Protection against enzootic pneumonia of pigs: intraperitoneal inoculation with live LKR strain of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

1989 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
LC. LLOYD ◽  
GS. COTTEW ◽  
DA. ANDERSON
Keyword(s):  
Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽  
Enzootic Pneumonia ◽  
Intraperitoneal Inoculation

scholarly journals Evaluation of the clinical efficacy of a water soluble formulation of tylvalosin in the control of enzootic pneumonia associated with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida in pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Lopez Rodriguez ◽  
Anna Catharina Berge ◽  
Cliff Ramage ◽  
Ryan Saltzman ◽  
Rickie J. Domangue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽  
Lung Lesion ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Enzootic Pneumonia ◽  
Challenge Study ◽  
Lower Lung ◽  
Clinical Cases

Abstract Background The efficacy of a water soluble formulation of tylvalosin (Aivlosin® 625 mg/g granules) was evaluated in the treatment and metaphylaxis of Enzootic Pneumonia (EP) in pigs. In all four trials, pigs in the tylvalosin group were administered 10 mg tylvalosin/kg bodyweight in drinking water daily for 5 consecutive days (TVN). In a single-challenge study, pigs were inoculated with lung homogenate containing Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. In a dual challenge study, pigs were sequentially inoculated with pure culture of M. hyopneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida. Efficacy was evaluated based on reduction of lung lesions compared to unmedicated control pigs (CTL). In two field studies at European commercial farms with confirmed outbreaks of EP, treatment efficacy in clinically affected fatteners was evaluated based on improved clinical conditions compared to pigs treated with tylosin at 10 mg/kg by injection for 3 consecutive days (TYL). In these field trials, healthy in contact pigs were enrolled for metaphylaxis efficacy evaluation based on reduction in incidence of new clinical cases of respiratory disease compared to unmedicated pigs (CTL). Results In the M. hyopneumoniae-only challenge study, pigs in TVN group had lower lung lesion scores than CTL (6.52 vs. 14.97; p <  0.001). In the dual challenge study with M. hyopneumoniae and P. multocida, pigs in TVN group had lower lung lesion scores than CTL (3.32 vs. 8.37; p <  0.01) and the recovery of both challenge bacteria from the lungs was lower in TVN compared with CTL group (p <  0.01). In field outbreaks of EP, multicentre analysis showed that 13 days after the start of medication, treatment success for TVN pigs was significantly better than for TYL pigs (80.0% vs 48.7% p = 0.03) and metaphylactic administration of TVN significantly reduced the incidence of new clinical cases (2.1% vs. 7.8%; p <  0.01) compared with unmedicated controls. Conclusions Tylvalosin at 10 mg/kg daily for 5 days in drinking water was safe and effective in the treatment and metaphylaxis of EP in pigs associated with infections of M. hyopneumoniae either alone or in combination with P. multocida under both experimental challenge and field natural infection conditions.

The Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae plasma membrane as a vaccine against porcine enzootic pneumonia

1987 ◽  
Vol 138 (5) ◽  
pp. 693-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kobisch ◽  
L. Quillien ◽  
J.P. Tillon ◽  
H. Wróblewski
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽  
Enzootic Pneumonia

Immune responses elicited by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae recombinant antigens and DNA constructs with potential for use in vaccination against porcine enzootic pneumonia

Vaccine ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (44) ◽  
pp. 5832-5838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veridiana Gomes Virginio ◽  
Taylor Gonchoroski ◽  
Jéssica Andrade Paes ◽  
Desirée Cigaran Schuck ◽  
Arnaldo Zaha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽  
Enzootic Pneumonia ◽  
Recombinant Antigens

Regaining high health status of UK pig herds: Can it be done? How can it be done?

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
D.J. Chennells
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽  
Early Weaning ◽  
Swine Dysentery ◽  
Enzootic Pneumonia ◽  
Brachyspira Hyodysenteriae ◽  
Breeding Stock ◽  
Health Control ◽  
Control Association ◽  
Pig Health

Until the 1990s, defining and maintaining a High Health (HH) Status was relatively straightforward. Organisations such as the Pig Health Control Association were able to define and identify certain diseases such as Enzootic Pneumonia (EP), (Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae) or Swine Dysentery (SD) (Brachyspira hyodysenteriae,) and then establish, by hysterectomy or medicated early weaning (MEW), “clean” units which became the Nucleus units of the breeding companies. These produced “clean” pigs to populate Multiplication units that eventually passed on HH breeding stock to commercial customers. Relatively straightforward laboratory and abattoir monitoring could give reasonable, repeatable assurance to customers. Good biosecurity maintained this HH status and many HH commercial units were established by destocking, cleaning, and restocking with HH pigs from these breeding companies. Then the wheels started to fall off!

