Shotgun metagenome sequencing of a Sudanese toombak snuff tobacco: Genetic attributes of a high tobacco‐specific nitrosamine (TSNA) containing smokeless tobacco product

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Tyx ◽  
Angel J. Rivera ◽  
Stephen B. Stanfill ◽  
Ghazi. S. Zaatari ◽  
Clifford H. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco Product ◽  
Metagenome Sequencing

scholarly journals An exploration of smokeless tobacco product nucleic acids: a combined metagenome and metatranscriptome analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 751-763
Author(s):  
R. E. Tyx ◽  
A. J. Rivera ◽  
L. M. Keong ◽  
S. B. Stanfill
Keyword(s):  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Single Product ◽  
Virus Rna ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco Product ◽  
Viable Bacteria ◽  
Tobacco Specific Nitrosamines ◽  
Bacterial Constituents

AbstractSmokeless tobacco (ST) products are used worldwide and are a major public health concern. In addition to harmful chemicals found in these products, microbes found in ST products are believed to be responsible for generating harmful tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs), the most abundant carcinogens in ST. These microbes also contribute endotoxins and other pro-inflammatory components. A greater understanding of the microbial constituents in these products is sought in order to potentially link select design aspects or manufacturing processes to avoidable increases in harmful constituents. Previous studies looked primarily at bacterial constituents and had not differentiated between viable vs nonviable organisms, so in this study, we sought to use a dual metatranscriptomic and metagenomic analysis to see if differences exist. Using high-throughput sequencing, we observed that there were differences in taxonomic abundances between the metagenome and metatranscriptome, and in the metatranscriptome, we also observed an abundance of plant virus RNA not previously reported in DNA-only studies. We also found in the product tested, that there were no viable bacteria capable of metabolizing nitrate to nitrite. Therefore, the product tested would not be likely to increase TSNAs during shelf storage. We tested only a single product to date using the strategy presented here, but succeeded in demonstrating the value of using of these methods in tobacco products. These results present novel findings from the first combined metagenome and metatranscriptome of a commercial tobacco product.

Smokeless tobacco product design and marketing: targeting new populations in a changing regulatory environment

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-38
Author(s):  
Vaughan W. Rees ◽  
Olalekan A. Ayo-Yusuf ◽  
Richard J. O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
Product Design ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Regulatory Environment ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco Product

scholarly journals Smokeless tobacco product may increase mortality rate in patients with prostate cancer

Cancer ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-190
Author(s):  
Carrie Printz
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco Product ◽  
Increase Mortality Rate

Evaluating the utility of subjective effects measures for predicting product sampling, enrollment, and retention in a clinical trial of a smokeless tobacco product

2018 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 95-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. O'Connor ◽  
Bruce R. Lindgren ◽  
Liane M. Schneller ◽  
Peter G. Shields ◽  
Dorothy K. Hatsukami
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Subjective Effects ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco Product

scholarly journals Toxicity of Gutkha, a Smokeless Tobacco Product Gone Global: Is There More to the Toxicity than Nicotine?

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 919-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Willis ◽  
Mary Popovech ◽  
Francesca Gany ◽  
Carol Hoffman ◽  
Jason Blum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco Product

scholarly journals Delivery of nicotine in an extract of a smokeless tobacco product reduces its reinforcement-attenuating and discriminative stimulus effects in rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 220 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew C. Harris ◽  
Irina Stepanov ◽  
Paul R. Pentel ◽  
Mark G. LeSage
Keyword(s):  
Discriminative Stimulus ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Discriminative Stimulus Effects ◽  
Stimulus Effects ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco Product

scholarly journals Knowledge, apptitude and practice: smoking and gutka habits in a lower socio-economic cohort

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1643
Author(s):  
Aazmeer Mohammad Khan ◽  
Saera Suhail Kidwai ◽  
Saima Akhtar ◽  
Jamal Ara
Keyword(s):  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco Product ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Practice Knowledge ◽  
The Impact

Background: Smoking and smokeless tobacco use is the major cause of death and disease in South Asia, the use of gutka has surpassed that of smoking in this region thus, acting as a major contributor to oral and esophageal cancer especially in the younger population. Authors have designed this study to explore the knowledge, apptitude and practice regarding smoking and gutka use in a lower socio-economic cohort and observe the impact of education, income and type of profession on the users.Methods: This cross sectional descriptive survey is conducted in Creek General Hospital, Korangi, Karachi. The study design is non-probability convenience. A questionnaire is used to quantify the frequency of smoking-related knowledge-attitude-practice, knowledge and attitude about tobacco-related disease and, smoking cessation-related thoughts and practice. Data is analysed in SPSS 16.Results: A total of 250 subjects participated in this descriptive study, 133 subjects (22% females and 62.6% males) were found addicted to smoking or smokeless tobacco product with stress, seeking pleasure and peer pressure being the most convincing factor to initiate their habit.90% of the users want to stop using the substance of abuse and 80 have at least once tried to quit the habit.Conclusions: This study shows a direct relationship between level of education and socioeconomic status with use of addictive substance. It also resulted in identifying the desire to quit in our cohort and need for formulating a plan specifically for the target population to focus not only to remove the cause, but also to empower them to take responsibility for their own well being. 

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document