Polymorphism in emergence of deciduous dentition: A cross‐sectional study of Indian children

Introduction: Peak Nasal Inspiratory Flow (PNIF) measurement is a basic, convenient, easy to use and low cost method of determining the nasal airway patency. However, normative data for paediatric population is scarce and not available for Indian children aged 6 to 12 years. Aim: To establish reference value of PNIF in Indian children aged 6 to 12 years of age. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between July 2012 and June 2013 in the Himalayan range of east Sikkim district and Sub-Himalayan Terai region of Darjeeling district of West Bengal. Total 1001 children aged 6 to 12 years were selected from 16 schools by simple random sampling. Of these 1001 children, 784 children were enrolled in the study after taking into account inclusion and exclusion criteria. Repeated PNIF measurements were taken from these 784 children. Mean PNIF value was calculated. The effect of age and height on PNIF was studied. The mean and standard deviation of Peak Inhalation Flow Rate (PIFR) are calculated and compared across groups using a one-way ANOVA test. Regression analysis was done to establish an equation of predicting PNIF level based on height for normal children. The analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16 statistical software. An alpha level of 5% was chosen, which means that any p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Mean value of PNIF age group; 6-7 years-53.36 L/min, >7-8 years-56.79 L/min, >8-9 years-63.91 L/min, >9-10 years- 69.45 L/min, >10-11years- 80.71 L/min, >11-12 years-85.69 L/ min. PNIF increases with age and height. A simple formula has also been established to calculate mean PNIF at a given height. PNIF or PIFR (L/min)=-52.716+0.945×height in cm. Conclusion: PNIF measurements are possible in children aged six years and older. Age and height also affect PNIF.

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Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in Indian children in the initial phase of the pandemic: A cross-sectional study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-36303/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Bhakti Sarangi ◽

Venkat Sandeep Reddy ◽

Jitendra S. Oswal ◽

Nandini Malshe ◽

Ajinkya Patil ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Initial Phase ◽

Clinical Characteristics ◽

Indian Subcontinent ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Indian Children ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Consistent Finding ◽

Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio

Abstract Background: India saw the largest and the most stringent lockdown in the world when the number of COVID-19 cases reached around 550. With some early benefits in containing the surge and restricting the R0 of the virus, the current relaxation of lockdown norms has witnessed an exponential rise in positive cases. With scarcity of Pediatric data from the Indian subcontinent, early observations in the pandemic are pivotal in improving the understanding of physiologic behaviors, identifying risks, and guiding clinicians in assessing time-tested interventions and augmenting the awareness in the masses about the manifold clinical profiles of an evolving disease.Objective: To assess the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of children admitted with COVID-19 infection early in the pandemic.Study Design: A cross-sectional studyParticipants: Fifty children between one month and 18 years of age whose nasopharyngeal swab tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by RT- PCR. Results: 28 (56%) children were male. 41 (82%) came from government declared containment zones with only one child having history of travel to affected area. Home overcrowding was observed in 33 (66%). Of the 50 children, 29 (58%) were asymptomatic while 20 (40%) and one (2%) had mild and moderate symptoms respectively. Fever, cough, and sore throat were the most common symptoms. 49 (98%) children had BCG scar. Leucopenia was seen in three (6%) only. Mean (SD) Neutrophil-Lymphocyte-Ratio (NLR) was 0.78 (0.48) while mean (SD) CRP was 10.98 (23.90). All 50 (100%) were cured. Conclusion: Our study reasserts the increasing pediatric burden of COVID-19 with all age groups affected and overcrowding as a risk factor for continued community transmission, thus beckoning that public health policies be directed to ensuring further preventive measures. It also re-iterates the milder disease pattern in children with COVID-19 in the initial phase of the pandemic with a high proportion of asymptomatic and mild illness. Though abnormal CRP values are synonymous with the illness in children; leucopenia may not be a consistent finding.

