scholarly journals Halophytophthora fluviatilis Pathogenicity and Distribution along a Mediterranean-Subalpine Gradient

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Maria Caballol ◽  
Dora Štraus ◽  
Héctor Macia ◽  
Xavier Ramis ◽  
Miguel Á. Redondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brackish Water ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
Quercus Pubescens ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Floating Leaves ◽  
Precipitation Records ◽  
Forest Streams ◽  
Low Precipitation

Halophytophthora species have been traditionally regarded as brackish water oomycetes; however, recent reports in inland freshwater call for a better understanding of their ecology and possible pathogenicity. We studied the distribution of Halophytophthora fluviatilis in 117 forest streams by metabarcoding river filtrates taken in spring and autumn and by direct isolation from floating leaves. Pathogenicity on six Fagaceae species and Alnus glutinosa was assessed by stem inoculations. The distribution of H. fluviatilis was correlated with high mean annual temperatures (>93.5% of reports in Ta > 12.2 °C) and low precipitation records. H. fluviatilis was therefore widely distributed in forest streams in a warm–dry climate, but it was mostly absent in subalpine streams. H. fluviatilis was primarily detected in autumn with few findings in spring (28.4% vs. 2.7% of streams). H. fluviatilis was able to cause small lesions on some tree species such as Quercus pubescens, Q. suber and A. glutinosa. Our findings suggest that H. fluviatilis may be adapted to warm and dry conditions, and that it does not pose a significant threat to the most common Mediterranean broadleaved trees.

Contrasting strategies for tree species to cope with heat and dry conditions at urban sites

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 853-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sten Gillner ◽  
Sandra Korn ◽  
Mathias Hofmann ◽  
Andreas Roloff
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Urban Sites

scholarly journals Using CHIRPS Dataset to Assess Wet and Dry Conditions along the Semiarid Central-Western Argentina

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan A. Rivera ◽  
Sofía Hinrichs ◽  
Georgina Marianetti
Keyword(s):  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Temporal Features ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Central Western Argentina ◽  
Zero Values ◽  
The Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Precipitation Records

The Climate Hazards group Infrared Precipitation with Stations (CHIRPS) dataset was conceived as a tool for monitoring drought and environmental change over land. Recent validation efforts along South America have assessed its suitability for reproducing the main spatial and temporal features of precipitation. Nevertheless, little has been done regarding the ability of CHIRPS for the assessment of wet and dry conditions, particularly in areas where in situ precipitation records are scarce. In this paper, we investigated the performance of CHIRPS for monitoring wet and dry events along the semiarid Central-Western Argentina. Using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), we compared the CHIRPS database with records from 49 meteorological stations along the study area for the period 1987–2016. Results indicate that the CHIRPS dataset adequately reproduced the temporal variability of SPI on multiple timescales (1 month, 3 months, and 6 months), particularly in the region dominated by warm season precipitation. The large overestimation of the seasonal precipitation in the region dominated by cold season precipitation can introduce errors that are reflected in the performance of CHIRPS over the western portion of the domain. The frequency of wet and dry classes was accurately reproduced by CHIRPS on timescales larger than 1 month (SPI1), given the existence of a wet bias that produces an underestimation of the frequency of zero values. This bias is further translated to the evaluation of the SPI1 during the spatial and temporal assessment of historical dry (1998) and wet (2016) events, especially for the classification of extreme dry/wet months. The results from the evaluation indicate that CHIRPS is a suitable tool for assessing dry and wet conditions for timescales longer than 1 month and can support decision-making process within the hydrometeorological agencies over the region.

scholarly journals Floristic Change at the Drought Limit of European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) to Downy Oak (Quercus pubescens) Forest in the Temperate Climate of Central Europe

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 646-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert REIF ◽  
Fotios XYSTRAKIS ◽  
Stefanie GÄRTNER ◽  
Uwe SAYER
Keyword(s):  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Quercus Pubescens ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Tolerant Species ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L ◽  
Shallow Soils

An increase in drought could cause shifts in species composition and vegetation structure. In forests it limits the occurrence of drought sensitive tree species which become replaced by drought tolerant tree species and forest communities. Under temperate macroclimatic conditions, European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) naturally dominates the forested landscape, except on extremely shallow soil in combination with high irradiation. On these sites beech reaches its drought limit, and is replaced by forests dominated by species like downy Oak (Quercus pubescens s.l.) and English Oak (Quercus petraea L). Phytosociological and ecological data were collected in the transition (ecotone) between European beach stands and stands of more drought tolerant species in order to quantify the drought intensity threshold, above which beech is replaced by drought tolerant species. It was shown that favourable topographic and soil conditions partially compensated the unsuitable climatic conditions for beech. The ecotone between these forest types was found to be characterized by shallow soils with an available soil water storage capacity of 73 l/m² or less, and an irradiation intensity of 6000 MJ/m2 or more during the growing season. This indicates that under conditions of climate change beech would naturally still remain the dominant tree species on the majority of central European forest sites.

