scholarly journals Field Trial Assessment of Two Commercial Vaccines Against Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcial Marcos ◽  
Javier Rabanal ◽  
David del Pico ◽  
Jesús Bollo ◽  
Alfredo Romero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽  
Lung Lesion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intradermal Vaccination ◽  
Enzootic Pneumonia ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Reduction ◽  
Unvaccinated Control

Abstract Background: Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M.hyo) is one of the most prevalent pathogens causing respiratory disorders in swine populations as well as primary agent of porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC). The aim of this trial is to compare the efficacy of two commercial vaccines under field conditions, applied via different routes of administration, as a tool to control disease.Results: 3 groups each consisting of 440 animals, were included in this longitudinal study; one group vaccinated against M.hyo with an intradermal vaccine (group I), a second group vaccinated with an intramuscular vaccine 2940 strain (group H) and finally a third group, not vaccinated as a control (group N). All animals were individually weighed at weaning; upon entry into the fattening unit and just prior to movement to the slaughterhouse. Pigs from each group were periodically blood sampled to evaluate the immunological status against other pathogens involved in PRDC. Tracheobronchial swabs were collected from 30 pigs per treatment group during the final weighing. Slaughterhouse lung lesion evaluations were developed to assess levels of enzootic pneumonia-like lesions (EP) and pleuritis (P).Statistical evaluation of all test parameters indicated a better performance of the intradermal vaccinated group (group I):· in terms of weight (kg) just prior to movement to the slaughterhouse, (I= 97.45; H = 93.44; N = 93.05).· The number of positive tracheobronchial swabs, as well as M.hyo load detected individually (I = 36.7% positive samples with log10 Ct average value 1.48; H = 100% with log10 Ct 1.40; and N = 96.7% with log10 Ct 1.40),· EP prevalence (I = 35.1%, H = 47.0%, N = 50.5%) and· Pleurisy prevalence (I = 22.4%, H = 29.7%, N = 39.3%).In terms of the involvement of other PRDC pathogens, the serological study could lead us to think that the agents studied were present at same level in the all 3 vaccination groups.Conclusion: In this study, intradermal vaccination provided better performance than unvaccinated control group and intramuscular vaccine, in terms of weight increase (versus intramuscular group); reduction of enzootic pneumonia and pleurisy lesions, and tracheobronchial M.hyo prevalence at the end of the finishing period.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the clinical efficacy of a water soluble formulation of tylvalosin in the control of enzootic pneumonia associated with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida in pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Lopez Rodriguez ◽  
Anna Catharina Berge ◽  
Cliff Ramage ◽  
Ryan Saltzman ◽  
Rickie J. Domangue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽  
Lung Lesion ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Enzootic Pneumonia ◽  
Challenge Study ◽  
Lower Lung ◽  
Clinical Cases

Abstract Background The efficacy of a water soluble formulation of tylvalosin (Aivlosin® 625 mg/g granules) was evaluated in the treatment and metaphylaxis of Enzootic Pneumonia (EP) in pigs. In all four trials, pigs in the tylvalosin group were administered 10 mg tylvalosin/kg bodyweight in drinking water daily for 5 consecutive days (TVN). In a single-challenge study, pigs were inoculated with lung homogenate containing Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. In a dual challenge study, pigs were sequentially inoculated with pure culture of M. hyopneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida. Efficacy was evaluated based on reduction of lung lesions compared to unmedicated control pigs (CTL). In two field studies at European commercial farms with confirmed outbreaks of EP, treatment efficacy in clinically affected fatteners was evaluated based on improved clinical conditions compared to pigs treated with tylosin at 10 mg/kg by injection for 3 consecutive days (TYL). In these field trials, healthy in contact pigs were enrolled for metaphylaxis efficacy evaluation based on reduction in incidence of new clinical cases of respiratory disease compared to unmedicated pigs (CTL). Results In the M. hyopneumoniae-only challenge study, pigs in TVN group had lower lung lesion scores than CTL (6.52 vs. 14.97; p <  0.001). In the dual challenge study with M. hyopneumoniae and P. multocida, pigs in TVN group had lower lung lesion scores than CTL (3.32 vs. 8.37; p <  0.01) and the recovery of both challenge bacteria from the lungs was lower in TVN compared with CTL group (p <  0.01). In field outbreaks of EP, multicentre analysis showed that 13 days after the start of medication, treatment success for TVN pigs was significantly better than for TYL pigs (80.0% vs 48.7% p = 0.03) and metaphylactic administration of TVN significantly reduced the incidence of new clinical cases (2.1% vs. 7.8%; p <  0.01) compared with unmedicated controls. Conclusions Tylvalosin at 10 mg/kg daily for 5 days in drinking water was safe and effective in the treatment and metaphylaxis of EP in pigs associated with infections of M. hyopneumoniae either alone or in combination with P. multocida under both experimental challenge and field natural infection conditions.

