Aquaculture industry prospective from gut microbiome of fish and shellfish: An overview

Relationship between the Japanese-style diet, gut microbiota, and dementia: a cross-sectional study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-255821/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Naoki Saji ◽

Tsuyoshi Tsuduki ◽

Kenta Murotani ◽

Takayoshi Hisada ◽

Taiki Sugimoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Function ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dietary Composition ◽

Microbial Metabolites ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Fish And Shellfish ◽

Japanese Diet

Abstract Background Previous studies have shown associations between the gut microbiota, microbial metabolites, and cognitive decline. However, the effect of the dietary composition on such associations has not been fully investigated. Methods We performed a cross-sectional sub-analysis of data from our prospective hospital-based cohort study (the Gimlet study) to evaluate the relationships between dietary composition, cognitive decline, and the gut microbiota. All the participants of the Gimlet study had been provided with information regarding this sub-study in 2018. Patients were excluded if they were unable to provide sufficient data in the questionnaire regarding their dietary composition. We assessed their demographics, dietary composition, risk factors, cognitive function, results of brain imaging, gut microbiome, and microbial metabolites. On the basis of previous studies, a nine-component traditional Japanese diet index (JDI9), a 12-component modern JDI (JDI12), and a 12-component revised JDI (rJDI12), were defined. Higher JDI scores indicated greater conformity to the traditional Japanese diet. We then evaluated the relationships between the JDI scores, cognitive function, and the gut microbiome and microbial metabolites using multivariable logistic regression analyses. Results We analyzed data from 85 eligible patients (61% women; mean age: 74.6 ± 7.4 years; mean Mini-Mental State Examination score: 24 ± 5). Compared with participants with dementia, those without dementia were more likely to consume foods in the JDI12, including fish and shellfish (64.5% vs. 39.1%, P = 0.048), mushrooms (61.3% vs. 30.4%, P = 0.015), soybeans and soybean-derived foods (62.9% vs. 30.4%, P = 0.013), and coffee (71.0% vs. 43.5%, P = 0.024). There were non-significant trends towards lower fecal concentrations of gut microbial metabolites in participants with a more traditional Japanese diet. Participants with dementia had lower JDI9, JDI12, and rJDI12 scores than participants without dementia (dementia vs. non-dementia, median JDI9 score: 5 vs. 7, P = 0.049; JDI12: 7 vs. 8, P = 0.017; and rJDI12: 7 vs. 9, P = 0.006, respectively). Conclusions Adherence to a traditional Japanese diet was found to be inversely associated with cognitive decline and tended to be associated with lower concentrations of gut microbial metabolites. Trial registration: UMIN000031851.

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Single-cell Protein and Single-cell Oil Production from Agro-industrial By-products

10.7250/9789934224867 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Krišs Spalviņš

Keyword(s):

Single Cell ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Cell Protein ◽

Fish Feed ◽

Feed Ingredients ◽

Fish Feeds ◽

Aquaculture Industry ◽

Fish And Shellfish ◽

By Products

The aquaculture industry has been the fastest growing food production industry in the world for the last 25 years. In turn, wild capture has been stagnant for the last 20 years. As a result, in 2014 the aquaculture industry outpaced wild capture and today most fish and shellfish products are farmed in aquaculture rather than caught. Although aquaculture has a number of advantages over wild capture, the rapid development of aquaculture has led to a shortage of fish feeds. The aquaculture industry has tried to solve the feed shortage by replacing traditional feed ingredients with ones derived from agriculture, but this solution is inappropriate because plant-based ingredients are not suitable for the intestinal tract of farmed carnivorous fish, they lack several essential amino acids, and vegetable fats do not contain Omega-3 fatty acids essential in human diet. Therefore, it is necessary to find new raw materials that are suitable for use in fish feed, do not create additional burdens on the environment as wild capture and agriculture do, and also ensure that fish products fed with new raw materials are healthy for human consumption. The most suitable ingredients for these requirements are single-cell proteins (SCP) and single-cell oils (SCO). SCP and SCO are derived from microorganisms that are able to produce large amounts of proteins or oils in their cells. Currently, SCP and SCO production technologies are already used to produce high value-added products, such as pharmaceuticals, building-block chemicals, baby food, etc. However, these technologies involve the cultivation of the relevant microorganisms using refined sugars, which are relatively expensive and the use of such raw materials in the production of fish feed is not competitive. Therefore, in order to implement SCP and SCO technologies in the production of fish feeds, it is necessary to find cheap raw materials for the cultivation of microorganisms. The most suitable raw materials for the cultivation of microorganisms are biodegradable by-products of various industries. The aim of the work is to analyse the most suitable by-products for the cultivation of SCP and SCO producing microorganisms. The analysis includes: (1) literature analysis on all suitable by-products, describing the characteristics, availability and reported SCP and SCO yields when using by-products as substrates; (2) the development of a by-product supply optimization model and a case study for one by-product using the developed model; (3) creation of a laboratory stand for practical experiments; (4) experiment where SCP is produced from a previously unexplored by-product and a microorganism strain combination. The dissertation is created as a set of publications, which combines parts of scientific publications written during doctoral studies. The introduction to the work describes the aims and tasks of the work, as well as a description of scientific and practical significance. The first chapter describes the current situation in the aquaculture industry, the causes of fish feed shortages, possible solutions and the rationale for the production of SCP and SCO from by-products as the best alternative for the production of fish feed ingredients. The second chapter reviews the by-products that are suitable for the production of SCP and SCO, as well as describes the development of a by-product procurement model and a case study. The third chapter describes the creation of a laboratory stand. The fourth chapter describes practical experiments for obtaining SCP from waste cooking oil. At the end of the work, conclusions are made and recommendations are given.