scholarly journals Evolution, plasticity and evolving plasticity of phenology in the tree species Alnus glutinosa

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. De Kort ◽  
K. Vander Mijnsbrugge ◽  
K. Vandepitte ◽  
J. Mergeay ◽  
O. Ovaskainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Alnus Glutinosa

scholarly journals Criteria for using natural material of tree species for the introduction in the dry conditions of Khakasia

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 269-274
Author(s):  
G. N. Gordeeva
Keyword(s):  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Natural Material ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Term Data

Criteria for using natural material of tree species were selected for the introduction in the dry conditionsof Khakasia by taking species of the genus Sorbus L. as an example. According to the analysis of long-term data ofthe growth and development rhythm of plants, winter hardiness and drought-resistance scoring, main criteria for thepreliminary selection in the arboretum of Khakassiahave been revealed: species native ranges, species winter-hardiness,length of growing period and annual precipitation.

scholarly journals Root systems of forest tree species and their soil-conservation functions on the Krušné hory Mts. slopes disturbed by mining

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 561-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Čermák ◽  
F. Fér
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Acer Platanoides ◽  
Forest Tree Species

The paper describes the root system architecture of the forest tree species <I>Fagus sylvatica</I> L.,<I> Quercus robur</I> L.,<I> Pinus sylvestris</I> L.,<I> Carpinus betulus</I> L.,<I> Acer platanoides</I> L., and <I>Alnus glutinosa</I> (L.) Gaertn. at the age of 80–220 years growing on the slopes of the Krušné hory Mts. at the altitude of 330 to 480 m above sea level. These species were influenced by open-pit mining of brown coal as well as by power engineeting. The investigation also involves the determination of soil properties of Ranker Cambisols.

Results of a Tree Species Trial on a Recontoured Surface Mine in Southwestern Virginia

1985 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 150-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Torbert ◽  
J. A. Burger ◽  
J. N. Lien ◽  
S. H. Schoenholtz
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Black Locust ◽  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
Black Alder ◽  
Platanus Occidentalis ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Tenfold Increase ◽  
Strip Mine

Abstract Fifteen tree species, five pine and ten hardwood, were planted on a reclaimed, return-to-contour, strip-mine site in Wise County, Virginia. A systemic herbicide was sprayed on half of each of four experimental blocks prior to the second growing season. After three growing seasons, this treatment resulted in increased survival of five species. Black locust (Robina pseudoacacia) performed best with 90% survival and a tenfold increase in height. Other hardwoods that showed promise were black alder (Alnus glutinosa), sycamore (Platanus occidentalis), and cottonwood (Populus deltoides). As a group, the pines outperformed the hardwoods. Loblolly (Pinus taeda) and Virginia pine (Pinus Virginiana) were the fastest growing, and survival of each was signifcantly higher on the sprayed plots.

scholarly journals Consequences of different sample drying temperatures for accuracy of biomass inventories in forest ecosystems

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej M. Jagodziński ◽  
Marcin K. Dyderski ◽  
Kamil Gęsikiewicz ◽  
Paweł Horodecki
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Forest Ecology ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Biomass Estimation ◽  
Stem Wood ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Biomass estimation is one of the crucial tasks of forest ecology. Drying tree material is a crucial stage of preparing biomass estimation tools. However, at this step researchers use different drying temperatures, but we do not know how this influences accuracy of models. We aimed to assess differences in dry biomass between two drying temperatures (75 °C and 105 °C) in tree biomass components and to provide coefficients allowing for recalculation between the given temperatures. We used a set of 1440 samples from bark, branches, foliage and wood of eight European tree species: Abies alba Mill., Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn., Betula pendula Roth., Fagus sylvatica L., Larix decidua Mill., Picea abies (L.) H. Karst., Pinus sylvestris L. and Quercus robur L. The differences between drying temperatures were 1.67%, 1.76%, 2.20% and 0.96% of sample dry masses of bark, branches, foliage and stem wood, respectively. Tree species influenced these differences. Our study provided coefficients allowing for recalculation of masses between the two temperatures, to unify results from different studies. However, the difference in dry mass between the two temperatures studied is lower than the range of uncertainty of biomass models, thus its influence on results of large-scale biomass assessments is low.

scholarly journals Reproductive success, selected nest characteristics and the effectiveness of establishing protection zones of the lesser spotted eagle (Aquila pomarina) population in Slovakia

