Individual Differences in the Vocal Communication of Malayan Tapirs (Tapirus indicus) Considering Familiarity and Relatedness

Studies in animal communication have shown that many species have individual distinct calls. These individual distinct vocalizations can play an important role in animal communication because they can carry important information about the age, sex, personality, or social role of the signaler. Although we have good knowledge regarding the importance of individual vocalization in social living mammals, it is less clear to what extent solitary living mammals possess individual distinct vocalizations. We recorded and analyzed the vocalizations of 14 captive adult Malayan tapirs (Tapirus indicus) (six females and eight males) to answer this question. We investigated whether familiarity or relatedness had an influence on call similarity. In addition to sex-related differences, we found significant differences between all subjects, comparable to the individual differences found in highly social living species. Surprisingly, kinship appeared to have no influence on call similarity, whereas familiar subjects exhibited significantly higher similarity in their harmonic calls compared to unfamiliar or related subjects. The results support the view that solitary animals could have individual distinct calls, like highly social animals. Therefore, it is likely that non-social factors, like low visibility, could have an influence on call individuality. The increasing knowledge of their behavior will help to protect this endangered species.

Mammalian Diversity of Gunung Ledang, Johor, Peninsular Malaysia

Mammals play a crucial role for the biotic processes of the rainforest ecosystem. Studying their behaviour and biology are vital to fully understand the jigsaw of rainforest dynamics. This study was made to update the diversity checklist of mammals in Gunung Ledang. This study was done in Taman Negara Johor; Gunung Ledang (2.37°N, 102.60°E) where it is known to be the highest mountain (1,276 m asl.) in the southern Malay Peninsula. This study was conducted from July 2018 to April 2019. In total, 22 cameras were installed along three nature trails which are Sagill trail, Telekom Trail, and Resort Trail. Overall, a total of 31 species of terrestrial mammals from small- to large-sized were recorded in our camera trapping study of 3434 camera-days.Mammals such as the Leopard (Panthera pardus), Sumatran Serow (Capricornis sumatraensis), and Malayan Tapir (Tapirus indicus) were caught in the videos of camera trap. This showed that the diversity of mammals in Gunung Ledang is quite high. Tthis paper already gave valuable insights in a rainforest guild that is highly diverse and of outstanding value to the forest ecosystem. Management plans and strategy to conserve the mammals in Gunung Ledang can be done as accordingly afterwards.

Perilaku Satwa Liar Pada Kelas Mammalia

Perilaku satwa liar merupakan gerak gerik satwa liar untuk memenuhi rangsangan dalam tubuhnya dengan memanfaatkan rangsangan yang diperoleh dari lingkungannya. Mamalia adalah hewan atau binatang bertulang belakang (vertebrata) yang berdarah panas, dapat dibedakan dengan memiliki rambut, dan sistem reproduksinya dengan cara melahirkan dan menyusui anaknya. Tujuan pengamatan jurnal ini adalah untuk mengetahu perilaku seksual, perilaku sosial, perilaku makan, perilaku khas, dan perilaku pergerakan maupun aktivitas harian golongan mamalia diantaranya Orangutan sumatera(Pongo abelii), Trenggiling (Manis javanica), Gajah sumatera (Elephas maximus sumatranus), Beruk (Macaca namestrina), Tapir Asia (Tapirus indicus) dan mengetahui status konservasi masing-masing mamalia berdasarkan IUCN (International Union For Conservation Of Nature)