Treatment preferences for primary membranous nephropathy: Results of a multinational survey among nephrologists in the South Asia Pacific region

Nephrology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhadran Bose ◽  
Sunil V. Badve ◽  
David W. Johnson ◽  
Carmel Hawley ◽  
Vivekanand Jha ◽  
...  
Author(s):  
Sarah Teitt

There is a tendency to view R2P diffusion in the Asia Pacific region as a function of ‘norm containment’, which explains endorsement of R2P as a result of the weakening, deconstruction, or dilution of R2P to render it more compatible with the region’s state-centred security norms and practices. This chapter demonstrates, however, that R2P has diffused in the Asia Pacific region through a dynamic process of negotiation and compromise between international R2P norm advocates and Asia Pacific actors, which has witnessed concession and accommodation on both sides. Through case study analysis of how the governments of Japan and India have engaged with R2P, the chapter argues that the Asia Pacific’s socialization to R2P is most aptly characterized as a balance of R2P norm containment and localization, witnessed in Asia Pacific actors shaping the contours of the R2P norm and accommodating its prescriptions through gradual, incremental normative and institutional change.


2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (20) ◽  
pp. 14851-14866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taku Umezawa ◽  
Hidekazu Matsueda ◽  
Yousuke Sawa ◽  
Yosuke Niwa ◽  
Toshinobu Machida ◽  
...  

Abstract. Measurement of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) is indispensable for top-down estimation of surface CO2 sources/sinks by an atmospheric transport model. Despite the growing importance of Asia in the global carbon budget, the region has only been sparsely monitored for atmospheric CO2 and our understanding of atmospheric CO2 variations in the region (and thereby that of the regional carbon budget) is still limited. In this study, we present climatological CO2 distributions over the Asia-Pacific region obtained from the CONTRAIL (Comprehensive Observation Network for TRace gases by AIrLiner) measurements. The high-frequency in-flight CO2 measurements over 10 years reveal a clear seasonal variation in CO2 in the upper troposphere (UT), with a maximum occurring in April–May and a minimum in August–September. The CO2 mole fraction in the UT north of 40∘ N is low and highly variable in June–August due to the arrival of air parcels with seasonally low CO2 caused by the summertime biospheric uptake in boreal Eurasia. For August–September in particular, the UT CO2 is noticeably low within the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone associated with the convective transport of strong biospheric CO2 uptake signal over South Asia. During September as the anticyclone decays, a spreading of this low-CO2 area in the UT is observed in the vertical profiles of CO2 over the Pacific Rim of continental East Asia. Simulation results identify the influence of anthropogenic and biospheric CO2 fluxes in the seasonal evolution of the spatial CO2 distribution over the Asia-Pacific region. It is inferred that a substantial contribution to the UT CO2 over the northwestern Pacific comes from continental East Asian emissions in spring; but in the summer monsoon season, the prominent air mass origin switches to South Asia and/or Southeast Asia with a distinct imprint of the biospheric CO2 uptake. The CONTRAIL CO2 data provide useful constraints to model estimates of surface fluxes and to the evaluation of the satellite observations, in particular for the Asia-Pacific region.


2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
David Robie ◽  
Hermin Indah Wahyuni

When University of the South Pacific climate change scientist Elisabeth Holland gave a keynote address at the Second Pacific Climate Change Conference at Te Papa Tongarewa in Wellington, New Zealand, on February 2018, her message was simple but inspiring. In an address advocating ‘connecting the dots’ about the climate challenges facing the globe, and particularly the coral atoll microstates of the Asia-Pacific region, she called for ‘more Pacific research, by the Pacific and for the Pacific’. The 2007 Nobel Peace Prize co-recipient, Professor Holland, director of the University of the South Pacific’s Pacific Centre for Environment and Sustainable Development (PaCE-SD), noted many of the global models drawn from average statistics were not too helpful for the specifics in the Pacific where climate change had already become a daily reality.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hardi Alunaza

In the 21st century South Asia Pacific region will have great attention from the world. Geographical, social, economic and political in the South Pacific region influence on how the leaders of island nations take a stand on global issues, especially the issues that threaten their existence as sovereign states. This paper tries to explain how the efforts made by the leaders in the South Pacific is more focused on issues of non-traditional security, especially the efforts to minimize the impact caused by nuclear radiation, as a result of nuclear weapon test conducted by countries like the United States and France. With the concept of Balance of Power, this paper attempts to review on how the small countries in the South Pacific region established alliances as a form of rejection of nuclear weapon testing in the South Pacific as well as on how effective their efforts to build the South Pacific region as one of the nuclear free zones in the world.The rejection of the South Pacific community against all forms of nuclear testing mainly carried out by the United States, British and also France is not as a kind of effort which is further than the balance of power. However, it is more closely referred as a political means to demonstrate their existence to the world, that they are parts of the world's population who have right that deserves to be rewarded and aligned with the rest of the world. Principally, there are three effects due to radiation which can directly affect to the human body: 1). The cells will die, 2). the multiplication of the cells that can eventually lead to cancer cells, and 3). The damage can occur in the egg or testis which will trigger the process of deformed babies in the womb.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document