scholarly journals Isochorismate-based salicylic acid biosynthesis confers basal resistance to Fusarium graminearum in barley

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1995-2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qunqun Hao ◽  
Wenqiang Wang ◽  
Xiuli Han ◽  
Jingzheng Wu ◽  
Bo Lyu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Basal Resistance

scholarly journals Salicylic Acid Biosynthesis and Metabolism: A Divergent Pathway for Plants and Bacteria

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 705
Author(s):  
Awdhesh Kumar Mishra ◽  
Kwang-Hyun Baek
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Shikimate Pathway ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene ◽  
Biosynthetic Enzyme ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene Clusters ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Common Precursor

Salicylic acid (SA) is an active secondary metabolite that occurs in bacteria, fungi, and plants. SA and its derivatives (collectively called salicylates) are synthesized from chorismate (derived from shikimate pathway). SA is considered an important phytohormone that regulates various aspects of plant growth, environmental stress, and defense responses against pathogens. Besides plants, a large number of bacterial species, such as Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Azospirillum, Salmonella, Achromobacter, Vibrio, Yersinia, and Mycobacteria, have been reported to synthesize salicylates through the NRPS/PKS biosynthetic gene clusters. This bacterial salicylate production is often linked to the biosynthesis of small ferric-ion-chelating molecules, salicyl-derived siderophores (known as catecholate) under iron-limited conditions. Although bacteria possess entirely different biosynthetic pathways from plants, they share one common biosynthetic enzyme, isochorismate synthase, which converts chorismate to isochorismate, a common precursor for synthesizing SA. Additionally, SA in plants and bacteria can undergo several modifications to carry out their specific functions. In this review, we will systematically focus on the plant and bacterial salicylate biosynthesis and its metabolism.

scholarly journals TGACG-BINDING FACTOR 1 (TGA1) and TGA4 regulate salicylic acid and pipecolic acid biosynthesis by modulating the expression ofSYSTEMIC ACQUIRED RESISTANCE DEFICIENT 1(SARD1) andCALMODULIN-BINDING PROTEIN 60g(CBP60g)

2017 ◽  
Vol 217 (1) ◽  
pp. 344-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tongjun Sun ◽  
Lucas Busta ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Pingtao Ding ◽  
Reinhard Jetter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Pipecolic Acid ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Binding Factor

scholarly journals Purification and properties of lipoxygenase from wheat seedlings infected by Fusarium graminearum and treated by salicylic acid

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 26-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
О. О. Моlodchenkova ◽  
◽  
V. G. Аdamovskaya ◽  
L. Y. Ciselskaya ◽  
L. Ya. Bezkrovnaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Purification And Properties

scholarly journals Abscisic acid modulates salicylic acid biosynthesis for systemic acquired resistance in tomato

2017 ◽  
Vol 81 (9) ◽  
pp. 1850-1853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miyuki Kusajima ◽  
Yasuko Okumura ◽  
Moeka Fujita ◽  
Hideo Nakashita
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis

scholarly journals Comparative phosphoproteomic analysis of blast resistant and susceptible rice cultivars in response to salicylic acid

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranran Sun ◽  
Shiwen Qin ◽  
Tong Zhang ◽  
Zhenzhong Wang ◽  
Huaping Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Phosphoglycerate Mutase ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Basal Resistance ◽  
Pathogen Invasion

Abstract Background Salicylic acid (SA) is a significant signaling molecule that induces rice resistance against pathogen invasion. Protein phosphorylation carries out an important regulatory function in plant defense responses, while the global phosphoproteome changes in rice response to SA-mediated defense response has not been reported. In this study, a comparative phosphoproteomic profiling was conducted by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectrometry (MS) analysis, with two near-isogenic rice cultivars after SA treatment. Results Thirty-seven phosphoprotein spots were differentially expressed after SA treatment, twenty-nine of which were identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF MS, belonging to nine functional categories. Phosphoproteins involved in photosynthesis, antioxidative enzymes, molecular chaperones were similarly expressed in the two cultivars, suggesting SA might alleviate decreases in plant photosynthesis, regulate the antioxidant defense activities, thus improving basal resistance response in both cultivars. Meanwhile, phosphoproteins related to defense, carbohydrate metabolism, protein synthesis and degradation were differentially expressed, suggesting phosphorylation regulation mediated by SA may coordinate complex cellular activities in the two cultivars. Furthermore, the phosphorylation sites of four identified phosphoproteins were verified by NanoLC-MS/MS, and phosphorylated regulation of three enzymes (cinnamoyl-CoA reductase, phosphoglycerate mutase and ascorbate peroxidase) was validated by activity determination. Conclusions Our study suggested that phosphorylation regulation mediated by SA may contribute to the different resistance response of the two cultivars. To our knowledge, this is the first report to measure rice phosphoproteomic changes in response to SA, which provides new insights into molecular mechanisms of SA-induced rice defense.

scholarly journals Urinary Hippuric Acid after Ingestion of Edible Fruits

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmin Toromanović ◽  
Elvira Kovač-Bešović ◽  
Aida Šapčanin ◽  
Ismet Tahirović ◽  
Zlatan Rimpapa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Hippuric Acid ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Aromatic Acids ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Spectrophotometric Measurement ◽  
Urine Sampling ◽  
Food Quantity