scholarly journals Influence of Maternal Antibody on the Efficacy of Newcastle Disease Vaccination in Broilers

2020 ◽  
pp. 108-114
Author(s):  
Pubaleem Deka ◽  
Sangeeta Das ◽  
Pankaj Deka
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Maternal Antibody ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Economic Implication ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Unvaccinated Control

The half-life of maternal antibody (mAb) titres against Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) were estimated in order to trace its likely declining pattern and the influence on the efficacy of vaccination in broiler chicks. Our study was also conducted to compare two vaccination regimens with live and inactivated NDV vaccine. For this purpose, ninety day-old broiler chicks with known NDV vaccination history of parent stock were randomly allocated into three groups (I) unvaccinated control, (II) Live NDV vaccine, and (III) Live + Inactivated NDV vaccine. Haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibodies were determined in the pre- and post-vaccination sera of the experimental chicks. The results indicated that the unvaccinated group showed higher level of mAb against NDV at day 1 with HI antibody titre (Log2) 9.32 which was maintained up to 7 days of age (8.11) and gradually declined with no measurable antibodies of maternal origin after day 14, signifying the initiation of Newcastle Disease (ND) vaccination at 7 days of age. The vaccinated Group II and III revealed significantly higher HI titre at day 14 (11.52, 12.42), day 21 (12.95, 13.22), day 28 (11.63, 12.18) and day 35 (13.31, 13.39) than the unvaccinated control group I. Moreover, there is no significant difference in humoral immune response among both the vaccinated groups. Thus, our study suggests the use of live NDV vaccines for ND prevention in commercial broiler farming over the inactivated NDV vaccines which demands a withdrawal period before slaughter and its economic implication due to additional cost. This study also indicated that the half-life values of mAb and its effect should be considered while customizing an effective vaccine regimen.

scholarly journals Induction and estrous synchronization during the non-breeding season in Saanen goats

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 429
Author(s):  
Anamaria Luciana Blaga Petrean ◽  
Liviu Bogdan ◽  
Sanda Andrei ◽  
Ileana Bogdan ◽  
Mihai Raţiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Benzyl Alcohol ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Isopropyl Ester ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Estrous Synchronization ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

The purpose of this study was to perform the induction and estrous synchronization of Saanen goats in the non-breeding season. The study was conducted from July 2014 - April 2015 on 77 Saanen goats, aged between 1.5 to 5 years. The goats were divided into three experimental groups: in group I (n =37 goats) intravaginal sponge (Ovigest) containing 60 mg of MPA was left in the vagina for 14 days. Immediately after sponge removal the animals received two injections: prostaglandin (Prosolvin) at the dose of 0.75 mg (1 ml)/animal and PMSG hormone (Folligon) at the dose of 500 IU/animal. In group II (n=20) induction and estrous synchronization was performed using synthetic prostaglandin (Proliz - 1 ml containing 0.2 mg isopropyl ester of cloprostenol and 9 mg benzyl alcohol) at the dose of 0.5 ml/animal. The group III (n=20) was considered the control group and estrous synchronization was performed using fertile bucks. In group I the results showed that all goats expressed signs of estrous. The average value of the estrous interval was 33 hours and the average of estrous duration was 20 hours. The number of kids obtained in group I was 94, and prolificacy was P (%) = 2.54. In group II and III was not observed occurrence of estrous. Induction and estrous synchronization show economic benefits by shortening the time needed for pregnancy installation, possibility of births grouping, preparation and organization of mating, only if we use a hormone associated protocol and we rigorous respect therapy steps.

scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN BRAIN OF PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION, HYPOTHYROIDISM AND DURING THE COMORBID COURSE OF THESE TWO DISEASES

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 67-71
Author(s):  
M.I. Lesiv ◽  
V.A. Hryb
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Brain

This article presents the investigation of structural parameters of the brain in 67 patients aged 47.23 ± 2.64 years, whose duration of the disease was 13.27 ± 0.75 (from 2 to 19) years. The control group included 18 healthy individuals of the same age (47.84 ± 0.36 years), whose selection was carried out based on the anamnesis and the absence of hypothyroidism and hypertension. According to the data we discussed in our previous publications, during neuropsychological testing we registered memory deterioration in patients with hypertension assessed by the test for learning 10 words according to the method proposed by A.R. Luria (p <0.05), as well as serial counting by the Matisse scale (p <0.05). The patients with hypothyroidism were found as demonstrating attention deficiency (p <0.05) by applying the method of "Selectivity of attention" (G. Munsterberg test). For more detailed assessment, we used Schulte tables, the result of which demonstrates the state of the domain of the patient's executive functions and proves the instability of attention. The analysis of the results showed that taking into account the interaction between hypertension and hypothyroidism, the most affected cognitive domains were memory and attention, respectively (p <0.05). To diagnose cognitive and mnestic disorders of all groups, we used MR imaging, measured the transverse dimensions of the medial, lateral (temporal horn) and vertical perihippocampal spaces, and evaluated the volume of gray matter (cortex) of the frontal lobe of the brain in 3 zones. The measurements were performed in the right and left hemispheres. There was a significant increase in the indices of the medial and upper perihippocampal right and left in the patients in group III compared with the groups I and II. The lateral perihypocampal index did not differ significantly in the three groups (p> 0.05). Thus, taking into account the interaction of factors (hypertension and hypothyroidism), the patients were found to have an increase in perihippocampal indices (p> 0.05). Based on the data in table 2, in the patients of group I the average value of the frontal lobe was 634.06 ± 10.92. In the patients of group II, the average value of the frontal lobe was 638.6 ± 7.82, and in the patients of group III, the average value of the frontal lobe was 601.3 ± 3,325. There was no statistically significant difference between groups I and II (p = 0.05). But groups I and III demonstrated statistically significant difference between the indicators (p <0.05). We also found a statistically significant difference between groups II and III (p <0.05). Thus, in patients with hypertension, hypothyroidism and hypertension with concomitant hypothyroidism, an increase in perihippocampal indices, a decrease in the volume of gray matter (cortex) of the frontal lobe of the brain (right and left), significantly exceeded possible (involutional or otherwise). Thus, the results of the study indicate that in cases of isolated hypertension, hypothyroidism, and in the comorbidity of hypertension and hypothyroidism, there has been detected a significant acceleration of atrophic processes.

