Evolution, plasticity and evolving plasticity of phenology in the tree species Alnus glutinosa

The paper describes the root system architecture of the forest tree species Fagus sylvatica L., Quercus robur L., Pinus sylvestris L., Carpinus betulus L., Acer platanoides L., and Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. at the age of 80–220 years growing on the slopes of the Krušné hory Mts. at the altitude of 330 to 480 m above sea level. These species were influenced by open-pit mining of brown coal as well as by power engineeting. The investigation also involves the determination of soil properties of Ranker Cambisols.

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Results of a Tree Species Trial on a Recontoured Surface Mine in Southwestern Virginia

Southern Journal of Applied Forestry ◽

10.1093/sjaf/9.3.150 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 150-153 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

J. L. Torbert ◽

J. A. Burger ◽

J. N. Lien ◽

S. H. Schoenholtz

Keyword(s):

Pinus Taeda ◽

Tree Species ◽

Populus Deltoides ◽

Black Locust ◽

Alnus Glutinosa ◽

Black Alder ◽

Platanus Occidentalis ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Tenfold Increase ◽

Strip Mine

Abstract Fifteen tree species, five pine and ten hardwood, were planted on a reclaimed, return-to-contour, strip-mine site in Wise County, Virginia. A systemic herbicide was sprayed on half of each of four experimental blocks prior to the second growing season. After three growing seasons, this treatment resulted in increased survival of five species. Black locust (Robina pseudoacacia) performed best with 90% survival and a tenfold increase in height. Other hardwoods that showed promise were black alder (Alnus glutinosa), sycamore (Platanus occidentalis), and cottonwood (Populus deltoides). As a group, the pines outperformed the hardwoods. Loblolly (Pinus taeda) and Virginia pine (Pinus Virginiana) were the fastest growing, and survival of each was signifcantly higher on the sprayed plots.

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Consequences of different sample drying temperatures for accuracy of biomass inventories in forest ecosystems

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-73053-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Andrzej M. Jagodziński ◽

Marcin K. Dyderski ◽

Kamil Gęsikiewicz ◽

Paweł Horodecki

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Large Scale ◽

Forest Ecology ◽

Abies Alba ◽

Alnus Glutinosa ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Biomass Estimation ◽

Stem Wood ◽

Two Temperatures ◽

The Difference

Abstract Biomass estimation is one of the crucial tasks of forest ecology. Drying tree material is a crucial stage of preparing biomass estimation tools. However, at this step researchers use different drying temperatures, but we do not know how this influences accuracy of models. We aimed to assess differences in dry biomass between two drying temperatures (75 °C and 105 °C) in tree biomass components and to provide coefficients allowing for recalculation between the given temperatures. We used a set of 1440 samples from bark, branches, foliage and wood of eight European tree species: Abies alba Mill., Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn., Betula pendula Roth., Fagus sylvatica L., Larix decidua Mill., Picea abies (L.) H. Karst., Pinus sylvestris L. and Quercus robur L. The differences between drying temperatures were 1.67%, 1.76%, 2.20% and 0.96% of sample dry masses of bark, branches, foliage and stem wood, respectively. Tree species influenced these differences. Our study provided coefficients allowing for recalculation of masses between the two temperatures, to unify results from different studies. However, the difference in dry mass between the two temperatures studied is lower than the range of uncertainty of biomass models, thus its influence on results of large-scale biomass assessments is low.

