Middle portion of the wheat culm remobilizes more carbon reserve to grains under drought

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushil Thapa ◽  
Jackie C. Rudd ◽  
Kirk E. Jessup ◽  
Shuyu Liu ◽  
Jason A. Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Portion

scholarly journals Exploring the physical controls of regional patterns of flow duration curves – Part 4: A synthesis of empirical analysis, process modeling and catchment classification

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 4483-4498 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Yaeger ◽  
E. Coopersmith ◽  
S. Ye ◽  
L. Cheng ◽  
A. Viglione ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Flow ◽  
Middle Portion ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Regional Patterns ◽  
Flow Duration ◽  
Analysis Process ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Physical Controls ◽  
Flow Duration Curves

Abstract. The paper reports on a four-pronged study of the physical controls on regional patterns of the flow duration curve (FDC). This involved a comparative analysis of long-term continuous data from nearly 200 catchments around the US, encompassing a wide range of climates, geology, and ecology. The analysis was done from three different perspectives – statistical analysis, process-based modeling, and data-based classification – followed by a synthesis, which is the focus of this paper. Streamflow data were separated into fast and slow flow responses, and associated signatures, and both total flow and its components were analyzed to generate patterns. Regional patterns emerged in all aspects of the study. The mixed gamma distribution described well the shape of the FDC; regression analysis indicated that certain climate and catchment properties were first-order controls on the shape of the FDC. In order to understand the spatial patterns revealed by the statistical study, and guided by the hypothesis that the middle portion of the FDC is a function of the regime curve (RC, mean within-year variation of flow), we set out to classify these catchments, both empirically and through process-based modeling, in terms of their regime behavior. The classification analysis showed that climate seasonality and aridity, either directly (empirical classes) or through phenology (vegetation processes), were the dominant controls on the RC. Quantitative synthesis of these results determined that these classes were indeed related to the FDC through its slope and related statistical parameters. Qualitative synthesis revealed much diversity in the shapes of the FDCs even within each climate-based homogeneous class, especially in the low-flow tails, suggesting that catchment properties may have become the dominant controls. Thus, while the middle portion of the FDC contains the average response of the catchment, and is mainly controlled by climate, the tails of the FDC, notably the low-flow tails, are mainly controlled by catchment properties such as geology and soils. The regime behavior explains only part of the FDC; to gain a deeper understanding of the physical controls on the FDC, these extremes must be analyzed as well. Thus, to completely separate the climate controls from the catchment controls, the roles of catchment properties such as soils, geology, topography etc. must be explored in detail.

scholarly journals The Cambro-Ordovician limestones of the middle portion of the Valley of Virginia

1905 ◽  
Vol s4-20 (120) ◽  
pp. 445-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Middle Portion

scholarly journals Evaluation of the panoramic image formation in different anatomic positions

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 458-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Brait Silva Ladeira ◽  
Adriana Dibo da Cruz ◽  
Solange Maria de Almeida ◽  
Frab Norberto Bóscolo
Keyword(s):  
Horizontal Plane ◽  
Image Formation ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Image Size ◽  
Radiographic Image ◽  
Middle Portion ◽  
Image Layer ◽  
Acrylic Plate ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
Digital Caliper

The aim of this study was to determine size, shape and position of the image layer by evaluation of the radiographic image formation in different anatomic positions. A customized phantom was made of a rectangular acrylic plate measuring 14 cm² and 0.3 cm thick, with holes spaced 0.5 cm away and arranged in rows and columns. Each column was separately filled with 0.315 cm diameter metal spheres to acquire panoramic radiographs using the Orthopantomograph OP 100 unit. The customized phantom was placed on the mental support of the device, with its top surface kept parallel to the horizontal plane, and was radiographed at three different heights from the horizontal plane, i.e., the orbital, occlusal and mandibular symphysis levels. The images of the spheres were measured using a digital caliper to locate the image layer. The recorded data were analyzed statistically by the Student'-t test, ANOVA and Tukey' test (?=0.05). When the image size of spheres in horizontal and vertical axes were compared, statistically significant differences (p<0.05) were observed in all areas, portions of the image layer and heights of horizontal plane evaluated. In the middle portion of the image layer, differences in the image size of spheres were observed only along the horizontal axis (p<0.05), whereas no differences were observed along the vertical axis (p>0.05). The methodology used in this determined the precise size, shape and position of the image layer and differences in magnification were observed in both the horizontal and vertical axes.

scholarly journals Biostratigraphy and paleoecology of an unusual palynological record from the Aquidauana Formation, Late Pennsylvanian of Paraná Basin

