scholarly journals Cell viability in three ex vivo rat models of spinal cord injury

2018 ◽  
Vol 234 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azim Patar ◽  
Peter Dockery ◽  
Linda Howard ◽  
Siobhan S. McMahon
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Rat Models ◽  
Cord Injury

Analysis of reactive astrocytes and NG2 proteoglycan in ex vivo rat models of spinal cord injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 311 ◽  
pp. 418-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azim Patar ◽  
Peter Dockery ◽  
Linda Howard ◽  
Siobhan McMahon
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Reactive Astrocytes ◽  
Rat Models ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Ng2 Proteoglycan

scholarly journals Knockdown of long non-coding RNA LEF1-AS1 attenuates apoptosis and inflammatory injury of microglia cells following spinal cord injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng-Yu Cui ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Zhi-Ming Cui ◽  
Hong Yi ◽  
Da-Wei Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Microglial Cells ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Apoptosis And Inflammation

Abstract Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) is associated with health burden both at personal and societal levels. Recent assessments on the role of lncRNAs in SCI regulation have matured. Therefore, to comprehensively explore the function of lncRNA LEF1-AS1 in SCI, there is an urgent need to understand its occurrence and development. Methods Using in vitro experiments, we used lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to treat and establish the SCI model primarily on microglial cells. Gain- and loss of function assays of LEF1-AS1 and miR-222-5p were conducted. Cell viability and apoptosis of microglial cells were assessed via CCK8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups: Control, SCI, sh-NC, and sh-LEF-AS1 groups. ELISA test was used to determine the expression of TNF-α and IL-6, whereas the protein level of apoptotic-related markers (Bcl-2, Bax, and cleaved caspase-3) was assessed using Western blot technique. Results We revealed that LncRNA LEF1-AS1 was distinctly upregulated, whereas miR-222-5p was significantly downregulated in LPS-treated SCI and microglial cells. However, LEF1-AS1 knockdown enhanced cell viability, inhibited apoptosis, as well as inflammation of LPS-mediated microglial cells. On the contrary, miR-222-5p upregulation decreased cell viability, promoted apoptosis, and inflammation of microglial cells. Mechanistically, LEF1-AS1 served as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) by sponging miR-222-5p, targeting RAMP3. RAMP3 overexpression attenuated LEF1-AS1-mediated protective effects on LPS-mediated microglial cells from apoptosis and inflammation. Conclusion In summary, these findings ascertain that knockdown of LEF1-AS1 impedes SCI progression via the miR-222-5p/RAMP3 axis.

Behavioral, Histological, and Ex Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment of Graded Contusion Spinal Cord Injury in Mice

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 674-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca A. Nishi ◽  
Hongli Liu ◽  
Yong Chu ◽  
Mark Hamamura ◽  
Min-Ying Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment

scholarly journals Combination of epidural electrical stimulation with ex vivo triple gene therapy for spinal cord injury: a proof of principle study

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 550 ◽  
Author(s):  
HyunJoon Lee ◽  
RustemRobertovich Islamov ◽  
FilipOlegovich Fadeev ◽  
FaridVagizovich Bashirov ◽  
VaheArshaluysovich Markosyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Proof Of Principle

scholarly journals Combination of defined CatWalk gait parameters for predictive locomotion recovery in experimental spinal cord injury rat models

eNeuro ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. ENEURO.0497-20.2021
Author(s):  
Ivanna K. Timotius ◽  
Lara Bieler ◽  
Sebastien Couillard-Despres ◽  
Beatrice Sandner ◽  
Daniel Garcia-Ovejero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Rat Models ◽  
Experimental Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Cord Injury

scholarly journals Exendin-4 improves neuron protection and functional recovery in experimental spinal cord injury in rats through regulating PCBP2 expression

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huaichao Luo ◽  
Qingwei Wang ◽  
Lei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Sham Group ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Rat Models ◽  
Apoptosis Rate ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Group A