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Assessment of risk factors for early childhood caries at different ages in Shandong, China and reflections on oral health education: a cross-sectional study

10.21203/rs.2.18718/v4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Meng Zhang ◽

Xinyue Zhang ◽

Yuan Zhang ◽

Yanan Li ◽

Chunchun Shao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Oral Health ◽

Early Childhood Caries ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Deciduous Dentition ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Oral Health Education ◽

Different Ages

Abstract Background: The high prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC) is widespread around the world, and oral health education (OHE) plays a vital role in preventing ECC. Numerous studies on ECC risk factor assessment have assisted us in enriching the content of OHE. The objective of this study was to further assess independent risk factors for ECC at different ages to provide evidence and insights for OHE.Methods: Children aged 3-5 years old (N=1301) in Shandong Province were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Data about oral health status and caregivers’ oral health knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) were extracted from the 4th National Oral Health Survey of China. The associations between ECC prevalence and various KAP variables were tested with chi-square tests, bivariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression analyses.Results: The ECC prevalence in Shandong Province was 64.6%, and the dmft mean was 3.15. The independent variables with an increased risk for ECC were age, feeding method within 6 months of birth, bedtime sugar frequency, experience of toothache over the past year and dental visits (P<0.05, chi-square tests). Complete breastfeeding within 6 months of birth primarily contributed to the high ECC risk of the 3-year-old group (OR: 3.39, 95% CI: 1.41-8.17), while high frequency bedtime sweet consumption mainly contributed to that of the 5-year-old group (OR: 3.22, 95% CI: 1.03-10.06; logistic regression analysis). Tooth brushing was not associated with ECC in this study, and some positive knowledge and attitude variables were positively correlated with a high risk of ECC.Conclusion: These data provide evidence to suggest that the ECC-related risk factors at different ages are inconsistent, which provides some insights for OHE. We should highlight the effects of feeding methods in the early stages of deciduous dentition and sugar habits in the late stages of deciduous dentition on ECC, as well as encourage preventive dental visit and supplemental training for oral health practices.

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Associations between body weight perception and weight control behaviour in South Indian children: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2012-002239 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. e002239 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Sumathi Swaminathan ◽

Sumithra Selvam ◽

Maria Pauline ◽

Mario Vaz

Keyword(s):

Weight Control ◽

Weight Perception ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Indian Children ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

South Indian ◽

Body Weight Perception ◽

Weight Control Behaviour ◽

Control Behaviour

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Occlusal Traits of Primary Dentition among Children Visiting a Dental Hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal

Nepal Medical College Journal ◽

10.3126/nmcj.v21i2.25111 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 122-127

Author(s):

Priyanka Shah ◽

J. Acharya ◽

S. Khanal

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Studies ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Primary Dentition ◽

Deciduous Teeth ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Deciduous Dentition ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Dental Hospital ◽

Different Populations

Occlusion in deciduous dentition varies among children of different populations and races. Paucity of information in Nepalese literature provided the motive for this study. The objective of this study was to examine the occlusal traits of Primary Dentition among children aged 2-6 year old. A cross-sectional study comprising total of 307 children all having deciduous teeth were included in the study. The dentition was examined using a mouth mirror and explorer under illuminated light in Department of Pedodontics and the data was recorded. All the children were screened for molar and canine relationship, overjet, overbite, spaced and non-spaced dentition. Out of the total, Mesial step terminal plane (62%-left; 58%-right), Flush terminal (33%-left; 36% -right) and Distal step (5%-left; 6%-right) were seen. Most of the children had class I canine relation (83%-left; 84%-right), ideal overjet (68.4%), overbite (63.1%) and spaced dentition. Statistical significant difference was found among the gender with respect to overjet. Presence of spacing was more in maxilla than in mandible which was statistically significant. These findings suggested desirable occlusal characteristics and spacing in primary dentition. However, future longitudinal studies are required to examine whether the transition of these occlusal characteristics will lead to favorable outcome in permanent dentition.

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