The Role of Awareness and Cognitive Aptitudes in L2 Predictive Language Processing

The real-time and dissemination characteristics of network information make net-mediated public opinion become more and more important food safety early warning resources, but the data of petabyte (PB) scale growth also bring great difficulties to the research and judgment of network public opinion, especially how to extract the event role of network public opinion from these data and analyze the sentiment tendency of public opinion comment. First, this article takes the public opinion of food safety network as the research point, and a BLSTM-CRF model for automatically marking the role of event is proposed by combining BLSTM and conditional random field organically. Second, the Attention mechanism based on vocabulary in the field of food safety is introduced, the distance-related sequence semantic features are extracted by BLSTM, and the emotional classification of sequence semantic features is realized by using CNN. A kind of Att-BLSTM-CNN model for the analysis of public opinion and emotional tendency in the field of food safety is proposed. Finally, based on the time series, this article combines the role extraction of food safety events and the analysis of emotional tendency and constructs a net-mediated public opinion early warning model in the field of food safety according to the heat of the event and the emotional intensity of the public to food safety public opinion events.

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Neural Basis of Rhythm Perception

The Oxford Handbook of Music and the Brain ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198804123.013.8 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 164-186

Author(s):

Christina M. Vanden Bosch der Nederlanden ◽

J. Eric T. Taylor ◽

Jessica A. Grahn

Keyword(s):

Language Processing ◽

Mirror Neurons ◽

Auditory Information ◽

Language Outcomes ◽

Rhythm Perception ◽

Neural Basis ◽

Oscillatory Dynamics ◽

Motor Excitability ◽

Neural Underpinnings

To understand and enjoy music, it is important to be able to hear the beat and move your body to the rhythm. However, impaired rhythm processing has a broader impact on perception and cognition beyond music-specific tasks. We also experience rhythms in our everyday interactions, through the lip and jaw movements of watching someone speak, the syllabic structure of words on the radio, and in the movements of our limbs when we walk. Impairments in the ability to perceive and produce rhythms are related to poor language outcomes, such as dyslexia, and they can provide an index of a primary symptom in movement disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease. The chapter summarizes a growing body of literature examining the neural underpinnings of rhythm perception and production. It highlights the importance of auditory-motor relationships in finding and producing a beat in music by reviewing evidence from a number of methodologies. These approaches illustrate how rhythmic auditory information capitalizes on auditory-motor interactions to influence motor excitability, and how beat perception emerges as a function of nonlinear oscillatory dynamics of the brain. Together these studies highlight the important role of rhythm in human development, evolutionary comparisons, multi-modal perception, mirror neurons, language processing, and music.

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Some Regions within Broca's Area Do Respond More Strongly to Sentences than to Linguistically Degraded Stimuli: A Comment on Rogalsky and Hickok ()

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience ◽

10.1162/jocn_a_00043 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 23 (10) ◽

pp. 2632-2635 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Evelina Fedorenko ◽

Nancy Kanwisher

Keyword(s):

Random Effects ◽

Language Processing ◽

Cognitive Neuroscience ◽

Strong Evidence ◽

Sentence Comprehension ◽

Broca’S Area ◽

Broca's Area ◽

Review Of The Literature

On the basis of their review of the literature, Rogalsky and Hickok [Rogalsky, C., & Hickok, G. The role of Broca's area in sentence comprehension. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 23, 1664–1680, 2011] conclude that there is currently no strong evidence for the existence of “sentence-specific processing regions within Broca's area” (p. 1664). Their argument is based, in part, on the observation that many previous studies have failed to detect an effect in the left inferior frontal regions for contrasts between sentences and linguistically degraded control conditions (e.g., lists of unconnected words, lists of nonwords, or acoustically degraded sentence stimuli). Our data largely replicate this lack of activation in inferior frontal regions when traditional random-effects group analyses are conducted but crucially show robust activations in the same data for the same contrasts in almost every subject individually. Thus, it is the use of group analyses in studies of language processing, not the idea that sentences robustly activate frontal regions, that needs to be reconsidered. This reconsideration has important methodological and theoretical implications.