Clinical evaluation of intradermal vaccination against porcine enzootic pneumonia (Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 170 (10) ◽  
pp. 261-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Tassis ◽  
V. G. Papatsiros ◽  
T. Nell ◽  
D. Maes ◽  
C. Alexopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Evaluation ◽  
Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽  
Intradermal Vaccination ◽  
Enzootic Pneumonia

scholarly journals Estimation of the prevalence of respiratory diseases in pigs in north-eastern Poland: Survey of pulmonary lesions in pigs at a slaughterhouse

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Przyborowska-Zhalniarovich ◽  
Y Zhalniarovich ◽  
K Wasowicz
Keyword(s):  
Swine Influenza Virus ◽  
Swine Influenza ◽  
Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Enzootic Pneumonia ◽  
Average Value ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Identical Number ◽  
Major Pathogens

A total of 29 520 animals, from 164 batches of pigs belonging to an identical number of herds, were involved in the study. The considered population of pigs were limited to the region of north-eastern Poland involving six voivodeships. From each herd, samples of blood were collected to evaluate the antibody titres to Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, Aujeszky’s disease virus and swine influenza virus. At an abattoir, the lung lesions of each batch were scored and the enzootic pneumonia-like lesion average value was calculated. Lesions, indicative of enzootic pneumonia, were found in 57.8% of the lungs. For all lungs, the enzootic pneumonia-like lesion average value was 1.74, ranging from 0.42 to 3.56 among the 164 batches. In the examined pig population, 57.8% were considered suffering from swine respiratory disease, the majority of the affected pigs came from the Podlaskie (21.7%) and Greater Poland (17.25%) voivodeships. In the most affected voivodeships, 88.37% and 85.16% of the farms were considered as disease-susceptible for Greater Poland and Podlaskie, respectively. The findings indicate that, in pigs in north-eastern Poland, the major pathogens causing pneumonia-like lesions are Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (68.9%) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (44%).

scholarly journals Ultrastructural observation of the airways of recovered and susceptible pigs after inoculation with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

1998 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Francisco Irigoyen ◽  
William Van Alstine ◽  
John Turek ◽  
L. Kirk Clark
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ultrastructural Observation ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

To determine the morphological differences in the epithelium of the airways of recovered and susceptible pigs after Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae challenge, twenty-four 4-week-old M. hyopneumoniae-free pigs were intratracheally inoculated with 107ccu/ml of a pure low-passaged culture of the P5722-3 strain of M. hyopneumoniae challenge material. Eight pigs (group I) were challenged at the beginning of the experiment and rechallenged 3 months later. Group II pigs were also challenged at the beginning of the experiment and necropsied 3 months later. Group III pigs were challenged at the same time as the rechallenge of group I pigs. Eight nonchallenged pigs served as controls (group IV). Three days after the second challenge of group I and the first challenge of group III, and every 3 and 4 days thereafter, two pigs from each group were euthanatized by electrocution and necropsied. Samples of bronchi and lung tissue were examined using light and electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). Macroscopic lesions were observed in the lungs of all group III pigs (average = 4.74%) and were characterized by purple-red areas of discoloration and increased firmness affecting the cranioventral aspect of the lungs. Macroscopic lesions of pneumonia in groups I and II were minimal (less than 1%). There were no gross lesions of pneumonia in control (group IV) pigs. Microscopic lesions were characterized by hyperplasia of the peribronchial lymphoid tissue and mild neutrophilic infiltrates in alveoli. Electron microscopy showed patchy areas with loss of cilia and presence of leukocytes and mycoplasmas in bronchi of susceptible pigs (group III). The bronchial epithelium of rechallenged (group I), recovered (group II), and control (group IV) pigs was ultrastructurally similar indicating recovery of the former two groups. Although mycoplasmas were seen among cilia, a second challenge on pigs of group I did not produce another episode of the disease nor did it enhance morphological changes, suggesting that those pigs could become carriers of M. hyopneumoniae.

