scholarly journals Bound in Hatred: The role of group-based morality in acts of hate

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Hoover ◽  
Mohammad Atari ◽  
Aida Mostafazadeh Davani ◽  
Brendan Kennedy ◽  
Gwenyth Portillo-Wightman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Spatial Modeling ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Unified Framework ◽  
Hate Groups ◽  
Marginalized Groups ◽  
Motivated Behaviors ◽  
The Relationship

Acts of hate have been used to silence, terrorize, and erase marginalized social groups throughout history. The rising rates of these behaviors in recent years underscores the importance of developing a better understanding of when, why, and where they occur. In this work, we present a program of research that suggests that acts of hate may often be best understood not just as responses to threat, but also as morally motivated behaviors grounded in people’s moral values and perceptions of moral violations. As evidence for this claim, we present findings from five studies that rely on a combination of natural language processing, spatial modeling, and experimental methods to investigate the relationship between moral values and acts of hate toward marginalized groups. Across these studies, we find consistent evidence that moral values oriented around ingroup preservation are disproportionately evoked in hate speech, predictive of the county-level prevalence of hate groups, and associated with the belief that acts of hate against marginalized groups are justified. Additional analyses suggest that the association between group-oriented moral values and hate acts against marginalized groups can be partly explained by the belief that these groups have done something morally wrong. By accounting for the role of moralization in acts of hate, this work provides a unified framework for understanding hateful behaviors and the events or dynamics that trigger them.

scholarly journals Investigating the role of group-based morality in extreme behavioral expressions of prejudice

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe Hoover ◽  
Mohammad Atari ◽  
Aida Mostafazadeh Davani ◽  
Brendan Kennedy ◽  
Gwenyth Portillo-Wightman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Modeling ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
County Level ◽  
Hate Groups ◽  
Marginalized Groups ◽  
Behavioral Expressions ◽  
Motivated Behaviors ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractUnderstanding motivations underlying acts of hatred are essential for developing strategies to prevent such extreme behavioral expressions of prejudice (EBEPs) against marginalized groups. In this work, we investigate the motivations underlying EBEPs as a function of moral values. Specifically, we propose EBEPs may often be best understood as morally motivated behaviors grounded in people’s moral values and perceptions of moral violations. As evidence, we report five studies that integrate spatial modeling and experimental methods to investigate the relationship between moral values and EBEPs. Our results, from these U.S. based studies, suggest that moral values oriented around group preservation are predictive of the county-level prevalence of hate groups and associated with the belief that extreme behavioral expressions of prejudice against marginalized groups are justified. Additional analyses suggest that the association between group-based moral values and EBEPs against outgroups can be partly explained by the belief that these groups have done something morally wrong.

The Role of Locally Produced and Digitally Animated Cartoons in the Process of Acquisition of Social Values

2019 ◽  
pp. 195-208
Author(s):  
Pınar Özgökbel Bilis ◽  
Ali Emre Bilis
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Television Channel ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Relationship

Television channels for children contain many cartoons and programs. These productions reach the viewers via both the television and the channel's official website. TRT Çocuk, broadcasting for children as a government television channel, presents many locally produced animated cartoons to the viewers. A product of the modern and digital technology, these locally produced cartoons carry importance in terms of transfer of social values. This study focuses on locally produced animation cartoons that have an important potential especially in the transfer of national and moral values. Determination of values conveyed via cartoons that bear importance in the transformation of television into an educational tool allows the media and child relationships to become visible. This work aims to examine the relationship between media and values by defining the concept of “value.” After creating a corporate frame, the study brings to light the social values conveyed in locally produced cartoons aired on TRT Çocuk television channel via qualitative analysis method.

scholarly journals BREAKING THE AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL PACT: TRUTH AND LIFE-WRITING IN ALISON BECHDEL’S FUN HOME.

