Three‐dimensional morphogenesis of the omental bursa from four recesses in staged human embryos

Abstract Background The infracardiac bursa (ICB), the closed space encountered in the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) surgery, is rarely described in anatomical atlases. The purpose of the study is to link surgery to embryology and propose the new anatomical chart including the ICB. Methods Histological serial sections of Carnegie stages (CS) 13–23 embryos and magnetic resonance (MR) images of the fetus with 43.5 mm crown-rump length from the Kyoto Collection of Human Embryos were examined for embryological changes in the ICB. Seventy-four surgery videos of laparoscopic and thoracoscopic esophagectomy were reviewed to investigate the appearance of the ICB and frequency of the recognition in surgery. Results The right pneumato-enteric recess appeared in CS13 embryos and the ICB was separated from the recess by the development of the diaphragm between CS17 and CS18 embryos and established as a closed space up until CS23. The three-dimensional reconstruction of fetus MR images showed the ICB was located adjacent nearly one third around the esophagus above the right crus. The ICB was clinically encountered in 12 of 14 (86%) transhiatal surgeries and 23 of 60 (38%) thoracic surgeries. Via the transhiatal approach, the caudal edge of the ICB appeared as a thick whitish membrane after the dissection of the phrenico-esophageal ligament and a closed space enveloped with a serosa was opened by the incision of the membrane. Via the right thoracic approach, the ICB appeared on the right crus after the dissection of the pulmonary ligament. Conclusion We described a new chart around EGJ including the ICB based on embryology. This anatomical chart can contribute to promote accuracy and safety of operating procedures around the EGJ. Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

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Anatomical Variability of Fascial-Muscle Formations of the Thorax in 4-6-Month Human Fetuses

Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini bìologìï ta sportu ◽

10.26693/jmbs06.05.134 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (5) ◽

pp. 134-140

Author(s):

T. V. Khmara ◽

◽

I. I. Okrym ◽

M. Yu. Leka ◽

I. D. Kiiun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pectoralis Major Muscle ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Spinal Column ◽

Vertical Direction ◽

Posterior Wall ◽

Pectoralis Major ◽

Human Embryos ◽

Human Fetuses ◽

Surgical Interventions ◽

Rib Cartilage

The development of rational accesses and methods of surgical interventions to the chest walls, muscles and vascular-nerve formations of the chest involves clarifying data on the topography of fascia, superficial and deep muscles of the chest at different stages of human ontogenesis. The purpose of the study. Identification of macromicroscopic structure and topography of fascia and chest muscles in 4-6-month human fetuses. Materials and methods. The study was performed using microscopy of a series of consecutive histological sections of 29 human embryos of 81.0-230.0 mm parietal-coccygeal length, production of three-dimensional reconstruction models and morphometry. Results and discussion. In some early fetuses, and in isolated cases in the same fetus, there is anatomical variability of the pectoralis major muscle, characterized by asymmetry of shape, size and topography of individual parts of the right and left pectoralis major muscles. The underdevelopment of the individual muscle bundles of the sternocostal part of the pectoralis major muscle, hypoplasia of the internal intervertebral muscles, aplasia of the external intercostal membrane, internal intercostal and subcostal muscles, transverse muscles of the chest is described. Conclusion. In human fetuses of 4-6 months old there is anatomical variability of the chest muscles, characterized by bilateral asymmetry, variability of shape, size and topography of both their individual parts and muscle as a whole. In early human fetuses, thoracic fascia is a rather thin structural plate, in the structure of which there is no layering. Intervertebral spaces at the level of rib cartilage are filled with internal intervertebral muscles, the fibers of which near the edges of the thorax have a vertical direction, and from the point of connection of the rib cartilage to the thorax – oblique. In the gap between the external and internal intervertebral muscles of fascia as such is not manifested, but only a small layer of loose fiber is determined, in which the vascular-nerve bundles pass. In the fetuses of 6 months, the endothorаcic fascia on the posterior wall of the chest is somewhat thickened, split into separate plates and forms fascial cases for vascular-nerve formations located near the spinal column

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OC061: Three-dimensional ultrasound volume calculations of human embryos and young fetuses: a study on volumetry and its reproducibility

Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.1002/uog.1181 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 232-233

Author(s):