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae as a causative agent of porcine enzootic pneumonia

Livestock ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 136-143
Author(s):  
Christina Gale ◽  
Eduardo Velazquez ◽  
Emma Pattison
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Swine Influenza Virus ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽  
Herd Health ◽  
Enzootic Pneumonia ◽  
Lung Lesions ◽  
The Impact

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is a very important pathogen which causes enzootic pneumonia (EP) affecting pig herds worldwide. M. hyopneumoniae establishes itself in the respiratory system causing pathological changes, and resultant pneumonic lesions can be detected at slaughter via lung examination, appearing as red to pink lesions which resolve over time, leaving scar tissue on the lobes. Mycoplasma spp. infection can be complicated by coinfections with other pathogens such as swine influenza virus (SIV) and porcine circovirus (PCV2). These coinfections result in worsening of clinical symptoms and lung lesions, therefore increasing the impact on performance of the affected animals. Therefore, it is important that focus is placed on improving overall respiratory health and managing overall herd health, rather than just solely focusing on M. hyopneumoniae. Management practices should be implemented to control the disease, which commonly involve vaccination to reduce the impacts of the disease. Effective vaccination is important, and can be ensured by correct vaccine handling, storage and administration. The vaccine used can also play a part in the success of the vaccination programme so this should also be assessed, which can be done via lung examination and noting of clinical signs and performance parameters. When vaccination is successful, the level of lung lesions should be reduced, performance improved and consistency between batches, demonstrating that respiratory health is more stable.

scholarly journals Field Trial Assessment of Two Commercial Vaccines Against Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcial Marcos ◽  
Javier Rabanal ◽  
David del Pico ◽  
Jesús Bollo ◽  
Alfredo Romero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽  
Lung Lesion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intradermal Vaccination ◽  
Enzootic Pneumonia ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Reduction ◽  
Unvaccinated Control

Abstract Background: Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M.hyo) is one of the most prevalent pathogens causing respiratory disorders in swine populations as well as primary agent of porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC). The aim of this trial is to compare the efficacy of two commercial vaccines under field conditions, applied via different routes of administration, as a tool to control disease.Results: 3 groups each consisting of 440 animals, were included in this longitudinal study; one group vaccinated against M.hyo with an intradermal vaccine (group I), a second group vaccinated with an intramuscular vaccine 2940 strain (group H) and finally a third group, not vaccinated as a control (group N). All animals were individually weighed at weaning; upon entry into the fattening unit and just prior to movement to the slaughterhouse. Pigs from each group were periodically blood sampled to evaluate the immunological status against other pathogens involved in PRDC. Tracheobronchial swabs were collected from 30 pigs per treatment group during the final weighing. Slaughterhouse lung lesion evaluations were developed to assess levels of enzootic pneumonia-like lesions (EP) and pleuritis (P).Statistical evaluation of all test parameters indicated a better performance of the intradermal vaccinated group (group I):· in terms of weight (kg) just prior to movement to the slaughterhouse, (I= 97.45; H = 93.44; N = 93.05).· The number of positive tracheobronchial swabs, as well as M.hyo load detected individually (I = 36.7% positive samples with log10 Ct average value 1.48; H = 100% with log10 Ct 1.40; and N = 96.7% with log10 Ct 1.40),· EP prevalence (I = 35.1%, H = 47.0%, N = 50.5%) and· Pleurisy prevalence (I = 22.4%, H = 29.7%, N = 39.3%).In terms of the involvement of other PRDC pathogens, the serological study could lead us to think that the agents studied were present at same level in the all 3 vaccination groups.Conclusion: In this study, intradermal vaccination provided better performance than unvaccinated control group and intramuscular vaccine, in terms of weight increase (versus intramuscular group); reduction of enzootic pneumonia and pleurisy lesions, and tracheobronchial M.hyo prevalence at the end of the finishing period.

scholarly journals Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide-Dependent Flavin Oxidoreductase of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Functions as a Potential Novel Virulence Factor and Not Only as a Metabolic Enzyme

