scholarly journals Tree size and climatic water deficit control root to shoot ratio in individual trees globally

2017 ◽  
Vol 217 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Ledo ◽  
Keryn I. Paul ◽  
David F. R. P. Burslem ◽  
John J. Ewel ◽  
Craig Barton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Climatic Water Deficit ◽  
Control Root ◽  
Root To Shoot Ratio ◽  
Individual Trees

scholarly journals Water Deficit and Recovery-Induced Changes in Growth, Photosynthetic Characteristics, Antioxidant Enzymes and Yield of Two Tartary Buckwheat Genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (02) ◽  
pp. 483-491
Author(s):  
Yan Wan
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Tartary Buckwheat ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Node Number ◽  
Stem Node ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root To Shoot Ratio

Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) is an important food crop that is widely adaptable to hostile environments. In this study the responses of two Tartary buckwheat genotypes: drought-susceptible Chuanqiao No. 1 (CQ) and drought-tolerant Jingqiao No. 2 (JQ) in terms of morphology, photosynthesis, physiology and yield to a progressive water deficit and recovery treatment (WD-R) were evaluated. Plants in the well-watered (WW) treatment were watered throughout the experiment. Compared to the WW treatment, water deficit in the WD-R treatment caused decreases in plant height, stem diameter, branch number, stem node number, biomass, seed number, soil water content (SWC), leaf relative water content (RWC), net photosynthesis rate (Pn), intercellular CO2 concentration, stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr) and Fv/Fm in both CQ and JQ plants. Leaf wilting, malondialdehyde content, superoxide dismutase activity, peroxidase activity, initial fluorescence (F0) and root-to-shoot ratio were significantly increased under water stress in the WD-R treatment. Under the WD-R treatment, compared to CQ, JQ maintained higher RWC, SWC, Pn, Gs, WUE, Fv/Fm, plant height, branch number, stem node number, root biomass, stem biomass, leaf biomass, total biomass, root-to-shoot ratio, seed number per plant, and yield, but a lower Tr and F0. By correlation analysis, Gs was positively correlated with leaf RWC and SWC. These differential growth indexes, biochemical traits and physiological responses might be useful for understanding drought-tolerance genotypes that can grow under water-deficit conditions with minimum yield loss. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

scholarly journals Cross-scale interaction of host tree size and climatic water deficit governs bark beetle-induced tree mortality

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Koontz ◽  
Andrew M. Latimer ◽  
Leif A. Mortenson ◽  
Christopher J. Fettig ◽  
Malcolm P. North
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Dendroctonus Brevicomis ◽  
Scale Interactions ◽  
Climatic Water Deficit ◽  
Host Mortality

AbstractThe recent Californian hot drought (2012–2016) precipitated unprecedented ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) mortality, largely attributable to the western pine beetle (Dendroctonus brevicomis; WPB). Broad-scale climate conditions can directly shape tree mortality patterns, but mortality rates respond non-linearly to climate when local-scale forest characteristics influence the behavior of tree-killing bark beetles (e.g., WPB). To test for these cross-scale interactions, we conduct aerial drone surveys at 32 sites along a gradient of climatic water deficit (CWD) spanning 350 km of latitude and 1000 m of elevation in WPB-impacted Sierra Nevada forests. We map, measure, and classify over 450,000 trees within 9 km2, validating measurements with coincident field plots. We find greater size, proportion, and density of ponderosa pine (the WPB host) increase host mortality rates, as does greater CWD. Critically, we find a CWD/host size interaction such that larger trees amplify host mortality rates in hot/dry sites. Management strategies for climate change adaptation should consider how bark beetle disturbances can depend on cross-scale interactions, which challenge our ability to predict and understand patterns of tree mortality.

scholarly journals Influence of Atomization Nozzles and Spraying Intervals on Growth, Biomass Yield, and Nutrient Uptake of Butter-Head Lettuce under Aeroponics System

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Mazhar H. Tunio ◽  
Jianmin Gao ◽  
Imran A. Lakhiar ◽  
Kashif A. Solangi ◽  
Waqar A. Qureshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Growth Ratio ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Droplet Sizes ◽  
Root To Shoot Ratio

The atomized nutrient solution droplet sizes and spraying intervals can impact the chemical properties of the nutrient solution, biomass yield, root-to-shoot ratio and nutrient uptake of aeroponically cultivated plants. In this study, four different nozzles having droplet sizes N1 = 11.24, N2 = 26.35, N3 = 17.38 and N4 = 4.89 µm were selected and misted at three nutrient solution spraying intervals of 30, 45 and 60 min, with a 5 min spraying time. The measured parameters were power of hydrogen (pH) and electrical conductivity (EC) values of the nutrient solution, shoot and root growth, ratio of roots to shoots (fresh and dry), biomass yield and nutrient uptake. The results indicated that the N1 presented significantly lower changes in chemical properties than those of N2, N3 and N4, resulting in stable lateral root growth and increased biomass yield. Also, the root-to-shoot ratio significantly increased with increasing spraying interval using N1 and N4 nozzles. The N1 nozzle also revealed a significant effect on the phosphorous, potassium and magnesium uptake by the plants misted at proposed nutrient solution spraying intervals. However, the ultrasonic nozzle showed a nonsignificant effect on all measured parameters with respect to spraying intervals. In the last, this research experiment validates the applicability of air-assisted nozzle (N1) misting at a 30-min spraying interval and 5 min of spraying time for the cultivation of butter-head lettuce in aeroponic systems.