Field study on the safety and efficacy of intradermal versus intramuscular vaccination againstMycoplasma hyopneumoniae

2017 ◽  
Vol 181 (13) ◽  
pp. 348-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Beffort ◽  
Christine Weiß ◽  
Kerstin Fiebig ◽  
Rika Jolie ◽  
Mathias Ritzmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Onset ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intradermal Vaccination ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Lung Lesions ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Unvaccinated Control ◽  
Safety Parameters ◽  
Efficacy Parameters

The present study compares the safety and efficacy of a needle-free, intradermalMycoplasma hyopneumoniaevaccine to an intramuscular one. 420 piglets (21+3 days of age) were randomly assigned to two vaccination groups (intradermal vaccination V1 (n=138), intramuscular vaccination V2 (n=144)) and one unvaccinated control group (CG, n=138). As safety parameters clinical observations, local injection site reactions (ISR) and rectal temperatures were assessed. Average daily weight gain (ADWG) and pneumonic lung lesions (LL) were measured as efficacy parameters. ISRs were minor in V1. After both vaccinations, no adverse impact on appetite was observed and mean rectal temperatures remained within physiological range. ADWG during the fattening period was significantly higher in vaccinated groups (V1: 913.4 g, V2: 924.5 g) compared with CG (875.6 g). No differences in ADWG were observed between V1 and V2. Vaccinated pigs had a significantly reduced mean extent of LL compared with CG. V1 was superior in reducing the extent and prevalence of LL compared with V2. These results reveal that a needle-free intradermal vaccination is safe and efficacious in reducing both the prevalence and extent of lung lesions, as well as in improving performance parameters, in a farrow-to-finish farm with a late onset ofM hyopneumoniae infection.

The Quantitative Ultrastructure of the Heart Muscle of Japanese Quail by Hypergravitation, Hypodynamy and Combination

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-189
Author(s):  
Anton Bózner ◽  
Mikuláš Gažo ◽  
Jozef Dostál
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Heart Muscle ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Combination Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Space Flights ◽  
Group I ◽  
Quantitative Ultrastructure

It is anticipated that Japanese quail /Coturnix coturnix japonica/ will provide animal proteins in long term space flights. Consequently this species of birds is of research interest of international space program INTERCOSMOS. In the year 1987 we reported on an experiment /2/ in which the effect of chronic acceleration of 2 G hypergravitation, the hypodynamy and the simultaneous effect of chronic acceleration and the location in the centre of the turntable of the centrifuge on the protein fractions in skeletal muscles was studied. The ultrastructure of the heart muscle was now in this experiments examined as well.Japanese quail cockerels, aged 48 days were exposed to 2 G hypergravitation /group IV/ in a 6,4 m diameter centrifuge, to hypodynamy /group III/ and their combination /group V/, respectively for 6 days / Fig.1/. The hypodynamy in group III was achieved by suspending the birds in jackets without contact the floor. The group II was located in the centre ofthe turntable of the centrifuge. The control group I. was kept under normal conditions. The quantitative ultrastructure of myocard was evaluated by the methods of Weibel/3/ - this enables to determine the number, relative size and volume of mitochondria volume of single mitochondria, defficiency of mitochondrial cristae and volume of myofibrils.

Features of the cervix uteri in women of reproductive age with endometrial polyps and micropolyps

2016 ◽  
pp. 108-111
Author(s):  
T.F. Tatarchuk ◽  
◽  
D.G. German ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cervix Uteri ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Endometrial Polyps ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Aggressive Form ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Control Group Group

The article presents the comparative analysis of the state of the cervix in women with endometrial polyps and micropolyps. Patients and methods. The study involved 130 patients aged 18-35 years: 70 patients with endometrial polyps (group I), 30 patients with micropolyps (group II) and 30 patients of the control group (group III). Results. According to the anamnesis of women in the I group were significantly more frequent diseases of the cervix, which corrected physical surgery methods, in particular cryodestruction. In group II, the representatives of these indicators were similar to healthy. Normal colposcopic picture met significantly less frequently in patients and I, and II group. The differences in the incidence of HPV high oncogenic risk in all groups were not statistically significant. Conclusion. Destructive methods used in the detection of any changes in the cervix are often overly aggressive, form scars and contributing to inflamaciones process. In the chain of events leading to the formation of PE, cervical pathology and its correction can take the basic place. Key words: endometrial polyp, micropolyps, chronic endometritis, uterine cervix, colposcopy.

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