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 611-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo A. Souza ◽  
José A.J. Perinotto ◽  
Cristina M. Félix ◽  
Bruno C. Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Middle Portion ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Paleontological Data ◽  
Reproduction Strategy ◽  
Paraná Basin ◽  
Parana Basin ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul ◽  
Glacial Climate ◽  
Sedimentary Unit

The Aquidauana Formation is a Permo-Carboniferous sedimentary unit, widely stratigraphicaly distributed in the northwestern and northern portions of the Paraná Basin. However, little paleontological data is available from this formation, preventing accurate biostratigraphic and paleoecological interpretations. An abundant, diversified and well preserved assemblage of palynomorphs was recognized from sampling conducted in an outcrop section in Cipolândia District of Aquidauana Municipality, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. A total of 35 indigenous palynomorph taxa was recognized, comprising 6 species of spores (related to 5 genera), 28 species of pollen grains (14 genera) and 1 species of chlorophycean algae. Monosaccate pollen grains are exceptionally dominant, representing 90.38% of the association, particularly constituted by species of the genera Cannanoropollis (30.41% of the total assemblage), Potonieisporites (28.14%) and Plicatipollenites (19.52%). This quantitative overrepresentation is not usual from Gondwana deposits, revealing a particular plant dominance of Cordaitales in the terrestrial flora. These results are interpreted as an upland ecology characterized by plants with a moisture-independent reproduction strategy, under a glacial climate influence. Certain species of pollen allow assignment of this assemblage to the Crucisaccites monoletus Zone (Late Pennsylvanian), which had been recognized only in the middle portion of the Itararé Group at the northeastern margin of the basin.

Computed Tomogram Findings of Mucous Recirculation between the Natural and Accessory Ostia of the Maxillary Sinus

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 265-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung-Kyu Chung ◽  
Do Yeon Cho ◽  
Hun Jong Dhong
Keyword(s):  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Ring Structure ◽  
Endoscopic Examination ◽  
Mucous Secretion ◽  
Middle Portion ◽  
Anterior Portion ◽  
Posterior Portion

Background The phenomenon of recirculation involves the circulation of mucous secretion between the natural ostium and other openings and is observed mainly after surgery when the surgical opening is not connected. Methods Seven patients with a mucous stream transporting into an accessory ostium, as found during endoscopic examination, were entered into study. The coronal computed tomogram findings of the mucous recirculation were analyzed at three levels: anterior, middle, and posterior portion of it. Results The anterior portion was visualized at the level of the natural ostium in five patients. The middle portion inside the maxillary sinus was visible in six cases. The posterior portion was visualized at the level of the accessory ostium in five patients. Among the axial scans, mucous rings were visible in two patients. Conclusions The primary mucous recirculation between the natural and accessory openings is shown as a ring structure in coronal computed tomogram scans.

scholarly journals Two new species of the genus Crenicichla Heckel, 1840 from the upper rio Uruguay drainage (Perciformes: Cichlidae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A. S. de Lucena
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Horizontal Line ◽  
Lower Edge ◽  
Middle Portion ◽  
Lateral Band ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Vertical Bars

Two new species of the genus Crenicichla from the upper rio Uruguay basin are described, Crenicichla hadrostigma and C. empheres. Both are included in the C. missioneira species group along with C. missioneira, C. minuano, C. tendybaguassu, C. igara, and C. jurubi, all occurring in the upper and middle rio Uruguay drainage. Crenicichla hadrostigma is distinguished by the conspicuous ocellated posttemporal blotch, absence of a humeral spot and lateral band, and the presence in males of nine to 16 narrow vertical bars extending from the dorsum to a horizontal line that passes through the lower edge of pectoral axilla. Crenicichla empheres is distinguished from the other species of the missioneira-group by the presence of six to eight horizontally elongate dark blotches along the middle portion of the body, slightly below the upper lateral line, absence of a lateral band, presence in males of numerous dark and irregularly arranged spots on nape, back, and sides of body, and isognathous mouth. A key to the species from rio Uruguay basin is presented.

scholarly journals Evoked Spinal Reflexes and Force Development in Elite Athletes With Middle-Portion Achilles Tendinopathy

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 785-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsing-Kuo Wang ◽  
Kwan-Hwa Lin ◽  
Yu-Kuang Wu ◽  
Shyh-Ching Chi ◽  
Tifany Ting-Fang Shih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Achilles Tendinopathy ◽  
Spinal Reflexes ◽  
Middle Portion ◽  
Force Development

scholarly journals Euphorbia adenoplicata, a New Species of Euphorbia sect. Crossadenia from Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-136
Author(s):  
Otávio Luis Marques da Silva ◽  
Guilherme Medeiros Antar ◽  
Ricarda Riina ◽  
Inês Cordeiro
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Middle Portion ◽  
Cerrado Biome ◽  
A New Species