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-46
Author(s):  
María Elena Carpintero Torres-Quevedo
Keyword(s):  
Life Writing ◽  
Marginalized Groups ◽  
Autobiographical Texts ◽  
Critical Responses ◽  
Autobiographical Work ◽  
The Relationship

Much of the focus on truth in critical responses to Fun Home has surrounded the use of archival evidence and the access to truth provided by the graphic medium. This article will explore these issues as well as the relationship to truth established by the text’s metafictional devices and interactions with genre, particularly the genre of the Bildungsroman. This article will analyze the commentary the text provides not just on its own relationship to truth, but the role of truth in autobiographical texts in general, and in women’s and other marginalized groups’ autobiographical texts in particular. In the context of a critical landscape in which the veracity of autobiographical work by women is often subject to skeptical criticism, this article will argue that Fun Home acts, not as an exception to the genre of autobiography, but as a commentary on the gap between the presumed autobiographical pact and the historical, political, and aesthetic reality of autobiographical works.

Enduring Debates on Psychology and Language in the 20th Century

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor A. Harley
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Embedded Cognition ◽  
Connectionist Modeling ◽  
Language Research ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Psychological Processing ◽  
The Relationship

Research in the psychology of language has been dogged by some enduring controversies, many of which continue to divide researchers. Furthermore, language research has been riven by too many dichotomies and too many people taking too extreme a position, and progress is only likely to be made when researchers recognize that language is a complex system where simple dichotomies may not be relevant. The enduring controversies cover the width of psycholinguistics, including the work of Chomsky and the nature of language, to what extent language is innately determined and the origin of language and how it evolved. Chomsky’s work has also influenced our conceptions of the modularity of the structure of the mind and the nature of psychological processing. Advances in the sophistication of brain imaging techniques have led to debate about exactly what these techniques can tell us about the psychological processing of language. There has also been much debate about whether psychological processing occurs through explicit rules or statistical mapping, a debate driven by connectionist modeling, deep learning, and techniques for the analysis of “big data.” Another debate concerns the role of prediction in language and cognition and the related issues of the relationship between language comprehension and language production. To what extent is language processing embodied, and how does it relate to controversies about “embedded cognition”? Finally, there has been debate about the purpose and use of language.

scholarly journals Defunding Hate: PayPal’s Regulation of Hate Groups

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
Natasha Tusikov
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Regulatory Authority ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Debate ◽  
Hate Groups ◽  
Screening Practices ◽  
Critical Questions ◽  
White Supremacists

The riot by white supremacists in Charlottesville, Virginia, in August 2017, generated a public debate about the role of platforms in policing users involved in violent hate speech. PayPal’s efforts on this issue, in removing services from some designated hate groups while continuing to serve others, highlights the challenges payment platforms face when they act, whether formally or informally, as regulators. This article examines PayPal’s policies and enforcement efforts, both proactive and reactive, in removing its services from hate groups in the United States. It pays particular attention to the surveillance and screening practices that PayPal employs to proactively detect users who violate its policies. The article argues that public calls for PayPal to identify and remove its services from hate groups raise critical questions about ceding broad regulatory authority to platforms and reveal the serious challenges of relying upon commercial enterprises to address complex social problems.

scholarly journals Revue des recherches sur l’anxiété langagière relative aux compétences linguistiques et aux étapes du traitement de la langue

1970 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-73
Author(s):  
SYLWIA ŁUSZCZYŃSKA
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Language Anxiety ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Learning Deficits ◽  
Input Processing ◽  
Anxiety Measurement ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
The Relationship

This article presents the findings of selected empirical research on language anxiety, conducted in various countries and among age groups at diverse proficiency levels, applying different research designs and anxiety measurement instruments. First of all, the role of some language skills in anxiety production is presented. The studies summarized below focus on listening, reading and writing in order to more specifically classify the causes of language anxiety. Then, a discussion of the relationship between anxiety during the three stages of language processing (i.e. input, processing, output) and its relationship to learning deficits is presented.

scholarly journals Moral Education: Current Values in Students and Teachers’ Effectiveness in Inculcating Moral Values in Students

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaishnavi. R. Kanzal ◽  
Subikshalakshmi. G ◽  
Lopamudra Goswami
Keyword(s):  
Moral Education ◽  
Science Teachers ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Adolescent Students ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The Relationship