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Administration of Probiotics in the Water in Finfish Aquaculture Systems: A Review

Fishes ◽

10.3390/fishes3030033 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 33 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Ladan Jahangiri ◽

María Esteban

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Protein Production ◽

Animal Protein ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Research Gaps ◽

Current State ◽

Aquaculture Industry ◽

Key Factor ◽

Fish And Shellfish ◽

Finfish Aquaculture

Over the last few decades, the contribution of aquaculture to animal protein production has increased enormously, and the sector now provides almost half of the fish and shellfish consumed worldwide, making it a major food producer. Nevertheless, many factors, including infections, pollution, and stress, may result in significant economic losses. The aquaculture industry will not be totally successful without the therapeutic and preventive means to control all these factors. Antibiotics (long used in aquaculture practice) have tended to aggravate the problem by increasing antibiotic resistance. Concomitantly, probiotics have widely been suggested as eco-friendly alternatives to antibiotics. However, the way in which probiotics are applied in aquaculture is a key factor in their favorable performance. The aim of this review was to examine the current state of probiotics administration through the water in finfish aquaculture. The review also attempts to cover the research gaps existing in our knowledge of this administration mode, and to suggest the issues that need to be investigated in greater depth.

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Folate and vitamin B-12 deficiencies additively impaired memory function and disturbed the gut microbiota in amyloid-β infused rats

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000624 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sunmin Park ◽

Sunna Kang ◽

Da Sol Kim

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Insulin Signaling ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Memory Function ◽

Amyloid Β ◽

Impaired Memory ◽

Ca1 Region ◽

Folate And Vitamin B12

Abstract. Folate and vitamin B12(V-B12) deficiencies are associated with metabolic diseases that may impair memory function. We hypothesized that folate and V-B12 may differently alter mild cognitive impairment, glucose metabolism, and inflammation by modulating the gut microbiome in rats with Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-like dementia. The hypothesis was examined in hippocampal amyloid-β infused rats, and its mechanism was explored. Rats that received an amyloid-β(25–35) infusion into the CA1 region of the hippocampus were fed either control(2.5 mg folate plus 25 μg V-B12/kg diet; AD-CON, n = 10), no folate(0 folate plus 25 μg V-B12/kg diet; AD-FA, n = 10), no V-B12(2.5 mg folate plus 0 μg V-B12/kg diet; AD-V-B12, n = 10), or no folate plus no V-B12(0 mg folate plus 0 μg V-B12/kg diet; AD-FAB12, n = 10) in high-fat diets for 8 weeks. AD-FA and AD-VB12 exacerbated bone mineral loss in the lumbar spine and femur whereas AD-FA lowered lean body mass in the hip compared to AD-CON(P < 0.05). Only AD-FAB12 exacerbated memory impairment by 1.3 and 1.4 folds, respectively, as measured by passive avoidance and water maze tests, compared to AD-CON(P < 0.01). Hippocampal insulin signaling and neuroinflammation were attenuated in AD-CON compared to Non-AD-CON. AD-FAB12 impaired the signaling (pAkt→pGSK-3β) and serum TNF-α and IL-1β levels the most among all groups. AD-CON decreased glucose tolerance by increasing insulin resistance compared to Non-AD-CON. AD-VB12 and AD-FAB12 increased insulin resistance by 1.2 and 1.3 folds, respectively, compared to the AD-CON. AD-CON and Non-AD-CON had a separate communities of gut microbiota. The relative counts of Bacteroidia were lower and those of Clostridia were higher in AD-CON than Non-AD-CON. AD-FA, but not V-B12, separated the gut microbiome community compared to AD-CON and AD-VB12(P = 0.009). In conclusion, folate and B-12 deficiencies impaired memory function by impairing hippocampal insulin signaling and gut microbiota in AD rats.

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