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-145
Author(s):  
Miroslav Dravecký ◽  
Boris Maderič ◽  
Ján Kicko ◽  
Štefan Danko ◽  
Dušan Karaska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Protection Zone ◽  
Protection Zones ◽  
Aquila Pomarina ◽  
Special Protection Areas ◽  
Breeding Seasons

Abstract In 2011–201 4 monitoring of the lesser spotted eagle (Aquila pomarina) breeding population was conducted in eight special protection areas in Slovakia. From a total of 272 successful breeding attempts by 1 49 breeding pairs during 4 breeding seasons 277 young birds were fledged. The average reproductive success ratio was thus 0.51 juv./pair present, 0.69 juv./breeding pair and 1 .37 juv./1 00 km2. In the surveyed period a total of 1 51 protection zones were established around the nests in 11 9 breeding territories, which provided protection for 1 7% of the breeding population of the lesser spotted eagle in Slovakia. By testing the effectiveness of protection zones it was determined that in nests with an established protection zone the probability of successful raising of young is higher in comparison with nests without such a zone. The probability that breeding will be successful in the nests of breeding pairs without a protection zone was 48.1% (95% confidence intervals (CIs): 37.4–59.0%), and in nests with a protection zone 64.8% (95% CIs: 59.8–69.6%). Among the five most frequent nest tree species used by A. pomarina in Slovakia for breeding are Picea abies 61 × (28.4%), Pinus sylvestris 45× (20.9%), Quercus sp. 36× (1 6.7%), Fagus sylvatica 25× (11 .6%) and Abies alba 1 8× (8.4%). Among the rarer nest tree species used are Larix decidua 1 2× (5.6%) and Alnus glutinosa 3× (1 .4%), while a further 11 species of nest trees did not achieve even 1%. The highest number of nest trees (n = 21 5), i.e. 34 nests (1 5.8%), was found in the altitude range of 401–450 m a.s.l. and 29 nests (1 3.5%) at 351–400 m a.s.l. Other altitude zones were all below the 1 0% mark. A total of 54% of nests found (11 6 nests) are located in the altitude zone of 301–600 m a.s.l., and 71 nests (33%) in the zone 600–900 m a.s.l. The lowest situated nest was at an altitude of 1 50 m and the highest at 950 m; the average was 595.01 m a.s.l. The highest number of nests (n = 209) were located on trees in a range 1 5.1–20.0 m above the ground (n = 92, 44%), while the lowest nest found was at a height of 5 m and the highest at 30 m above the ground.

scholarly journals Forest Structure and Composition under Contrasting Precipitation Regimes in the High Mountains, Western Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7510
Author(s):  
Kishor Prasad Bhatta ◽  
Anisha Aryal ◽  
Himlal Baral ◽  
Sujan Khanal ◽  
Amul Kumar Acharya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Forest Structure ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
High Mountains ◽  
Precipitation Region ◽  
Precipitation Regimes ◽  
High Precipitation ◽  
Low Precipitation

The high mountains stretch over 20.4% of Nepal’s land surface with diverse climatic conditions and associated vegetation types. An understanding of tree species and forest structural pattern variations across different climatic regions is crucial for mountain ecology. This study strived to carry out a comparative evaluation of species diversity, main stand variables, and canopy cover of forests with contrasting precipitation conditions in the Annapurna range. Firstly, climate data provided by CHELSA version 1.2, were used to identify distinct precipitation regimes. Lamjung and Mustang were selected as two contrasting precipitation regions, and have average annual precipitation of 2965 mm and 723 mm, respectively. Stratified random sampling was used to study 16 plots, each measuring 500 m2 and near the tree line at an elevation range of 3000 to 4000 m across different precipitation conditions. In total, 870 trees were identified and measured. Five hemispherical photos using a fisheye lens were taken in each plot for recording and analyzing canopy cover. Margalef’s index was used to measure species richness, while two diversity indices: the Shannon–Wiener Index and Simpson Index were used for species diversity. Dominant tree species in both study regions were identified through the Important Value Index (IVI). The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was employed to determine the differences in forest structure and composition variables between the two precipitation regimes. In total, 13 species were recorded with broadleaved species predominating in the high precipitation region and coniferous species in the low precipitation region. Higher species richness and species diversity were recorded in the low precipitation region, whereas the main stand variables: basal area and stem density were found to be higher in the high precipitation region. Overall, an inverse J-shaped diameter distribution was found in both precipitation regions signifying uneven-aged forest. A higher proportion of leaning and buttressed trees were recorded in the high precipitation region. However, similar forest canopy cover conditions (>90%) were observed in both study regions. The findings of this research provide a comprehensive narrative of tree species and forest structure across distinct precipitation regimes, which can be crucial to administrators and local people for the sustainable management of resources in this complex region.

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