scholarly journals Linking hydraulic traits to tropical forest function in a size-structured and trait-driven model (TFS v.1-Hydro)

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 4227-4255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley O. Christoffersen ◽  
Manuel Gloor ◽  
Sophie Fauset ◽  
Nikolaos M. Fyllas ◽  
David R. Galbraith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Leaf Mass Per Area ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Plant Hydraulics ◽  
Individual Trees

Abstract. Forest ecosystem models based on heuristic water stress functions poorly predict tropical forest response to drought partly because they do not capture the diversity of hydraulic traits (including variation in tree size) observed in tropical forests. We developed a continuous porous media approach to modeling plant hydraulics in which all parameters of the constitutive equations are biologically interpretable and measurable plant hydraulic traits (e.g., turgor loss point πtlp, bulk elastic modulus ε, hydraulic capacitance Cft, xylem hydraulic conductivity ks,max, water potential at 50 % loss of conductivity for both xylem (P50,x) and stomata (P50,gs), and the leaf : sapwood area ratio Al : As). We embedded this plant hydraulics model within a trait forest simulator (TFS) that models light environments of individual trees and their upper boundary conditions (transpiration), as well as providing a means for parameterizing variation in hydraulic traits among individuals. We synthesized literature and existing databases to parameterize all hydraulic traits as a function of stem and leaf traits, including wood density (WD), leaf mass per area (LMA), and photosynthetic capacity (Amax), and evaluated the coupled model (called TFS v.1-Hydro) predictions, against observed diurnal and seasonal variability in stem and leaf water potential as well as stand-scaled sap flux. Our hydraulic trait synthesis revealed coordination among leaf and xylem hydraulic traits and statistically significant relationships of most hydraulic traits with more easily measured plant traits. Using the most informative empirical trait–trait relationships derived from this synthesis, TFS v.1-Hydro successfully captured individual variation in leaf and stem water potential due to increasing tree size and light environment, with model representation of hydraulic architecture and plant traits exerting primary and secondary controls, respectively, on the fidelity of model predictions. The plant hydraulics model made substantial improvements to simulations of total ecosystem transpiration. Remaining uncertainties and limitations of the trait paradigm for plant hydraulics modeling are highlighted.

Assessment of Biomass Expansion Factor (BEF) and Root-to-shoot Ratio (R) for some Tree Species of Uttarakhand, India

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-377
Author(s):  
Laxmi Rawat ◽  
Pramod Kumar ◽  
Nishita Giri
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Expansion Factor ◽  
Pinus Roxburghii ◽  
Biomass Expansion Factor ◽  
Shorea Robusta ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Harvesting Method ◽  
Root To Shoot Ratio ◽  
Age Series

The present study was conducted in Shorea robusta (sal), Pinus roxburghii (Chir pine), Tectona grandis (Teak) and Ailanthus excelsa (Ardu) plantations of different ages at different sites in Uttarakhand. Biomass was calculated on the basis of complete tree harvesting method (stratified mean tree technique method). Biomass Expansion Factor (BEF) and root-to-shoot ratio (R) of all these 4 tree species have been calculated and presented in this paper. Sample trees of S. robusta were of 45, 53 and 60 years of age. BEF for all these 3 age series were assessed as 1.3 at 45 years, 1.4 at 53 years and 1.2 at 60 years of age. Similarly, R values were assessed as 0.27, 0.28 and 0.26, respectively, in these 3 age series. BEF and R values assessed for T. grandis (28 years age) as 1.46 and 0.21; and for A. excelsa (39 years age) as 1.23 and 0.23, respectively. BEF for P. roxburghii trees calculated as 2.3 for 13 years age, 1.75 for 20 years, 1.71 for 22 years, 1.5 for 33 years and 1.46 for trees of 45 years of age. Similarly, R values were 0.2 for 13 years, 0.21 for 20 years, 0.12 for 22 years, 0.13 for 33 years and 0.15 for 45 years of age. P. roxburghii sample trees have shown decreasing order of BEF with increasing age, whereas S. robusta has not shown such trend along the chronosequence.

Combining the standardized precipitation index and climatic water deficit in characterizing droughts: a case study in Romania

2008 ◽  
Vol 97 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 219-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cr. Paltineanu ◽  
I. F. Mihailescu ◽  
Zoia Prefac ◽  
Carmen Dragota ◽  
Felicia Vasenciuc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Precipitation Index ◽  
Climatic Water Deficit ◽  
The Standardized Precipitation Index

scholarly journals Abiotic stress upregulated TaZFP34 represses the expression of type-B response regulator and SHY2 genes and enhances root to shoot ratio in wheat

Plant Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 252 ◽  
pp. 88-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongping Chang ◽  
Dandan Chen ◽  
Jason Kam ◽  
Terese Richardson ◽  
Janneke Drenth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Response Regulator ◽  
Type B ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root To Shoot Ratio

The impact of light quality and quantity on root-to-shoot ratio and root carbon reserves in aspen seedling stock

New Forests ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. G. Kelly ◽  
S. M. Landhäusser ◽  
P. S. Chow
Keyword(s):  
Light Quality ◽  
Root Carbon ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root To Shoot Ratio ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Biomass expansion factor and root-to-shoot ratio for Pinus in Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos R Sanquetta ◽  
Ana PD Corte ◽  
Fernando da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Expansion Factor ◽  
Biomass Expansion Factor ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root To Shoot Ratio
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