East Asia and Solar Energy Trade Network Patterns

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Yang ◽  
Jessie P. Poon ◽  
Wen Dong
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Trade Network ◽  
Energy Trade ◽  
Network Patterns

Ancient south east Asian maritime trade.

2021 ◽  
pp. 107-121
Author(s):  
James F. Hancock
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
East Asian ◽  
First Century ◽  
Maritime Trade ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
The South ◽  
Trade Network

Abstract This chapter entails fourteen subchapters that detail the course of the South East Asian maritime trade. The subsections are about the beginning of Indonesian trade, the origin of trade between India and South East Asia, maritime trade of the Anuradhapura Kingdom, the Indianization of Indonesia, China's slow entry into the South East Asia trade network, Java becomes the nucleus of Indonesia, the Chinese Pilgrims - Chroniclers of the ancient spice and silk routes, early trade in the outer reaches of Indonesia, the Golden Peninsula, the first great trading empire: Funan, South East Asian trading spheres in the early first century CE, European connections, the two ways to Rome, and finally, the first direct contact between Rome and China.

Impact of changes in crude oil trade network patterns on national economy

2019 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 104490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian Xi ◽  
Jinsheng Zhou ◽  
Xiangyun Gao ◽  
Donghui Liu ◽  
Huiling Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Trade Network ◽  
Network Patterns

scholarly journals Co-opetition Relationships and Evolution of the World Dairy Trade Network: Implications for Policy-Maker Psychology

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Hu ◽  
Xun Xi ◽  
Yueyue Zhang ◽  
Rung-Tai Wu
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Dairy Product ◽  
Small World ◽  
Trade Network ◽  
Trade Blocs ◽  
The World ◽  
Trade Bloc

This study conducted a social network analysis of the evolutionary characteristics of the world dairy trade network based on the overall trade pattern. In addition, the evolution of trade blocs and the co-opetition relationships involving dairy products in major countries were analyzed in terms of supply and demand. The results show that continuous and complex changes have taken place in the world’s dairy trade network since 2001. The number of trade entities in dairy products has stabilized since 2012. At present, approximately 94% of countries (regions) are involved in dairy product trade, such that the world dairy trade network exhibits the small-world effect and scale-free property. The world import pattern for dairy products has changed. While export centers have not changed, import centers have shifted from Europe, America, and East Asia to North America, East Asia, and the Middle East. The world dairy trade network consists of the EU trade bloc headed by Germany, the former Soviet Union–Brazil trade bloc, and the Asia–Australia–America trade bloc. The trade blocs have evolved due to geographical positions, historical cultures, and political relations. In a trade bloc, the diversification of import sources is more prominent in demand countries. European and Asian markets have become the main markets of the major exporters. In this study, the evolutionary characteristics of the world dairy trade network and the co-opetition relationships were analyzed to provide scientific support to inform the development of dairy trade policies. The results can provide technical and psychological support to policy-makers in various countries in their dairy trade decision-making.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Potential of Nanofluids Containing Different Ag Nanoparticle Size Distributions for Enhanced Solar Energy Conversion in Hybrid Photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) Applications

Nano Express ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Walshe ◽  
John Doran ◽  
George Amarandei
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluid ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Energy Trade ◽  
Electrical Power Output

Abstract Hybridising photovoltaic and photothermal technologies into a single system that can simultaneously deliver heat and power represents one of the leading strategies for generating clean energy at more affordable prices. In a hybrid photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) system, the capability to modulate the thermal and electrical power output is significantly influenced by the spectral properties of the heat transfer fluid utilised. In this study, we report on one of the first experimental evaluations of the capability of a multimodal silver nanofluid containing various particle shapes and particle sizes to selectively modulate the solar energy for PVT applications. The diverse set of particle properties led up to a 50.4% enhancement in the solar energy absorbed by the nanofluid over the 300 nm – 550 nm spectral region, where silicon is known to exhibit poor photovoltaic conversion performances. This improved substantially the absorption of solar energy, with an additional 18 – 129 W m-2 of thermal power being generated by the PVT system. Along with the advancements made in the thermal power output of the PVT system, a decrease of 4.7 – 36.6 W m-2 in the electrical power generated by the photovoltaic element was noted. Thus, for every ~11 W m-2 increase of thermal power achieved through the addition of the nanoparticles, a reduction of ~3 W m-2 in the ability to generate clean electricity was sustained by the PVT. Despite the energy trade-offs involved under the conditions of the nanofluid, the PVT system cumulatively harvested 405 W m-2 of solar energy, which amounts to a total conversion efficiency of 45%. Furthermore, the economics of the additional energy harvested through merging of the two systems was found to reach an enhancement of 77% under certain European conditions.

scholarly journals International competitiveness and potential for trade cooperation on clean energy between the USA and China

2020 ◽  
Vol 194 ◽  
pp. 02007
Author(s):  
Yaowu Dong ◽  
Xuesong Li ◽  
Jie Wu ◽  
Yaoyao Liu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
International Competitiveness ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Strong Potential ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Energy Trade

As two super powers in energy consumption and carbon emission, the United States and China have been striving to develop clean energy in recent years. In this paper, we study the international competitiveness and potential for trade cooperation in clean energy between the two countries. This paper reveals that the United States has comparative advantages in terms of biomass energy and nuclear power, while China has comparative advantages in terms of solar energy and wind energy. The two countries have a strong complementarity in solar energy, biomass energy and nuclear energy with exporting from the United States and importing from China. In solar energy and wind energy a strong complementarity has been formed with exporting from China and importing into the United States. So the two countries have a strong potential for cooperation. Meanwhile, the potential trade cooperation is enhancing with the United States accelerating the development and exportation in natural gas. Therefore, the two countries have a strong trade complementarity on clear energy and a strong potential for cooperation in general. At the same time, the VCR model is built based on the clean energy Trade Complementary Index(TCIc and TCIu) between the United States and China. It can be found that the clean energy trade cooperation helps to curb CO2 emissions and promotes the GDP growth in the United States. However, China is in the early stage of clean energy development, the cooperation would cause a decline of GDP in China.

scholarly journals Application of Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithm for Determination of the Solar Electric Potential in Gorkha Bazzar, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aamod Khatiwada ◽  
Rabin Dhakal ◽  
Sirapa Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Maximum Power Point ◽  
Hilly Region ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Power Point

It is inevitable fact that the use of excessive fossil fuel has establisheditself as a major concern for the existence of living kinds in the world. So thedevelopment of renewable energy source has been the must task to minimize theenergy crisis as well as the problems created by the use of fossil fuels. Nepal is acountry with geographical and climatic diversity in South East Asia with meansolar radiation of 4.7 kWh/m2 per day and a surface area of 1, 47,181 km2. It isthe region in South East Asia with a tremendous amount of solar energy potential.Among three major geographical regions namely Himalayan, Hilly and Terairegion, this study has been performed at Gorkha Municipality, located at centralNepal in Hilly region to determine the solar energy potential for grid-connectedphotovoltaic systems installed on rooftops. A methodology was developed, inwhich the characteristics of the buildings were categorized, followed by thecalculation of the roof surface area where photovoltaic panels could be installed.After that, the mean solar irradiation characteristics were defined as well as thetechnical parameters of the photovoltaic systems. With all these factors, theamount of electricity that could be potentially generated per year by solar panelsis estimated. Finally, the calculations were made to estimate the amount ofelectricity that could be generated with the implementation of incrementalconductance method for tracking the maximum Power Point and also, the systemwas developed using Arduino, PHP programming language, current and voltagesensors which aids for the maintenance of the installed photovoltaic cells.

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