H.-G. K. Blaas ◽

P. Taipale ◽

H. Torp ◽

S. H. Eik-Nes

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Human Embryos ◽

Volume Calculations

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Features of the formation of certain bones of the skull at the early stages of human ontogenesis

Bukovinian Medical Herald ◽

10.24061/2413-0737.xxv.3.99.2021.22 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (3 (99)) ◽

pp. 144-148

Author(s):

O. Tsyhykalo ◽

R. Dmytrenko ◽

I. Popova ◽

B. Banul

Keyword(s):

Human Embryo ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Parietal Bone ◽

Human Embryos ◽

Invasive Treatment ◽

Intrauterine Development ◽

Early Stages ◽

Ossification Centers ◽

Parietal Bones ◽

Skull Bones

The study of morphogenesis and embryotopography of skull bones is important not only in understanding the normal development of the human embryo but also will improve existing methods of invasive treatment and visualization of various pathologies of the central nervous system in children.The aim was to investigate the peculiarities of morphogenesis and topography of some skull bones during the early stages of human ontogenesis.Material and methods. We have studied 14 series of consecutive histological sections of human embryos and pre-fetuses aged 6 to 11 weeks of intrauterine development by using a set of topical morphological methods (anthropometry, morphometry, histology, three-dimensional reconstruction).Results. The frontal and parietal bones appear at the end of the embryonic period as mesenchymal rudiments that gradually expand upwards from primary points of ossification (starting from the basolateral parts of the head). During 8th week of IUD, the germ of the ectomeningeal capsule is detected in the form of a thin plate, close to the brain. At the beginning of the pre-fetal period, histological signs of membranous ossification are revealed; frontal and parietal bones develop from paired rudiments, which gradually fuse, which was accompanied by active angiogenesis.Conclusions. The primary ossification centers in frontal and parietal bones of the human embryo appear at the beginning of embryological period and develop by membranous type. Two ossification centers appear in frontal and parietal bones and they gradually merge. At the beginning of the prenatal period, the rudiment of a small wing of the sphenoid, spheno-ethmoidal cartilage and signs of merging of both ossification centers in the parietal bone are detected.

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Developmental anatomy of the liver from computerized three-dimensional reconstructions of four human embryos (from Carnegie stage 14 to 23)

Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger ◽

10.1016/j.aanat.2015.02.012 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 200 ◽

pp. 105-113 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Martin Lhuaire ◽

Romain Tonnelet ◽

Yohann Renard ◽

Tullio Piardi ◽

Daniele Sommacale ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Human Embryos ◽

Developmental Anatomy ◽

Carnegie Stage

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Development of Lumbosacral Spina bifida: Three-Dimensional Computer Graphic Study of Human Embryos at Carnegie Stage Twelve

Pediatric Neurosurgery ◽

10.1159/000050430 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 35 (5) ◽

pp. 247-252 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Moududul Haque ◽

Kenji Ohata ◽

Toshihiro Takami ◽

Sergio Branco Soares, Jr. ◽

Sarun Nunta Aree ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spina Bifida ◽

Computer Graphic ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Human Embryos ◽

Carnegie Stage

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Initial morphological symmetry breaking in the foregut and development of the omental bursa in human embryos

Journal of Anatomy ◽

10.1111/joa.13344 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tobias Schäfer ◽

Viktoria Stankova ◽

Christoph Viebahn ◽

Bernadette Bakker ◽

Nikoloz Tsikolia

Keyword(s):

Symmetry Breaking ◽

Human Embryos ◽

Omental Bursa

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MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF FASCIAL STRUCTURES IN INFRAHYOID NECK DURING PRENATAL HUMAN ONTOGENESIS

Clinical anatomy and operative surgery ◽

10.24061/1727-0847.19.1.2020.16 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 93-97

Author(s):

