan pada tanah gambut sehingga dapat memperbaiki sifat permeabilitas dari tanah gambut. Melalui penelitian ini diharapkan permasalahan kontruksi diatas tanah gambut dapat diminimalisir dan menjadi salah satu solusi yang ramah lingkungan yang bisa membantu pengembangan infrastruktur di Desa Suak Merambai Kecamatan Bungaraya Kabupaten Siak Provinsi Riau. (EN) Indonesia has a very large percentage of swamp and peat area. About 30% of the land in Indonesia is swamp / peat. On the island of Sumatra, the province with the most extensive peatlands is Riau Province with an area of ​​± 4, 04 million Ha or 56.1% of the total area of ​​peatlands in Sumatra. Siak is one of the regencies in Riau which has quite extensive peat areas. The existence of this peat area causes the development of infrastructure in the Village of Suak Merambai to be hampered due to the high level of difficulty in the construction process in the swampy area. Several soil improvement methods have been applied to peat soils in the form of physical, mechanical or chemical soil improvements. One method of soil improvement that is starting to develop now is Bio Grouting. Bio Grouting has been developed as a new soil improvement technology that works like cement on concrete so that it can bind soil particles through the help of biological activities. Bio Grouting can improve mechanical properties (strength, stiffness, cohesion, friction), reduce permeability of porous materials, strengthen or improve and modify the physical and mechanical properties of the soil. The work system of Bio Grouting is the deposition of Calcite by induction of microbiology, microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP), which is carried out by the bacteria producing the urease enzyme. This microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) / Bio Grouting technique will try to be applied to peat so as to improve the permeability of peat soil. Through this research, it is expected that construction problems on peatlands can be minimized and become one of the environmentally friendly solutions that can help infrastructure development in Suak Merambai Village, Bungaraya District, Siak Regency, Riau Province.

Penyuluhan Hukum “Meningkatkan Kesadaran Pemahaman Hukum Lingkungan Kepada Masyarakat (Dalam Rangka Memperingati Hari Cinta Puspa dan Satwa)"

The phenomenon of right of ownership disputes is a big problem that exists in the civil society of Nagan Raya Regency. Especially in the Rawa Tripa area at Suka Makmur District, another problem is related to the lack of community understanding of peat area protection and land clearing methods which are carried out using burning patterns. Based on observations also found a number of cases of land disputes between civil society and corporations in the Rawa Tripa area. The implementation of this community service is in the form of legal counseling which is carried out face-to-face by delivering material related to the theme of community service. The results and benefits obtained from the implementation of this legal counseling are able to provide understanding and legal awareness to the community related to rights of ownership, duties and functions of the civil society in preserving the environment, as well as education related to the constitutional rights of citizens in the environment and natural resources sector.

Upaya Pemulihan Ekosistem Gambut Pasca Kebakaran Hutan Dan Lahan Di Desa Lukun Kecamatan Tebing Tinggi Timur

In Indonesia, forest and land fires have occurred since 1997. As if it has become an annual disaster, forest and land fires still occur, especially in the peat area. Weather and human factors are thought to be the cause of fires. In 1997-1998 severe fires hit Indonesia, occurring in 23 provinces (from 27 provinces in Indonesia at that time), in an area of almost 10 million hectares, which later turned out to be known to be mostly in the concessions of plantation companies and areas designated for plantation activities (Peranginangin, 2014). Continuous fires occur with different trends each year. Indonesia, especially in areas with peatland, is labeled as an exporter of smoke to neighboring countries and at the same time is labeled unable to complete fires thoroughly for various reasons. Approximately two million hectares of peatland are degraded and require recovery efforts to become the government's homework to make restoration efforts as soon as possible. Not only does it require a very large amount of funds to be recorded, the community actually needs to support these activities to run smoothly. The research objectives are: 1). Identifying the causes of forest and land fires and their impacts, 2). Analyzing recovery efforts after forest and land fire disasters. The research location is in Lukun Village, Tebing Tinggi Timur District, Meranti Islands Regency, Riau Province. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with research subjects as government officials and community leaders related to recovery efforts after theforest and land fire disaster in Lukun. Factors that cause the occurrence of forest and land fires are natural conditions and human activities. The impacts caused by the disaster of forest and land fires can be divided into: impacts on peat ecosystems and the impact on the socio-economic community. Efforts made in the recovery after the disaster of forest and land fires are the restoration of ecosystems and the economic revitalization of the community. Di Indonesia, kebakaran hutan dan lahan sudah terjadi sejak tahun 1997-an. Cuaca dan faktor manusia diduga kuat menjadi penyebab terjadinya kebakaran. Di tahun 1997-1998 kebakaran hebat melanda Indonesia, terjadi di 23 propinsi (dari 27 provinsi di Indonesia pada waktu itu), pada areal hampir seluas 10 juta Ha, yang kemudian ternyata diketahui sebagian besar diantaranya adalah berada pada konsesi perusahaan perkebunan dan wilayah yang diperuntukkan bagi aktivitas perkebunan (Peranginangin, 2014). Kebakaran terus menerus terjadi dengan tren yang berbeda setiap tahunnya. Indonesia terkhusus wilayah yang bertanah gambut dicap sebagai pengekspor asap ke negara tetangga sekaligus tidak mampu menyelesaikan kebakaran dengan tuntas karena berbagai alasan. Lebih kurang dua 2 juta hektar lahan gambut terdegradasi dan membutuhkan upaya pemulihan menjadi pekerjaan rumah pemerintah untuk sesegera mungkin dilakukan upaya restorasi. Tidak hanya membutuhkan dana yang sangat besar yang menjadi catatan adalah masyarakat sejatinya perlu untuk mendukung kegiatan tersebut agar berjalan lancar. Adapun tujuan penelitian adalah: 1).Mengidentifikasi faktor penyebab kebakaran hutan dan lahan beserta dampaknya, 2).Menganalisis upayaupaya pemulihan pasca bencana kebakaran hutan dan lahan. Adapun lokasi penelitian adalah di Desa Lukun Kecamatan Tebing Tinggi Timur Kabupaten Kepulauan Meranti. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Faktor penyebab terjadinya bencana kebakaran hutan dan lahan yaitu Kondisi Alam dan aktivitas manusia. Dampak yang ditimbulkan akibat bencana kebakaran hutan dan lahan dapat dibagi menjadi: dampak terhadap ekosistem gambut dan dampak terhadap sosial ekonomi masyarakat. Upaya yang dilakukan dalam pemulihan pasca bencana kebakaran hutan dan lahan adalah pemulihan ekosistem serta revitalisasi ekonomi masyarakat.