Abstract—A new species, Euphorbia adenoplicata, is here described and illustrated. The species was found in the vicinity of Serra Geral do Tocantins, close to the border of the states of Tocantins and Bahia, within the Cerrado biome, where it grows in cerrado rupestre (rocky savannah vegetation). Euphorbia adenoplicata is placed in Euphorbia sect. Crossadenia based on morphological characters. The species is unique within the section due to its cyathial glands with the margins folded in the middle portion, splitting each gland into two cavities. We compare the morphology and ecology of E. adenoplicata with E. sarcodes and other species of E. sect. Crossadenia subsect. Ephedropeplus. Finally, we recommend that E. adenoplicata be considered critically endangered due to its extreme rarity.

scholarly journals Three redescriptions in Tintinnopsis (Protista: Ciliophora: Tintinnina) from coastal waters of China, with cytology and phylogenetic analyses based on ribosomal RNA genes

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Bai ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Wen Song ◽  
Lifang Li ◽  
Luciana F. Santoferrara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Middle Portion ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Molecular Information ◽  
Ciliary Tuft ◽  
Rna Genes ◽  
Rrna Sequences

Abstract Background The taxonomy of tintinnine ciliates is vastly unresolved because it has traditionally been based on the lorica (a secreted shell) and it has only recently incorporated cytological and molecular information. Tintinnopsis, the most speciose tintinnine genus, is also the most problematic: it is known to be non-monophyletic, but it cannot be revised until more of its species are studied with modern methods. Results Here, T. hemispiralis Yin, 1956, T. kiaochowensis Yin, 1956, and T. uruguayensis Balech, 1948, from coastal waters of China, were studied. Lorica and cell features were morphometrically investigated in living and protargol-stained specimens, and sequences of three ribosomal RNA (rRNA) loci were phylogenetically analyzed. The three species show a complex ciliary pattern (with ventral, dorsal, and posterior kineties and right, left, and lateral ciliary fields), but differ in lorica morphology, details of the somatic ciliature and rRNA gene sequences. Tintinnopsis hemispiralis is further distinguished by a ciliary tuft (a ribbon of very long cilia originated from the middle portion of the ventral kinety and extending out of the lorica) and multiple macronuclear nodules. Both T. kiaochowensis and T. uruguayensis have two macronuclear nodules, but differ in the number of somatic kineties and the position of the posterior kinety. Two neotypes are fixed for T. hemispiralis and T. kiaochowensis to stabilize the species names objectively, mainly because of the previous unavailability of type materials. By phylogenetic analysis and comparison with closely-related species, we infer that the ciliary tuft and details such as the commencement of the rightmost kinety in the lateral ciliary field are synapomorphies that may help clarify the systematics of Tintinnopsis-like taxa. Conclusion The redescriptions of three poorly known Tintinnopsis species, namely T. hemispiralis, T. kiaochowensis, and T. uruguayensis firstly revealed their ciliary patterns and rRNA sequences. This study expands knowledge and database of tintinnines and helps in identifying potential synapomorphies for future taxonomic rearrangements.

scholarly journals Improvement of Hargreaves–Samani Reference Evapotranspiration Estimates with Local Calibration

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Althoff ◽  
Robson Argolo dos Santos ◽  
Helizani Couto Bazame ◽  
Fernando França da Cunha ◽  
Roberto Filgueiras
Keyword(s):  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Local Calibration ◽  
Middle Portion ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Irrigation Water Management ◽  
Single Calibration ◽  
Separate Calibration

Improving irrigation water management is an important asset when facing increased water shortages. The Hargreaves–Samani (HS) method is a simple method that can be used as an alternative to the Penman–Monteith (PM) method, which requires only temperature measurements for estimating reference evapotranspiration (ETo). However, the applicability of this method relies on its calibration to local meteorological specificities. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of local calibration on the performance of the HS equation. The study was carried out for the middle portion of the São Francisco River Basin (MSFB), Brazil, and considered four calibration approaches: A1—single calibration for the entire MSFB; A2—separate calibration by clusters of months; A3—by clusters of stations; and A4—for all contexts resulting by combining A2 and A3. Months from the wet season showed larger improvements by the calibration of the HS model, since mean air temperature and its daily range showed stronger correlations to ETo. On the other hand, the months from the dry season and stations from the eastern region of MSFB performed poorly regardless of the calibration approach adopted. This occurred because, in those cases, ETo presented larger correlation to variables that are missing in the HS equation, and the use of the full PM equation seems unavoidable.

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