I. Popova

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Prenatal Development ◽

Human Embryos ◽

Human Ontogenesis ◽

Dimensional Reconstruction ◽

Depth Study ◽

Fascial Spaces ◽

Human Prenatal Development ◽

Macroscopic Examination ◽

Fetal Stage

Fascia and fascial spaces of the neck remains a controversial morphological question, which requires in-depth study, especially in the focus of prenatal morphogenesis. We have examined specimens of human embryos, prefetuses and fetuses in order to study the development and topographic-anatomical features of the neck fascial structures at different stages of human prenatal development. For this purpose, a set of microscopic methods (three-dimensional reconstruction, series of histological sections examination) for embryos (8.0-13.0 mm PCL (parieto-coccygeal length) and prefetuses (14.0-80.0 mm PCL) was used; macroscopic examination for fetuses’ specimens (80.0-230.0 mm PCL). It was found that at the end of the embryonic period of development, there are rudiments of the larynx and pharynx, which are not delimited; precrusors of vascular and nerve trunks of the neck are already present. In the prefetal we may observe change from the bilaminar to multilaminar fascial morphology. The definitive structure of fascial structures may be found in fetal stage of human ontogenesis. It is important that at fetal stage, fascial leaves tend to fuse in areas that contact with the periosteum or in the fascial spaces that do not yet contain adipose tissue yet.

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EMBRYOGENESIS OF THE HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

CBU International Conference Proceedings ◽

10.12955/cbup.v6.1279 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 966-970

Author(s):

Olexandr Tsyhykalo ◽

Аlla Khodorovska ◽

Iryna Popova

Keyword(s):

Respiratory System ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Prenatal Development ◽

Acute Angle ◽

Human Embryos ◽

Congenital Defects ◽

Structural Formation ◽

Human Lungs ◽

Dimensional Reconstruction ◽

Human Prenatal Development

One of the topical issues of morphology is studying general regulations of development and structural formation dynamics of respiratory system. The aim of the study was to determine peculiarities of the embryogenesis of respiratory system organs during prenatal development in humans. Research was conducted on 22 series of histological specimens of human embryos which were 4,5-8,0 mm of parieto-cocygeal lengths (PLC), and by using complex morphological methods of study (morphometry, histological assessment, three-dimensional reconstruction). It was established that the source of human lungs primordium is a traheopulmonary primordium, which at the end of 4th week of human prenatal development is represented by an odd bud-shaped entity which departs with an acute angle from the ventral wall of the foregut and is located in front of foregut. The beginning of the 5th week of human prenatal development is considered to be a critical period, which holds intensive processes of organogenesis of the respiratory system and is a possible time for the occurrence of some congenital defects or anomalies and structural variants. Sources of pulmonary vessels are islands of intraorgan hematopoiesis and extraorgan main vessels, communication between which occurs during the end of 4th and at the start of 5th weeks of human prenatal development.

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Cerebral organoids: ethical issues and consciousness assessment

Journal of Medical Ethics ◽

10.1136/medethics-2017-104555 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 44 (9) ◽

pp. 606-610 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Andrea Lavazza ◽

Marcello Massimini

Keyword(s):

Ethical Issues ◽

Personalised Medicine ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Cell Types ◽

Human Embryos ◽

Specific Cell ◽

Neural Connections ◽

Structural And Functional Properties ◽

Organ Specific

Organoids are three-dimensional biological structures grown in vitro from different kinds of stem cells that self-organise mimicking real organs with organ-specific cell types. Recently, researchers have managed to produce human organoids which have structural and functional properties very similar to those of different organs, such as the retina, the intestines, the kidneys, the pancreas, the liver and the inner ear. Organoids are considered a great resource for biomedical research, as they allow for a detailed study of the development and pathologies of human cells; they also make it possible to test new molecules on human tissue. Furthermore, organoids have helped research take a step forward in the field of personalised medicine and transplants. However, some ethical issues have arisen concerning the origin of the cells that are used to produce organoids (ie, human embryos) and their properties. In particular, there are new, relevant and so-far overlooked ethical questions concerning cerebral organoids. Scientists have created so-called mini-brains as developed as a few-months-old fetus, albeit smaller and with many structural and functional differences. However, cerebral organoids exhibit neural connections and electrical activity, raising the question whether they are or (which is more likely) will one day be somewhat sentient. In principle, this can be measured with some techniques that are already available (the Perturbational Complexity Index, a metric that is directly inspired by the main postulate of the Integrated Information Theory of consciousness), which are used for brain-injured non-communicating patients. If brain organoids were to show a glimpse of sensibility, an ethical discussion on their use in clinical research and practice would be necessary.

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