Aim of this study was to evaluate the biotransformation of simple phenols after ingestion of edible fruits and mixed food. It was analyzed hippuric acid in urine as biomarker of conjugation in the liver cells of glycine with aromatic phenolic acids such benzoic and salicylic acid from ingested food. Measurement of hippuric acid in urine samples of 10 healthy individuals: 5 female and 5 male with a mean age 51,5 years were recruited to participate in this study. Urine samples were collected for 24 hours. The additional meals 300 g of fruits: blueberry, cherry, raspberry, melon, blackberry and mixed food were given immediately before the 24 hr urine sampling. Otherwise, the meals given during 24 hr was a usually food. Biotransformation of phenols in edible fruits, that are together with liver glycins precursors of hippuric acid biosynthesis, was evaluated by direct spectrophotometric measurement of excreted hippuric acid in urine at 410 nm. It was established that the highest quantity of hippuric acid was after ingestion of 300g of bilberry fruits (p< 0,003), and same quantity of cherries (p< 0,003). Concentration of excreted hippuric acid was twice higher after ingestion of these fruits in comparison with hippuric acid concentrations in urine after ingestion of common - mixed food. Quantity of biosynthesised hippuric acid was in direct correlation with the concentrations of its precursors, primarily phenol acids and other simple aromatic acids ingested with food.

scholarly journals Fusarium graminearum ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter Gene FgABCC9 Is Required for Its Transportation of Salicylic Acid, Fungicide Resistance, Mycelial Growth and Pathogenicity towards Wheat

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 2351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng-Fei Qi ◽  
Ya-Zhou Zhang ◽  
Cai-Hong Liu ◽  
Jing Zhu ◽  
Qing Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Tertiary Structure ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Atp Binding ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Transporter Family ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Atp Binding Cassette

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters hydrolyze ATP to transport a wide range of substrates. Fusarium graminearum is a major causal agent of Fusarium head blight, which is a severe disease in wheat worldwide. FgABCC9 (FG05_07325) encodes an ABC-C (ABC transporter family C) transporter in F. graminearum, which was highly expressed during the infection in wheat and was up-regulated by the plant defense hormone salicylic acid (SA) and the fungicide tebuconazole. The predicted tertiary structure of the FgABCC9 protein was consistent with the schematic of the ABC exporter. Deletion of FgABCC9 resulted in decreased mycelial growth, increased sensitivity to SA and tebuconazole, reduced accumulation of deoxynivalenol (DON), and less pathogenicity towards wheat. Re-introduction of a functional FgABCC9 gene into ΔFgABCC9 recovered the phenotypes of the wild type strain. Transgenic expression of FgABCC9 in Arabidopsis thaliana increased the accumulation of SA in its leaves without activating SA signaling, which suggests that FgABCC9 functions as an SA exporter. Taken together, FgABCC9 encodes an ABC exporter, which is critical for fungal exportation of SA, response to tebuconazole, mycelial growth, and pathogenicity towards wheat.

Salicylic acid biosynthesis and its control in Mycobacterium smegmatis

1972 ◽  
Vol 264 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
B MARSHALL ◽  
C RATLEDGE
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Mycobacterium Smegmatis ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis

Salicylic acid biosynthesis

1999 ◽  
pp. 295-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne C. Verberne ◽  
Retno A. Budi Muljono ◽  
Robert Verpoorte
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis

scholarly journals HRT-Mediated Hypersensitive Response and Resistance to Turnip crinkle virus in Arabidopsis Does Not Require the Function of TIP, the Presumed Guardee Protein

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 1316-1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rae-Dong Jeong ◽  
A. C. Chandra-Shekara ◽  
Aardra Kachroo ◽  
Daniel F. Klessig ◽  
Pradeep Kachroo
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Nuclear Localization ◽  
Hypersensitive Response ◽  
Turnip Crinkle Virus ◽  
Basal Resistance ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Enhanced Resistance ◽  
Resistance Protein ◽  
Knockout Mutation ◽  
Nac Family

The Arabidopsis resistance protein HRT recognizes the Turnip crinkle virus (TCV) coat protein (CP) to induce a hypersensitive response (HR) in the resistant ecotype Di-17. The CP also interacts with a nuclear-targeted NAC family of host transcription factors, designated TIP (TCV-interacting protein). Because binding of CP to TIP prevents nuclear localization of TIP, it has been proposed that TIP serves as a guardee for HRT. Here, we have tested the requirement for TIP in HRT-mediated HR and resistance by analyzing plants carrying knockout mutation in the TIP gene. Our results show that loss of TIP does not alter HR or resistance to TCV. Furthermore, the mutation in TIP neither impaired the salicylic acid–mediated induction of HRT expression nor the enhanced resistance conferred by overexpression of HRT. Strikingly, the mutation in TIP resulted in increased replication of TCV and Cucumber mosaic virus, suggesting that TIP may play a role in basal resistance but is not required for HRT-mediated signaling.

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