Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy using a diode laser with a potential new photosensitizer, indocyanine green-loaded nanospheres, may be effective for the clearance of Porphyromonas gingivalis

Objectives: Eradication of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. action-mycetemcomitans), as an opportunistic periodontopathogen, and inhibition of its virulence factor expression require a new adjunctive therapeutic method. In this study, we accessed the expression level of rcpA gene, as a virulence factor associated with A. actinomycetemcomitans biofilm formation, following treatment by antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) using indocyanine green (ICG) doped with chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs@ICG). Materials and Methods: CS-NPs@ICG was synthesized and examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A. actinomycetemcomitans ATCC 33384 strain was treated with CS-NPs@ICG, as a photosensitizer, which was excited with a diode laser at the wavelength of 810 nm with the energy density of 31.2 J/cm2. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to determine the changes in rcpA gene expression level. Results: Synthetized CS-NPs@ICG was confirmed via SEM. The results revealed that CS-NPs@ICG-mediated aPDT could significantly decrease rcpA gene expression to 13.2-fold (P<0.05). There was a remarkable difference between aPDT using CS-NPs@ICG and ICG (P<0.05). The diode laser, ICG, and CS-NPs@ICG were unable to significantly downregulate rcpA gene expression (P>0.05). Conclusion: aPDT with CS-NPs@ICG leads to a decrease of the virulence factor of A. actinomycetemcomitans and can be used as an adjunct to routine treatments for successful periodontal therapy in vivo.

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Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy using Indocyanine green and near-infrared diode laser in reducing Entrerococcus faecalis

Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy ◽

10.1016/j.pdpdt.2016.10.012 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

pp. 5-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Charis Beltes ◽

Hercules Sakkas ◽

Nikolaos Economides ◽

Chrissanthy Papadopoulou

Keyword(s):

Photodynamic Therapy ◽

Indocyanine Green ◽

Diode Laser ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy

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Disinfect Porphyromonas gingivalis Biofilm on Titanium Surface with Combined Application of Chlorhexidine and Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy

Photochemistry and Photobiology ◽

10.1111/php.13060 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 95 (3) ◽

pp. 839-845 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Zhiyu Cai ◽

Yijun Li ◽

Yanhuang Wang ◽

Shuai Chen ◽

Shan Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Photodynamic Therapy ◽

Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽

Titanium Surface ◽

Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy ◽

Combined Application

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The Effect of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Using Chlorophyllin–Phycocyanin Mixture on Enterococcus faecalis: The Influence of Different Light Sources

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10124290 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 4290 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Nasim Chiniforush ◽

Maryam Pourhajibagher ◽

Steven Parker ◽

Stefano Benedicenti ◽

Abbas Bahador ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Photodynamic Therapy ◽

Diode Laser ◽

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Control Group ◽

Human Gingival Fibroblast ◽

Light Sources ◽

Gingival Fibroblast ◽

Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy ◽

Cell Viability Assay ◽

Vitro Effect

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of the chlorophyllin–phycocyanin mixture (Photoactive+) as a photosensitizer (PS) during antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) on the count of Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) using different light sources. The antimicrobial effect of aPDT with chlorophyllin–phycocyanin mixture using different light sources including diode laser (λ = 660 nm), diode laser (λ = 635 nm), LED (λ = 450 ± 30 nm) alone or in combination was assessed using microbial cell viability assay against E. faecalis. In addition, the cell cytotoxicity of Photoactive+ was assessed on human gingival fibroblast (HuGu) cells by MTT assay; E. faecalis growth when treated by both red wavelengths (635 nm, 660 nm) and combination of LED (420–480 nm) and red wavelengths (635 nm, 660 nm), significantly reduced compared to the control group (p < 0.05). There was no significant reduction in the number of viable cells exposed to Photoactive+ compared to the control group (p < 0.05). This study shows that the application of chlorophyllin–phycocyanin mixture and irradiation with emission of red light achieved a better result for bacterial count reduction, compared to a control. This component can be applied safely due to very negligible cytotoxicity.

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