Moral values play an important role in every aspect of an individual’s life. It is necessary for the holistic growth of an individual. According to Piaget’s theory of moral judgment, adolescence is the phase where the transition from heteronomous to autonomous morality takes place. During this transition period, the role of educators becomes crucial, as most of the learning in that phase occurs at school. Despite moral education being provided in schools, there is a substantial increase in delinquency. This evokes a question whether teachers inculcate moral values effectively in students. This study focuses on measuring the current moral values in students, the effectiveness of teachers in inculcating such moral values and whether there is effective implication of the learnt moral values. Sampling method was random and the sample size of the students and their moral science teachers are 102 and 12 respectively. The age range of the students was between 12 and 14. The tools used were Moral Values Scale (MVS), Personal Values Scale (PVS) and Teachers’ Effectiveness Scale (TES). The result from that quantitative analysis revealed that the current level of moral values in students range from high to extremely high. The teachers are very effective in inculcating moral values in the students. The relationship between teachers’ effectiveness in inculcating moral values and the current moral values in students is positive, but negligible. But, the qualitative observation revealed that there is an immense gap between the theoretical knowledge of moral values of the adolescent students and the practical implementation of the same. Further studies will be focused on strategies that could encourage practical implementation of moral values through moral education in their real life situations.

scholarly journals Self, substance, and society

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (28) ◽  
pp. 63-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorthe Brogård Kristensen ◽  
Katrine Schepelern Johansen
Keyword(s):  
Inner Core ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Treatment Practices ◽  
Addictive Substance ◽  
Food Perceptions ◽  
Specific Substance ◽  
The Relationship

The article explores the role of addictive substances, and how they constitute the experience of pleasure and categories of addictions (Garriott & Raikhel 2015). In two separate studies, one of the users in heroin-assisted treatment of addiction in Denmark and the other of consumers’ food perceptions, we became interested in the roles played by the addictive substance and the concept of addiction – as a cultural category with social, moral, and political significance (Keane 2002) – among our informants. More specifically, we focused on how pleasure is constrained, made, or enacted in societal responses and treatment practices by comparing the case of heroin and sugar. The juxtaposition of the two types of addiction serves to illustrate the relationship between a specific substance, cultural categories, and responses.Analysis focuses on the interplay between the addict, the substance, social networks, and institutions. We argue that both the addict as a subject and the effect of the addictive substance are produced by a network of actors, experiences, moral values, societal institutions, and public discourses. The two cases show the importance of attending to substance effect in this context, and to variations in a single cultural setting – ultimately demonstrating that substance use and the experience of pleasure are not simply matters of choice but rather results of embodied conditioning, whereby social forces constrain the experience of pleasure. In both cases, recovery becomes a means of finding what is perceived to be one’s inner core in a society marked by industrial interference and artificiality, manifested in – among many other objects – certain chemical substances. In some situations, however, by regaining some degree of autonomy and by getting in touch with one’s “inner core” the substance becomes a possible actant for the enjoyment of pleasure

Durational Patterns of Recurrent Multiword Combinations in Mandarin Spontaneous Speech Production

2020 ◽  
pp. 002383092096601
Author(s):  
Alvin C.-H. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Spontaneous Speech ◽  
The Other ◽  
Speech Corpus ◽  
Distributional Properties ◽  
Multiword Units ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Large Representative

This study examined the prosodic realization of recurrent multiword combinations (RMC) in Mandarin spontaneous speech production and asked (a) whether speakers produce RMCs differently compared to novel combinations, and (b) how the RMC durational patterns are connected to its distributional properties and constituent structures. RMCs were first defined based on their distributional criteria in a large representative corpus, and a subset of these RMCs used in a phone-aligned spontaneous speech corpus were identified for the analyses of the relationship between their duration on one end and their distributional statistics (RMC frequency and lexical associations in two directions) and constituent structures (projected constituent level and boundary) on the other. The results suggest that Mandarin speakers are sensitive to the multifaceted multiword distributional properties, which are mediated by the constituent structures of RMCs. We discuss how these distinct durational patterns contribute to our understanding of the pragmatic and interactional role of multiword units in language processing and development.

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