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Prediction and integration in native and second-language processing of elliptical structures

Bilingualism Language and Cognition ◽

10.1017/s1366728914000844 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 1-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

EDITH KAAN ◽

JOSEPH KIRKHAM ◽

FRANK WIJNEN

Keyword(s):

Language Processing ◽

Sentence Processing ◽

Native Speakers ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Syntactic Analysis ◽

Second Language Processing ◽

L2 Learners ◽

Frontal Negativity ◽

Related Potentials

According to recent views of L2-sentence processing, L2-speakers do not predict upcoming information to the same extent as do native speakers. To investigate L2-speakers’ predictive use and integration of syntactic information across clauses, we recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) from advanced L2-learners and native speakers while they read sentences in which the syntactic context did or did not allow noun-ellipsis (Lau, E., Stroud, C., Plesch, S., & Phillips, C. (2006). The role of structural prediction in rapid syntactic analysis. Brain and Language, 98, 74–88.) Both native and L2-speakers were sensitive to the context when integrating words after the potential ellipsis-site. However, native, but not L2-speakers, anticipated the ellipsis, as suggested by an ERP difference between elliptical and non-elliptical contexts preceding the potential ellipsis-site. In addition, L2-learners displayed a late frontal negativity for ungrammaticalities, suggesting differences in repair strategies or resources compared with native speakers.

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Science, healthcare system, and government effectiveness perception and COVID-19 vaccination acceptance and hesitancy in a global sample: an analytical cross-sectional analysis

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049716 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. e049716

Author(s):

Timothy D Dye ◽

Monica Barbosu ◽

Shazia Siddiqi ◽

José G Pérez Ramos ◽

Hannah Murphy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Language Processing ◽

Public Perception ◽

Strong Predictor ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Amazon Mechanical Turk ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Vaccine Acceptance ◽

Vaccination Acceptance ◽

Sectional Analysis

BackgroundDeterminants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance are complex; how perceptions of the effectiveness of science, healthcare and government impact personal COVID-19 vaccine acceptance is unclear, despite all three domains providing critical roles in development, funding and provision, and distribution of COVID-19 vaccine.ObjectiveTo estimate impact of perception of science, healthcare systems, and government along with sociodemographic, psychosocial, and cultural characteristics on vaccine acceptance.DesignWe conducted a global nested analytical cross-sectional study of how the perceptions of healthcare, government and science systems have impacted COVID-19 on vaccine acceptance.SettingGlobal Facebook, Instagram and Amazon Mechanical Turk (mTurk) users from 173 countries.Participants7411 people aged 18 years or over, and able to read English, Spanish, Italian, or French.MeasurementsWe used Χ2 analysis and logistic regression-derived adjusted Odds Ratios (aORs) and 95% CIs to evaluate the relationship between effectiveness perceptions and vaccine acceptance controlling for other factors. We used natural language processing and thematic analysis to analyse the role of vaccine-related narratives in open-ended explanations of effectiveness.ResultsAfter controlling for confounding, attitude toward science was a strong predictor of vaccine acceptance, more so than other attitudes, demographic, psychosocial or COVID-19-related variables (aOR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.8 to 2.5). The rationale for science effectiveness was dominated by vaccine narratives, which were uncommon in other domains.LimitationsThis study did not include participants from countries where Facebook and Amazon mTurk are not available, and vaccine acceptance reflected intention rather than actual behaviour.ConclusionsAs our findings show, vaccine-related issues dominate public perception of science’s impact around COVID-19, and this perception of science relates strongly to the decision to obtain vaccination once available.

