The genetic diversity of SMLS (Sitobion miscanthiL type symbiont) and its effect on the fitness, mitochondrial DNA diversity andBuchnera aphidicoladynamic of wheat aphid,Sitobion miscanthi(Hemiptera: Aphididae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (13) ◽  
pp. 3142-3151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Li ◽  
Xu-Jin Wu ◽  
Yue-Li Jiang ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Yun Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Dna Diversity

scholarly journals Hitchhiker’s guide to genetic diversity in socially structured populations

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. Premo
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Structured Populations ◽  
Genetic Hitchhiking ◽  
Gene Substitution ◽  
Dna Diversity ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Cultural Traits

Abstract When selection increases the frequency of a beneficial gene substitution it can also increase the frequencies of linked neutral alleles through a process called genetic hitchhiking. A model built to investigate reduced genetic diversity in Pleistocene hominins shows that genetic hitchhiking can have a strong effect on neutral diversity in the presence of culturally mediated migration. Under conditions in which genetic and cultural variants are transmitted symmetrically, neutral genes may also hitchhike to higher frequencies on the coattails of adaptive cultural traits through a process called cultural hitchhiking. Cultural hitchhiking has been proposed to explain why some species of matrilineal whales display relatively low levels of mitochondrial DNA diversity, and it may be applicable to humans as well. This paper provides a critical review of recent models of both types of hitchhiking in socially structured populations. The models’ assumptions and predictions are compared and discussed in the hope that studies of reduced genetic diversity in humans might improve our understanding of reduced genetic diversity in other species, and vice versa [Current Zoology 58 (1): 287–297, 2012].

scholarly journals Genetic Investigation of Four Beluga Sturgeon (Huso huso, L.) Broodstocks for its Reintroduction in the Po River Basin

Environments ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Caterina M. Antognazza ◽  
Isabella Vanetti ◽  
Vanessa De Santis ◽  
Adriano Bellani ◽  
Monica Di Francesco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Huso Huso ◽  
Po River ◽  
Beluga Sturgeon ◽  
Po River Basin

The reintroduction of the extinct beluga sturgeon (Huso huso L.), an anadromous species with economic and traditional relevance, is a priority in next conservation strategies in Northern Italy. The EU-LIFE NATURA project aims to reintroduce the beluga sturgeon in the Po River basin through a captive breeding program. Critical requirements for the success of the program are river connectivity and knowledge of genetic diversity of the selected broodstocks to ensure self-sustainability of reintroduced populations. Here, the four broodstocks used for the reintroduction of beluga sturgeon have been genetically screened, genotyping 13 loci and sequencing mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b (Cyt b) gene and the entire mitochondrial DNA control region (D-Loop). The four broodstocks showed a medium-high level of nuclear genetic variability and the presence of two sub-populations, evidencing a total level of inbreeding coefficients able to sustain the good potential as future breeders. Mitochondrial analyses showed a genetic variability comparable to wild populations, further strengthening the positive potential of the investigated broodstock. Therefore, this study, showed how the degree of genetic diversity found within the four broodstocks used for H. huso reintroduction in the Po River basin could be suitable to ensure the success of the program, avoiding the inbreeding depression associated with founder effect and captive breeding.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial DNA Variation in Peruvian Honey Bee (Apis mellifera L.) Populations Using the tRNAleu-cox2 Intergenic Region

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 641
Author(s):  
Julio Chávez-Galarza ◽  
Ruth López-Montañez ◽  
Alejandra Jiménez ◽  
Rubén Ferro-Mauricio ◽  
Juan Oré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Intergenic Region ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Africanized Honey Bee ◽  
Dna Variations ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Bee Colonies

Mitochondrial DNA variations of Peruvian honey bee populations were surveyed by using the tRNAleu-cox2 intergenic region. Only two studies have characterized these populations, indicating the presence of Africanized honey bee colonies in different regions of Peru and varied levels of Africanization, but the current status of its genetic diversity is unknown. A total of 512 honey bee colonies were sampled from three regions to characterize them. Our results revealed the presence of European and African haplotypes: the African haplotypes identified belong to sub-lineage AI (13) and sub-lineage AIII (03), and the European haplotypes to lineages C (06) and M (02). Of 24 haplotypes identified, 15 new sequences are reported here (11 sub-lineage AI, 2 sub-lineage AIII, and 2 lineage M). Peruvian honey bee populations presented a higher proportion from African than European haplotypes. High proportions of African haplotype were reported for Piura and Junín, unlike Lima, which showed more European haplotypes from lineage C. Few colonies belonging to lineage M would represent accidental purchase or traces of the introduction into Peru in the 19th century.

scholarly journals Genetic Consequences of Fence Confinement in a Population of White-Tailed Deer

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Emily K. Latch ◽  
Kenneth L. Gee ◽  
Stephen L. Webb ◽  
Rodney L. Honeycutt ◽  
Randy W. DeYoung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Wildlife Management ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Adaptive Potential ◽  
Population Isolation ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Wildlife Populations ◽  
Mtdna Diversity

Fencing wildlife populations can aid wildlife management goals, but potential benefits may not always outweigh costs of confinement. Population isolation can erode genetic diversity and lead to the accumulation of inbreeding, reducing viability and limiting adaptive potential. We used microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA data collected from 640 white-tailed deer confined within a 1184 ha fence to quantify changes in genetic diversity and inbreeding over the first 12 years of confinement. Genetic diversity was sustained over the course of the study, remaining comparable to unconfined white-tailed deer populations. Uneroded genetic diversity suggests that genetic drift is mitigated by a low level of gene flow, which supports field observations that the fence is not completely impermeable. In year 9 of the study, we observed an unexpected influx of mtDNA diversity and drop in inbreeding as measured by FIS. A male harvest restriction imposed that year increased male survival, and more diverse mating may have contributed to the inbreeding reduction and temporary genetic diversity boost we observed. These data add to our understanding of the long-term impacts of fences on wildlife, but also highlight the importance of continued monitoring of confined populations.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Maternal Lineage in the Endangered Kiso Horse Based on Polymorphism of the Mitochondrial DNA D-Loop Region

2014 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
pp. 1451-1456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaki TAKASU ◽  
Namiko ISHIHARA ◽  
Teruaki TOZAKI ◽  
Hironaga KAKOI ◽  
Masami MAEDA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Maternal Lineage ◽  
Loop Region ◽  
D Loop
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