AbstractAimsIn the present research, we assessed the therapeutic effects of Exendin-4 (Ex-4) on rat models with spinal cord injury (SCI).Materials and methods36 male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly allocated into three groups, including sham operation group, SCI group and SCI+Ex-4 group (Ex-4 treatment (10 µg/rat) after SCI, i.p.). In the SCI group, a laminectomy was performed at the T10 vertebrae, followed by weight-drop contusion of the spinal cord. In the sham group, a laminectomy was carried out without SCI contusion.Key findingsOur results showed that Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan scale scores were significantly decreased after SCI, and were obviously improved in SCI rats with Ex-4 administration. Additionally, the water content of spinal cord in SCI group was dramatically increased than that in sham group, and after Ex-4 treatment, degree of edema of spinal cord was remarkably reduced. And also, concentration levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) in the spinal cord were significantly elevated after SCI, and were remarkably reduced in SCI rats with Ex-4 administration. Subsequently, cell apoptosis rate in the injured spinal cord was significantly increased, and after Ex-4 treatment, cell apoptosis rate was remarkably decreased. We also revealed that levels of PCBP2 mRNA and protein were significantly up-regulated after SCI, and were dramatically dropped in SCI rats with Ex-4 administration.SignificanceTake altogether, our findings disclosed that Ex-4 plays a role in promoting neurological function recovery and inhibiting neuronal apoptosis through effecting PCBP2 expression in SCI rat models.

scholarly journals Molecular and functional characterization of detrusor PDGFRα positive cells in spinal cord injury-induced detrusor overactivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Lee ◽  
Sang O Park ◽  
Pil-Cho Choi ◽  
Seung-Bum Ryoo ◽  
Haeyeong Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Detrusor Overactivity ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Interstitial Cells ◽  
Sk Channels ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Cord Injury

AbstractVolume accommodation occurs via a novel mechanism involving interstitial cells in detrusor muscles. The interstitial cells in the bladder are PDGFRα+, and they restrain the excitability of smooth muscle at low levels and prevents the development of transient contractions (TCs). A common clinical manifestation of spinal cord injury (SCI)-induced bladder dysfunction is detrusor overactivity (DO). Although a myogenic origin of DO after SCI has been suggested, a mechanism for development of SCI-induced DO has not been determined. In this study we hypothesized that SCI-induced DO is related to loss of function in the regulatory mechanism provided by PDGFRα+ cells. Our results showed that transcriptional expression of Pdgfra and Kcnn3 was decreased after SCI. Proteins encoded by these genes also decreased after SCI, and a reduction in PDGFRα+ cell density was also documented. Loss of PDGFRα+ cells was due to apoptosis. TCs in ex vivo bladders during filling increased dramatically after SCI, and this was related to the loss of regulation provided by SK channels, as we observed decreased sensitivity to apamin. These findings show that damage to the mechanism restraining muscle contraction during bladder filling that is provided by PDGFRα+ cells is causative in the development of DO after SCI.

Experimental spinal cord trauma: a review of mechanically induced spinal cord injury in rat models

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dauda Abdullahi ◽  
Azlina Ahmad Annuar ◽  
Masro Mohamad ◽  
Izzuddin Aziz ◽  
Junedah Sanusi
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Acute Injury ◽  
Optimal Timing ◽  
Spinal Cord Trauma ◽  
Rat Models ◽  
Human Spinal Cord ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Transient Force

AbstractIt has been shown that animal spinal cord compression (using methods such as clips, balloons, spinal cord strapping, or calibrated forceps) mimics the persistent spinal canal occlusion that is common in human spinal cord injury (SCI). These methods can be used to investigate the effects of compression or to know the optimal timing of decompression (as duration of compression can affect the outcome of pathology) in acute SCI. Compression models involve prolonged cord compression and are distinct from contusion models, which apply only transient force to inflict an acute injury to the spinal cord. While the use of forceps to compress the spinal cord is a common choice due to it being inexpensive, it has not been critically assessed against the other methods to determine whether it is the best method to use. To date, there is no available review specifically focused on the current compression methods of inducing SCI in rats; thus, we performed a systematic and comprehensive publication search to identify studies on experimental spinalization in rat models, and this review discusses the advantages and limitations of each method.

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