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Reproductive success, selected nest characteristics and the effectiveness of establishing protection zones of the lesser spotted eagle (Aquila pomarina) population in Slovakia

Slovak Raptor Journal ◽

10.1515/srj-2015-0010 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 127-145

Author(s):

Miroslav Dravecký ◽

Boris Maderič ◽

Ján Kicko ◽

Štefan Danko ◽

Dušan Karaska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Success ◽

Tree Species ◽

Abies Alba ◽

Alnus Glutinosa ◽

Breeding Population ◽

Protection Zone ◽

Protection Zones ◽

Aquila Pomarina ◽

Special Protection Areas ◽

Breeding Seasons

Abstract In 2011–201 4 monitoring of the lesser spotted eagle (Aquila pomarina) breeding population was conducted in eight special protection areas in Slovakia. From a total of 272 successful breeding attempts by 1 49 breeding pairs during 4 breeding seasons 277 young birds were fledged. The average reproductive success ratio was thus 0.51 juv./pair present, 0.69 juv./breeding pair and 1 .37 juv./1 00 km2. In the surveyed period a total of 1 51 protection zones were established around the nests in 11 9 breeding territories, which provided protection for 1 7% of the breeding population of the lesser spotted eagle in Slovakia. By testing the effectiveness of protection zones it was determined that in nests with an established protection zone the probability of successful raising of young is higher in comparison with nests without such a zone. The probability that breeding will be successful in the nests of breeding pairs without a protection zone was 48.1% (95% confidence intervals (CIs): 37.4–59.0%), and in nests with a protection zone 64.8% (95% CIs: 59.8–69.6%). Among the five most frequent nest tree species used by A. pomarina in Slovakia for breeding are Picea abies 61 × (28.4%), Pinus sylvestris 45× (20.9%), Quercus sp. 36× (1 6.7%), Fagus sylvatica 25× (11 .6%) and Abies alba 1 8× (8.4%). Among the rarer nest tree species used are Larix decidua 1 2× (5.6%) and Alnus glutinosa 3× (1 .4%), while a further 11 species of nest trees did not achieve even 1%. The highest number of nest trees (n = 21 5), i.e. 34 nests (1 5.8%), was found in the altitude range of 401–450 m a.s.l. and 29 nests (1 3.5%) at 351–400 m a.s.l. Other altitude zones were all below the 1 0% mark. A total of 54% of nests found (11 6 nests) are located in the altitude zone of 301–600 m a.s.l., and 71 nests (33%) in the zone 600–900 m a.s.l. The lowest situated nest was at an altitude of 1 50 m and the highest at 950 m; the average was 595.01 m a.s.l. The highest number of nests (n = 209) were located on trees in a range 1 5.1–20.0 m above the ground (n = 92, 44%), while the lowest nest found was at a height of 5 m and the highest at 30 m above the ground.

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Halophytophthora fluviatilis Pathogenicity and Distribution along a Mediterranean-Subalpine Gradient

Journal of Fungi ◽

10.3390/jof7020112 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 112

Author(s):

Maria Caballol ◽

Dora Štraus ◽

Héctor Macia ◽

Xavier Ramis ◽

Miguel Á. Redondo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brackish Water ◽

Tree Species ◽

Alnus Glutinosa ◽

Quercus Pubescens ◽

Dry Conditions ◽

Floating Leaves ◽

Precipitation Records ◽

Forest Streams ◽

Low Precipitation

Halophytophthora species have been traditionally regarded as brackish water oomycetes; however, recent reports in inland freshwater call for a better understanding of their ecology and possible pathogenicity. We studied the distribution of Halophytophthora fluviatilis in 117 forest streams by metabarcoding river filtrates taken in spring and autumn and by direct isolation from floating leaves. Pathogenicity on six Fagaceae species and Alnus glutinosa was assessed by stem inoculations. The distribution of H. fluviatilis was correlated with high mean annual temperatures (>93.5% of reports in Ta > 12.2 °C) and low precipitation records. H. fluviatilis was therefore widely distributed in forest streams in a warm–dry climate, but it was mostly absent in subalpine streams. H. fluviatilis was primarily detected in autumn with few findings in spring (28.4% vs. 2.7% of streams). H. fluviatilis was able to cause small lesions on some tree species such as Quercus pubescens, Q. suber and A. glutinosa. Our findings suggest that H. fluviatilis may be adapted to warm and dry conditions, and that it does not pose a significant threat to the most common Mediterranean broadleaved trees.