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Xie ◽  
Fei Hao ◽  
Rong Chen ◽  
Jingjing Wang ◽  
Yanna Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Virulence Factor ◽  
Polyclonal Antibody ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide ◽  
Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine ◽  
Metabolic Enzyme ◽  
Multiple Sequence ◽  
Enzootic Pneumonia ◽  
Flavin Oxidoreductase

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhp) is the main pathogen that causes enzootic pneumonia, a disease that has a significant impact on the pig industry worldwide. The pathogenesis of enzootic pneumonia, especially possible virulence factors of Mhp, has still not been fully elucidated. The transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of different Mhp strains reported in the literature have revealed differences in virulence, and differences in RNA transcription levels between high- and low-virulence strains initially indicated that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)-dependent flavin oxidoreductase (NFOR) was related to Mhp pathogenicity. Prokaryotic expression and purification of the NFOR protein from Mhp were performed, a rabbit-derived polyclonal antibody against NFOR was prepared, and multiple sequence alignment and evolutionary analyses of Mhp NFOR were performed. For the first time, it was found that the NFOR protein was conserved among all Mhp strains, and NFOR was localized to the cell surface and could adhere to immortalized porcine bronchial epithelial cells (hTERT-PBECs). Adhesion to hTERT-PBECs could be specifically inhibited by an anti-NFOR polyclonal antibody, and the rates of adhesion to both high- and low-virulence strains, 168 and 168L, significantly decreased by more than 40%. Moreover, Mhp NFOR not only recognized and interacted with host fibronectin and plasminogen but also induced cellular oxidative stress and apoptosis in hTERT-PBECs. The release of lactate dehydrogenase by hTERT-PBECs incubated with Mhp NFOR was significantly positively correlated with the virulence of Mhp. Overall, in addition to being a metabolic enzyme related to oxidative stress, NFOR may also function as a potential novel virulence factor of Mhp, thus contributing to the pathogenesis of Mhp; these findings provide new ideas and theoretical support for studying the pathogenic mechanisms of other mycoplasmas.

scholarly journals Retrospective study of swine respiratory diseases in Ogun and Oyo States, Nigeria: Immunohistochemical detection of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-82
Author(s):  
M.O. Olaniyi ◽  
O.J. Awoyomi ◽  
O. Akinniyi ◽  
A.A. Adebiyi ◽  
O.O. Alaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Enzootic Pneumonia ◽  
Morphological Criteria ◽  
Veterinary Pathology ◽  
Pig Carcasses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lymphoid Nodules

Swine respiratory diseases particularly enzootic pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhyo) constitutes a significant health problem to pig production in many countries. However, the impact has been underestimated in Nigeria. This study therefore, retrospectively analyzed swine respiratory diseases and the associated pulmonary histopathology. Postmortem records and archival lung samples were obtained from the Departments of Veterinary Pathology University of Ibadan, Ibadan and Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta. A total of 98 pig carcasses were presented for necropsy during the period between 2005 and 2017. The diseases presumptively diagnosed using gross morphological criteria were extracted from the postmortem records while, 21 formalin-fixed archival lung samples were used for histopathology and immunohistochemistry using standard techniques. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics while Chi Square was used to test for association between different variables and pulmonary lesions at α0.05. In this study, respiratory diseases had a prevalence of 56.1% with enzootic pneumonia as the most frequently diagnosed at postmortem (49%, 48/98). Only age was identified to be a significant (P = 0.019) predisposing factor in the development of respiratory diseases. Microscopically, hyperplasia of bronchus associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) with formation of lymphoid nodules and thickening of alveolar septa were the most significant changes (38.1%, 8/21). Immunohistochemically, M. hyopneumoniae antigen was detected in 13/21 (61.9%) of the lung samples and were immunolabelled as granular brown reactions on the luminal surfaces of bronchial and bronchiolar epithelial cells and intraluminal cellular exudates within the airways. The histopathological findings and the detection of M. hyopneumoniae antigen indicated that the organism is primarily involved in the development of enzootic pneumonia in naturally infected pigs and may be central in the pathogenesis. It is concluded that enzootic pneumonia is a serious health issue in pigs in the study area and needs urgent attention. Keywords: Archival lung samples, Histopathology, Pigs, Pneumonia, Retrospective analysis  

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