scholarly journals Plant nitrate supply regulates Erwinia amylovora virulence gene expression in Arabidopsis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahsa Farjad ◽  
Gilles Clément ◽  
Alban Launay ◽  
Roua Jeridi ◽  
Sylvie Jolivet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Virulence Gene Expression ◽  
Nitrate Supply

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification of Genes Regulated by the Rcs Phosphorelay System in Erwinia amylovora

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongping Wang ◽  
Mingsheng Qi ◽  
Bernarda Calla ◽  
Schuyler S. Korban ◽  
Steven J. Clough ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Luria Bertani ◽  
Regulatory Genes ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Virulence Gene Expression ◽  
Genome Wide

The exopolysaccharide amylovoran is one of the major pathogenicity factors in Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight of apples and pears. We have previously demonstrated that the RcsBCD phosphorelay system is essential for virulence by controlling amylovoran biosynthesis. We have also found that the hybrid sensor kinase RcsC differentially regulates amylovoran production in vitro and in vivo. To further understand how the Rcs system regulates E. amylovora virulence gene expression, we conducted genome-wide microarray analyses to determine the regulons of RcsB and RcsC in liquid medium and on immature pear fruit. Array analyses identified a total of 648 genes differentially regulated by RcsCB in vitro and in vivo. Consistent with our previous findings, RcsB acts as a positive regulator in both conditions, while RcsC positively controls expression of amylovoran biosynthetic genes in vivo but negatively controls expression in vitro. Besides amylovoran biosynthesis and regulatory genes, cell-wall and cell-envelope (membrane) as well as regulatory genes were identified as the major components of the RcsBC regulon, including many novel genes. We have also demonstrated that transcripts of rcsA, rcsC, and rcsD genes but not the rcsB gene were up-regulated when bacterial cells were grown in minimal medium or following infection of pear fruits compared with those grown in Luria Bertani medium. Furthermore, using the genome of E. amylovora ATCC 49946, a hidden Markov model predicted 60 genes with a candidate RcsB binding site in the intergenic region, 28 of which were identified in the microarray assay. Based on these findings as well as previous reported data, a working model has been proposed to illustrate how the Rcs phosphorelay system regulates virulence gene expression in E. amylovora.

scholarly journals Molecular Signature of Differential Virulence in Natural Isolates of Erwinia amylovora

2010 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongping Wang ◽  
Schuyler S. Korban ◽  
Youfu Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Molecular Signature ◽  
Molecular Signatures ◽  
Swarming Motility ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Virulence Gene Expression ◽  
Root Stock ◽  
Natural Isolates

Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight, is considered to be a genetically homogeneous species based on physiological, biochemical, phylogenetic, and genetic analysis. However, E. amylovora strains exhibiting differential virulence are isolated from nature. The exopolysaccharide amylovoran and type III secretion system (T3SS) are two major yet separate virulence factors in E. amylovora. The objective of this study was to investigate whether there is a correlation between E. amylovora virulence and levels of virulence gene expression. Four wild-type strains (Ea1189, Ea273, Ea110, and CFBP1430), widely used in studies of E. amylovora pathogenesis, have been analyzed and compared. E. amylovora strains Ea273 and Ea110 elicited higher severity of disease symptoms than those of Ea1189 and CFBP1430 on apple cv. Golden Delicious and G16 apple root stock plants but not on susceptible Gala plants. In addition, Ea273 and Ea110 elicited severe hypersensitive responses within shorter periods of time at lower inoculum concentrations than those of Ea1189 and CFBP1430 on tobacco plants. Further molecular analyses have revealed that amylovoran production and expression of both amylovoran (amsG) and T3SS (dspE and hrpL) genes were significantly higher in Ea273 and Ea110 than those in Ea1189 and CFBP1430. Other phenotypes such as swarming motility in these four strains also differed significantly. These results indicate that E. amylovora strains of different origin can be divided into subgroups based on molecular signatures of virulence gene expression. Therefore, these molecular signatures may be used to differentiate E. amylovora strains, which may have taxonomical and evolutionary implications.