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Bound in Hatred: The role of group-based morality in acts of hate

10.31234/osf.io/359me ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Joseph Hoover ◽

Mohammad Atari ◽

Aida Mostafazadeh Davani ◽

Brendan Kennedy ◽

Gwenyth Portillo-Wightman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Language Processing ◽

Spatial Modeling ◽

Hate Speech ◽

Moral Values ◽

Unified Framework ◽

Hate Groups ◽

Marginalized Groups ◽

Motivated Behaviors ◽

The Relationship

Acts of hate have been used to silence, terrorize, and erase marginalized social groups throughout history. The rising rates of these behaviors in recent years underscores the importance of developing a better understanding of when, why, and where they occur. In this work, we present a program of research that suggests that acts of hate may often be best understood not just as responses to threat, but also as morally motivated behaviors grounded in people’s moral values and perceptions of moral violations. As evidence for this claim, we present findings from five studies that rely on a combination of natural language processing, spatial modeling, and experimental methods to investigate the relationship between moral values and acts of hate toward marginalized groups. Across these studies, we find consistent evidence that moral values oriented around ingroup preservation are disproportionately evoked in hate speech, predictive of the county-level prevalence of hate groups, and associated with the belief that acts of hate against marginalized groups are justified. Additional analyses suggest that the association between group-oriented moral values and hate acts against marginalized groups can be partly explained by the belief that these groups have done something morally wrong. By accounting for the role of moralization in acts of hate, this work provides a unified framework for understanding hateful behaviors and the events or dynamics that trigger them.

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Neural Systems for Sentence Processing in Stuttering

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/1092-4388(2001/064) ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 44 (4) ◽

pp. 814-825 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Christine Weber-Fox

Keyword(s):

Language Processing ◽

Sentence Processing ◽

Neural Systems ◽

Linguistic Processing ◽

Brain Organization ◽

Brain Potentials ◽

Closed Class ◽

Functional Brain Organization ◽

Open Class

The role of neurolinguistic factors in stuttering was investigated by determining whether individuals who stutter display atypical neural functions for language processing, even with no speech production demands. Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were obtained while 9 individuals who stutter (IWS) and 9 normally fluent speakers (NS) read sentences silently. The ERPs were elicited by: (a) closed-class words that provide structural or grammatical information, (b) open-class words that convey referential meaning, and (c) semantic anomalies (violations in semantic expectation). In standardized tests, adult IWS displayed similar grammatical and lexical abilities in both comprehension and production tasks compared to their matched, normally fluent peers. Yet the ERPs elicited in IWS for linguistic processing tasks revealed differences in functional brain organization. The ERPs elicited in IWS were characterized by reduced negative amplitudes for closed-class words (N280), open-class words (N350), and semantic anomalies (N400) in a temporal window of approximately 200–450 ms after word onsets. The overall pattern of results indicates that alterations in processing for IWS are related to neural functions that are common to word classes and perhaps involve shared, underlying processes for lexical access.

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What Are Predictors for Persistence in Childhood Stuttering?

Seminars in Speech and Language ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1667159 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (04) ◽

pp. 299-312 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Evan Usler ◽

Anna Bostian ◽

Ranjini Mohan ◽

Katelyn Gerwin ◽

Barbara Brown ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Language Processing ◽

Poor Performance ◽

Nonword Repetition ◽

Dynamic Interactions ◽

The Past ◽

History Of ◽

New Evidence ◽

Sensorimotor Processes ◽

Speech Motor

AbstractOver the past 10 years, we (the Purdue Stuttering Project) have implemented longitudinal studies to examine factors related to persistence and recovery in early childhood stuttering. Stuttering develops essentially as an impairment in speech sensorimotor processes that is strongly influenced by dynamic interactions among motor, language, and emotional domains. Our work has assessed physiological, behavioral, and clinical features of stuttering within the motor, linguistic, and emotional domains. We describe the results of studies in which measures collected when the child was 4 to 5 years old are related to eventual stuttering status. We provide supplemental evidence of the role of known predictive factors (e.g., sex and family history of persistent stuttering). In addition, we present new evidence that early delays in basic speech motor processes (especially in boys), poor performance on a nonword repetition test, stuttering severity at the age of 4 to 5 years, and delayed or atypical functioning in central nervous system language processing networks are predictive of persistent stuttering.

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