P2-162: Hepatitis A virus molecular surveillance in Argentina after 13 years of universal vaccination

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 185-186
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Universal Vaccination ◽  
Molecular Surveillance

High prevalence of anti-hepatitis A IgG in a cohort of UK HIV-negative men who have sex with men: implications for local hepatitis A vaccine policy

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 1007-1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Bhagey ◽  
K Foster ◽  
S Ralph ◽  
A Wardropper ◽  
C White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Universal Vaccination ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Electronic Patient Records ◽  
Previous Infection ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Hiv Negative

BASHH guidelines recommend that ‘the hepatitis A virus total antibody test can be offered to at-risk patients whose immune status is unknown … depending on local funding arrangements’. We sought to measure the local prevalence of anti-hepatitis A (HAV) IgG in HIV-negative men who have sex with men (MSM), to inform the utility of pre-vaccination screening. We assessed the prevalence of anti-HAV IgG in HIV-negative MSM who attended sexual health services in County Durham and Darlington, UK, from March to August 2017. Data were extracted from electronic patient records and analysed in Excel. Our study was granted local Caldicott approval. Seventy four per cent of 244 HIV-negative MSM who attended for review were screened. Anti-HAV IgG was detected in 42% who did not report definite previous infection or vaccination; not detected in 57.4%; and was equivocal in 0.6%. Vaccine was administered to 48% of eligible patients. The estimated financial costs of universal vaccination of MSM (£4235.40) and pre-vaccination screening with vaccination of susceptible patients (£4188.13) are similar. Pre-vaccination screening and vaccination of susceptible patients does not save resources compared to a policy of universal vaccination of MSM in our setting. Universal vaccination of MSM attending genitourinary medicine clinics may improve vaccine uptake.

scholarly journals Molecular surveillance of hepatitis A virus in Argentina: first subgenotype IB detected in a traveler

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 404-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
María S. Munné ◽  
Nancy R. Altabert ◽  
Sara N. Vladimirsky ◽  
Maria G. Arribere ◽  
Sandra F. Ortali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Molecular Surveillance

scholarly journals Hepatitis A Virus Genotype Distribution during a Decade of Universal Vaccination of Preadolescents

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 6842-6854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucía D’Andrea ◽  
Francisco Pérez-Rodríguez ◽  
Montserrat de Castellarnau ◽  
Sandra Manzanares ◽  
Josep Lite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Universal Vaccination ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Virus Genotype

scholarly journals Resurgence of an international hepatitis A outbreak linked to imported frozen strawberries, Germany, 2018 to 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (37) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Ruscher ◽  
Mirko Faber ◽  
Dirk Werber ◽  
Klaus Stark ◽  
Julia Bitzegeio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Outbreak Strain ◽  
Molecular Surveillance ◽  
Consumer Panel ◽  
Trace Back ◽  
Safety Interventions

Following outbreaks linked to frozen strawberries in Sweden and Austria in 2018, 65 cases linked to the same hepatitis A virus strain were detected in Germany between October 2018 and January 2020, presenting in two waves. Two case–control studies and a comparison of cases’ consumption frequencies with purchase data from a large consumer panel provided strong evidence for frozen strawberry cake as the main vehicle of transmission. Of 46 cases interviewed, 27 reported consuming frozen strawberry cake and 25 of these identified cake(s) from brand A spontaneously or in product picture-assisted recall. Trace back investigations revealed that the Polish producer involved in the previous outbreaks in Sweden and Austria had received frozen strawberries from Egypt via a wholesaler that also delivered frozen strawberries to manufacturer of brand A. Phylogenetic analyses linked the outbreak strain to similar strains formerly isolated from sewage, stool and strawberries in Egypt. Complete trace back and timely recall of products with strong evidence of contamination is important to control an outbreak and prevent later resurgence, particularly for food items with a long shelf life. Continued molecular surveillance of hepatitis A is needed to identify outbreaks and monitor the success of food safety interventions.

Application of solid-phase immune electron microscopy to study physical and stability characteristics of enterically transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis virus

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 80-81
Author(s):  
Charles D. Humphrey ◽  
E. H. Cook ◽  
Karen A. McCaustland ◽  
Daniel W. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Immune Electron Microscopy

Enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis (ET-NANBH) is a type of hepatitis which is increasingly becoming a significant world health concern. As with hepatitis A virus (HAV), spread is by the fecal-oral mode of transmission. Until recently, the etiologic agent had not been isolated and identified. We have succeeded in the isolation and preliminary characterization of this virus and demonstrating that this agent can cause hepatic disease and seroconversion in experimental primates. Our characterization of this virus was facilitated by immune (IEM) and solid phase immune electron microscopic (SPIEM) methodologies.Many immune electron microscopy methodologies have been used for morphological identification and characterization of viruses. We have previously reported a highly effective solid phase immune electron microscopy procedure which facilitated identification of hepatitis A virus (HAV) in crude cell culture extracts. More recently we have reported utilization of the method for identification of an etiologic agent responsible for (ET-NANBH).

Hepatitis A Antigen in Liver, Bile and Stool

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 340-341
Author(s):  
D.R. Jackson ◽  
J.H. Hoofnagle ◽  
A.N. Schulman ◽  
J.L. Dienstag ◽  
R.H. Purcell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Type A ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Virus Like Particle ◽  
Elevated Liver Enzymes ◽  
Ag Particles ◽  
Ag Particle ◽  
Human Stool

Using immune electron microscopy Feinstone et. al. demonstrated the presence of a 27 nm virus-like particle in acute-phase stools of patients with viral hepatitis, type A, These hepatitis A antigen (HA Ag) particles were aggregated by convalescent serum from patients with type A hepatitis but not by pre-infection serum. Subsequently Dienstag et. al. and Maynard et. al. produced acute hepatitis in chimpanzees by inoculation with human stool containing HA Ag. During the early acute disease, virus like particles antigenically, morphologically and biophysically identical to the human HA Ag particle were found in chimpanzee stool. Recently Hilleman et. al. have described similar particles in liver and serum of marmosets infected with hepatitis A virus (HAV). We have investigated liver, bile and stool from chimpanzees and marmosets experimentally infected with HAV. In an initial study, a chimpanzee (no.785) inoculated with HA Ag-containing stool developed elevated liver enzymes 21 days after exposure.

Identification of hepatitis a virus in cell cultures by solid phase immune electron microscopy

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 238-239
Author(s):  
C.D. Humphrey ◽  
T.L. Cromeans ◽  
E.H. Cook ◽  
D.W. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Immune Electron Microscopy ◽  
Detection And Identification

There is a variety of methods available for the rapid detection and identification of viruses by electron microscopy as described in several reviews. The predominant techniques are classified as direct electron microscopy (DEM), immune electron microscopy (IEM), liquid phase immune electron microscopy (LPIEM) and solid phase immune electron microscopy (SPIEM). Each technique has inherent strengths and weaknesses. However, in recent years, the most progress for identifying viruses has been realized by the utilization of SPIEM.

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