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Health condition parameters for deciduous trees in the forest stands of Trostyanetske Forest Enterprise

Наукові праці Лісівничої академії наук України ◽

10.15421/411913 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 129-137

Author(s):

Valentyna Meshkova ◽

Tetiana Pyvovar ◽

Oleksandr Tovstukha

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Forest Health ◽

Alnus Glutinosa ◽

Condition Index ◽

Health Condition ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Left Bank ◽

Epicormic Shoots ◽

Black Alder ◽

Tree Defoliation

The aim of research was to evaluate the variability and relations with forest health condition its main parameters (defoliation, dieback and epicormic shoots occurrence) in seven tree species: Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.), black alder (Alnus glutinosa L.), silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.), European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.), English oak (Quercus robur L.), small-leaved lime (Tilia cordata Mill.), and white elm (Ulmus laevis Pall). Research was carried out in 2018 in Trostyanetske Forest Enterprise (Left-bank Forest Steppe; Sumy region). Diameter (DBH), Kraft class, and category of health condition were assessed for each tree. Defoliation, dieback and epicormic shoots occurrence were evaluated as proportion of trees with respective symptoms. Severity of each parameter of tree health condition was estimated using respective scores. No tree species is defoliated over 50%. A birch is characterized by the lowest health condition index (1.6) for living trees, dieback (10%), epicormic shoots occurrence (15.9%) and recently died trees proportion (0.7%), but high proportion of trees died over year ago (10.7%). An oak is characterized by the highest health condition index (2.1), proportion of trees with dieback (45.4%) and epicormic shoots (21.7%). Proportion of trees with dieback is 21.5 to 25% for alder, lime and maple, a bit higher for elm and ash (30.9 and 31.3% respectively). DBH, Kraft class, and health condition index significantly correlate with health condition parameters of analyzed tree species, but the most of correlations are very slight and slight. Correlation between health condition index and defoliation score is significant, positive and high for all tree species (from 0.78 for alder to 0.9 for birch). Correlation between health condition index and dieback score is positive and significant for all tree species, is slight for ash, birch, lime, and alder, and moderate for maple, oak and elm. Correlation between health condition index and epicormic shoots occurrence is significant and positive for all tree species except birch, but is very slight in all cases except elm, where it is slight.

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Survival and growth of the Melolontha spp. grubs on the roots of the main forest tree species

Forest Research Papers ◽

10.2478/frp-2014-0035 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 75 (4) ◽

pp. 375-383 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Danuta Woreta ◽

Lidia Sukovata

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Food Quality ◽

Tree Species ◽

Betula Pendula ◽

Alnus Glutinosa ◽

Forest Tree ◽

Quercus Petraea ◽

Basic Knowledge ◽

Relative Growth ◽

Survival And Growth

Abstract The survival, weight and relative growth rate (RGR) of the Melolontha spp. grubs feeding on roots of Quercus petraea, Q. robur, Fagus sylvatica, Betula pendula, Larix decidua, Alnus glutinosa and Pinus sylvestris, were examined. Overall, the youngest grubs L1 were the most affected by food quality. The mortality of the grubs feeding on the roots of A. glutinosa changed most rapidly and, consequently, LT50 was the shortest (25.9 days), whereas the slowest changes in mortality with the highest LT50 values were observed on the two oak species (54.9 and 44.9 days on Q. robur and Q. petraea, respectively). The RGRs of the L1 grubs were the highest on oaks, F. sylvatica and B. pendula. The overall rate of survival of the older grubs was high (66.7–100%). It was the lowest on the roots of B. pendula (L2 grubs) and L. decidua (L3 grubs), which at the same time displayed the highest RGRs. The interpretation of the results is difficult due to the lack of basic knowledge on the potential effects of food quality and other factors on grub metamorphosis. There is no doubt, however, that among the seven tested tree species the roots of A. glutinosa are the least favorable for the Melolontha grubs’ performance.