Vibrio harveyi virulence gene expression in vitro and in vivo during infection in black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon

2020 ◽  
Vol 139 ◽  
pp. 153-160
Author(s):  
S Peeralil ◽  
TC Joseph ◽  
V Murugadas ◽  
PG Akhilnath ◽  
VN Sreejith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Vibrio Harveyi ◽  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Virulence Gene Expression

Luminescent Vibrio harveyi is common in sea and estuarine waters. It produces several virulence factors and negatively affects larval penaeid shrimp in hatcheries, resulting in severe economic losses to shrimp aquaculture. Although V. harveyi is an important pathogen of shrimp, its pathogenicity mechanisms have yet to be completely elucidated. In the present study, isolates of V. harveyi were isolated and characterized from diseased Penaeus monodon postlarvae from hatcheries in Kerala, India, from September to December 2016. All 23 tested isolates were positive for lipase, phospholipase, caseinase, gelatinase and chitinase activity, and 3 of the isolates (MFB32, MFB71 and MFB68) showed potential for significant biofilm formation. Based on the presence of virulence genes, the isolates of V. harveyi were grouped into 6 genotypes, predominated by vhpA+ flaB+ ser+ vhh1- luxR+ vopD- vcrD+ vscN-. One isolate from each genotype was randomly selected for in vivo virulence experiments, and the LD50 ranged from 1.7 ± 0.5 × 103 to 4.1 ± 0.1 × 105 CFU ml-1. The expression of genes during the infection in postlarvae was high in 2 of the isolates (MFB12 and MFB32), consistent with the result of the challenge test. However, in MFB19, even though all genes tested were present, their expression level was very low and likely contributed to its lack of virulence. Because of the significant variation in gene expression, the presence of virulence genes alone cannot be used as a marker for pathogenicity of V. harveyi.

scholarly journals Nutritional Regulation of the Sae Two-Component System by CodY inStaphylococcus aureus

2018 ◽  
Vol 200 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin D. Mlynek ◽  
William E. Sause ◽  
Derek E. Moormeier ◽  
Marat R. Sadykov ◽  
Kurt R. Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Nutrient Depletion ◽  
Global Regulator ◽  
Two Component System ◽  
Component System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Virulence Gene Expression ◽  
Two Component

ABSTRACTStaphylococcus aureussubverts innate defenses during infection in part by killing host immune cells to exacerbate disease. This human pathogen intercepts host cues and activates a transcriptional response via theS. aureusexoprotein expression (SaeR/SaeS [SaeR/S]) two-component system to secrete virulence factors critical for pathogenesis. We recently showed that the transcriptional repressor CodY adjusts nuclease (nuc) gene expression via SaeR/S, but the mechanism remained unknown. Here, we identified two CodY binding motifs upstream of thesaeP1 promoter, which suggested direct regulation by this global regulator. We show that CodY shares a binding site with the positive activator SaeR and that alleviating direct CodY repression at this site is sufficient to abrogate stochastic expression, suggesting that CodY repressessaeexpression by blocking SaeR binding. Epistasis experiments support a model that CodY also controlssaeindirectly through Agr and Rot-mediated repression of thesaeP1 promoter. We also demonstrate that CodY repression ofsaerestrains production of secreted cytotoxins that kill human neutrophils. We conclude that CodY plays a previously unrecognized role in controlling virulence gene expression via SaeR/S and suggest a mechanism by which CodY acts as a master regulator of pathogenesis by tying nutrient availability to virulence gene expression.IMPORTANCEBacterial mechanisms that mediate the switch from a commensal to pathogenic lifestyle are among the biggest unanswered questions in infectious disease research. Since the expression of most virulence genes is often correlated with nutrient depletion, this implies that virulence is a response to the lack of nourishment in host tissues and that pathogens likeS. aureusproduce virulence factors in order to gain access to nutrients in the host. Here, we show that specific nutrient depletion signals appear to be funneled to the SaeR/S system through the global regulator CodY. Our findings reveal a strategy by whichS. aureusdelays the production of immune evasion and immune-cell-killing proteins until key nutrients are depleted.

DNA supercoiling and environmental regulation of virulence gene expression in Shigella flexneri

Nature ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 344 (6268) ◽  
pp. 789-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles J. Dorman ◽  
Niamh Ni Bhriain ◽  
Christopher F. Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Dna Supercoiling ◽  
Virulence Gene Expression
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