Why does early childhood deprivation increase the risk for depression and anxiety in adulthood? A developmental cascade model

The chapter highlights results from the Buffalo Longitudinal Study, which began in infancy and was guided by a developmental cascade model. The chapter discusses the importance of the co-occurrence of parent alcohol problems with depression and antisocial behavior beginning in early childhood, and how these parental risks in infancy may predict the quality of parent–child interactions and infant–parent attachment. These processes in early childhood may set the stage for one of the most salient developmental issues at preschool age—the development of self-regulation. Together, the parent–child relationship and child self-regulation may predict one of the most clearly established pathways to adolescence substance use disorders—continuity of externalizing problems from childhood to adolescence. Finally, this chapter presents results from a developmental cascade model from infancy to adolescence, with implications for development of preventive interventions for adolescent substance use disorders.

Brain laterality, depression and anxiety disorders: New findings for emotional and verbal dichotic listening in individuals at risk for depression

Laterality Asymmetries of Body Brain and Cognition ◽

10.1080/1357650x.2015.1105247 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 21 (4-6) ◽

pp. 525-548 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Gerard E. Bruder ◽

Jorge Alvarenga ◽

Karen Abraham ◽

Jamie Skipper ◽

Virginia Warner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Anxiety Disorders ◽

Dichotic Listening ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Brain Laterality ◽

New Findings ◽

Risk For Depression

The neural correlates of verbal encoding and retrieval in monozygotic twins at low or high risk for depression and anxiety

Biological Psychology ◽

10.1016/j.biopsycho.2008.01.002 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 79 (1) ◽

pp. 80-90 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Saskia P.A. Wolfensberger ◽

D.J. Veltman ◽

W.J.G. Hoogendijk ◽

M.B. De Ruiter ◽

D.I. Boomsma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Monozygotic Twins ◽

Neural Correlates ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Risk For Depression ◽

Encoding And Retrieval

Risk for Depression and Anxiety in Youth: The Interaction between Negative Affectivity, Effortful Control, and Stressors

Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology ◽

10.1007/s10802-015-9997-7 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 207-218 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Lauren D. Gulley ◽

Benjamin L. Hankin ◽

Jami F. Young

Keyword(s):

Effortful Control ◽

Negative Affectivity ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Risk For Depression

An Assessment of Existential Worldview Function among Young Women at Risk for Depression and Anxiety—A Multi-Method Study

Archive for the Psychology of Religion ◽

10.1163/15736121-12341337 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 165-203

Author(s):

Christina Sophia Lloyd ◽

Britt af Klinteberg ◽

Valerie DeMarinis

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

At Risk ◽

Interpersonal Relations ◽

Public Mental Health ◽

Health Concern ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Ontological Security ◽

Outpatient Psychotherapy ◽

Mental Health Concern ◽

Risk For Depression

Increasing rates of psychiatric problems like depression and anxiety among Swedish youth, predominantly among females, are considered a serious public mental health concern. Multiple studies confirm that psychological as well as existential vulnerability manifest in different ways for youths in Sweden. This multi-method study aimed at assessing existential worldview function by three factors: 1) existential worldview, 2) ontological security, and 3) self-concept, attempting to identify possible protective and risk factors for mental ill-health among female youths at risk for depression and anxiety. The sample comprised ten females on the waiting list at an outpatient psychotherapy clinic for teens and young adults. Results indicated that both functional and dysfunctional factors related to mental health were present, where the quality and availability of significant interpersonal relations seemed to have an important influence. Examples of both an impaired worldview function and a lack of an operating existential worldview were found. Psychotherapeutic implications are discussed.

School Roles: A Way to Investigate Participation

Exceptionality Education International ◽

10.5206/eei.v21i1.7666 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jacqueline A Specht ◽

Gillian A King ◽

Michelle Servais ◽

Marilyn Kertoy ◽

Terry Spencer

Keyword(s):

Academic Achievement ◽

Students With Disabilities ◽

Children With Disabilities ◽

Role Identity ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Southern Ontario ◽

School Participation ◽

Independent Learner ◽

School Roles ◽

Risk For Depression

Students who are more engaged in school have higher academic achievement, lower dropout rates, and increased involvement in activities during early adult-hood. Unfortunately, children with disabilities participate less than children without disabilities, thus increasing their risk for depression and anxiety. This study investigated the lack of school participation from a roles perspective. Roles refer to clusters of meaningful activities that are expected of, and assumed by, in-dividuals in various contexts of their lives. Fifteen teachers from Southern Ontario, Canada, were interviewed about the roles in which children participate in school and 24 students in grades 4 through 7 were observed in order to deter-mine the roles in which they engaged. Overall, students with disabilities engaged in less positive roles (Challenged Learner; Victim; Bully), while students without disabilities engaged in more positive roles (Independent Learner; Nurturer; Friend). Ideas for improving participation through role identity and engagement are discussed.

Kagan counters Freud, Piaget theories on early childhood deprivation effects

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e388402004-002 ◽

1973 ◽

Author(s):

Bill Pratt ◽

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Childhood Deprivation

Early childhood deprivation is associated with alterations in adult brain structure despite subsequent environmental enrichment

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1911264116 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 117 (1) ◽

pp. 641-649 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Nuria K. Mackes ◽

Dennis Golm ◽

Sagari Sarkar ◽

Robert Kumsta ◽

Michael Rutter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Early Childhood ◽

Surface Area ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Brain Structure ◽

Adult Brain ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

The Impact ◽

Childhood Deprivation ◽

Area And Volume

Early childhood deprivation is associated with higher rates of neurodevelopmental and mental disorders in adulthood. The impact of childhood deprivation on the adult brain and the extent to which structural changes underpin these effects are currently unknown. To investigate these questions, we utilized MRI data collected from young adults who were exposed to severe deprivation in early childhood in the Romanian orphanages of the Ceaușescu era and then, subsequently adopted by UK families; 67 Romanian adoptees (with between 3 and 41 mo of deprivation) were compared with 21 nondeprived UK adoptees. Romanian adoptees had substantially smaller total brain volumes (TBVs) than nondeprived adoptees (8.6% reduction), and TBV was strongly negatively associated with deprivation duration. This effect persisted after covarying for potential environmental and genetic confounds. In whole-brain analyses, deprived adoptees showed lower right inferior frontal surface area and volume but greater right inferior temporal lobe thickness, surface area, and volume than the nondeprived adoptees. Right medial prefrontal volume and surface area were positively associated with deprivation duration. No deprivation-related effects were observed in limbic regions. Global reductions in TBV statistically mediated the observed relationship between institutionalization and both lower intelligence quotient (IQ) and higher levels of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms. The deprivation-related increase in right inferior temporal volume seemed to be compensatory, as it was associated with lower levels of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms. We provide compelling evidence that time-limited severe deprivation in the first years of life is related to alterations in adult brain structure, despite extended enrichment in adoptive homes in the intervening years.

‘Negativity bias’ in risk for depression and anxiety: Brain–body fear circuitry correlates, 5-HTT-LPR and early life stress

NeuroImage ◽

10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.05.009 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 804-814 ◽

Cited By ~ 97

Author(s):

Leanne M. Williams ◽

Justine M. Gatt ◽

Peter R. Schofield ◽

Gloria Olivieri ◽

Anthony Peduto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life Stress ◽

Early Life ◽

Early Life Stress ◽

Negativity Bias ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Risk For Depression