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Blue light advances bud burst in branches of three temperate deciduous tree species under short-day conditions

10.1101/259101 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Craig C. Brelsford ◽

T Matthew Robson

Keyword(s):

Blue Light ◽

Tree Species ◽

Quercus Robur ◽

Betula Pendula ◽

Alnus Glutinosa ◽

Deciduous Tree ◽

Bud Burst ◽

Spring Phenology ◽

Temperate Deciduous ◽

Successional Species

AbstractDuring spring, utilising multiple cues allow temperate tree species to coordinate their bud burst and leaf out, at the right moment to capitalise on favourable conditions for photosynthesis. Whilst the effect of blue light (400-500nm) has been shown to increase percentage bud burst of axillary shoots of Rosa sp, the effects of blue light on spring-time bud burst of temperate deciduous tree species has not previously been reported. We tested the hypotheses that blue light would advance spring bud burst in temperate tree species, and that late-successional species would respond more than early-successional species, who’s bud burst is primarily determined by temperature. The bud development of Alnus glutinosa, Betula pendula, and Quercus robur branches, cut from dormant trees, was monitored under two light treatments of equal photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, 400-700 nm) and temperature, either with or without blue light, under controlled environmental conditions. In the presence of blue light, the mean time required to reach 50% bud burst was reduced by 3.3 days in Betula pendula, 6 days in Alnus glutinosa, and 6.3 days in Quercus robur. This result highlights the potential of the blue region of the solar spectrum to be used as an extra cue that could help plants to regulate their spring phenology, alongside photoperiod and temperature. Understanding how plants combine photoreceptor-mediated cues with other environmental cues such as temperature to control phenology is essential if we are to accurately predict how tree species might respond to climate change.Key MessageAn LED spectrum containing blue light advanced bud burst in branches of Betula pendula, Alnus glutinosa and Quercus robur compared with a spectrum without blue light in a controlled environment.

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Forest edge effects on the mycorrhizal communities of the dual-mycorrhizal tree species Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.

The Science of The Total Environment ◽

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.290 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 666 ◽

pp. 703-712 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Margaux Boeraeve ◽

Olivier Honnay ◽

Hans Jacquemyn

Keyword(s):

Edge Effects ◽

Tree Species ◽

Alnus Glutinosa ◽

Forest Edge

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Investigations into the declining health of alder (Alnus glutinosa) along the river Lagan in Belfast, including the first report of Phytophthora lacustris causing disease of Alnus in Northern Ireland

10.1101/2019.12.13.875229 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Richard O Hanlon ◽

Julia Wilson ◽

Deborah Cox

Keyword(s):

Ecosystem Services ◽

Northern Ireland ◽

Tree Species ◽

Plant Material ◽

Alnus Glutinosa ◽

Molecular Testing ◽

First Report ◽

Wide Range ◽

Future Risk ◽

Symptomatic Plant

AbstractCommon alder (Alnus glutinosa) is an important tree species, especially in riparian and wet habitats. Alder is very common across Ireland and Northern Ireland, and provides a wide range of ecosystem services. Surveys along the river Lagan in Belfast, Northern Ireland led to the detection of several diseased Alnus trees. As it is known that Alnus suffers from a Phytophthora induced decline, this research set out to identify the presence and scale of the risk to Alnus health from Phytophthora and other closely related oomycetes. Sampling and a combination of morphological and molecular testing of symptomatic plant material and river baits identified the presence of several Phytophthora species, including Phytophthora lacustris. A survey of the tree vegetation along an 8.5 km stretch of the river revealed that of the 166 Alnus trees counted, 28 were severely defoliated/diseased and 9 were dead. Inoculation studies using potted Alnus saplings demonstrate that P. lacustris was able to cause disease, and Koch’s postulates for this pathogen-host combination were completed, which suggests a future risk to Alnus health from P. lacustris in Northern Ireland.

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