Is forest fecundity resistant to drought? Results from an 18‐yr rainfall‐reduction experiment

Abstract. Precipitation patterns across Central Europe are expected to change over the 21st century due to climate change. This may reduce water availability during the plant-growing season and hence affect the performance and vitality of forest ecosystems. We established a novel rainfall reduction experiment on nine sites in Germany to investigate drought effects on soil–forest–understory ecosystems. A realistic, but extreme annual drought with a return period of 40 years, which corresponds to the 2.5% percentile of the annual precipitation, was imposed. At all sites, we were able to reach the target values of rainfall reduction, while other important ecosystem variables like air temperature, humidity, and soil temperature remained unaffected due to the novel design of a flexible roof. The first year of drought showed considerable changes in the soil moisture dynamics relative to the control sites, which affected leaf stomatal conductance of understory species as well as evapotranspiration rates of the forest understory.

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Fine roots of Picea abies compensate for drought stress in the rainfall reduction experiment

Dendrobiology ◽

10.12657/denbio.080.009 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 80 ◽

pp. 91-100 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

František Lorenc ◽

Vítězslava Pešková ◽

Roman Modlinger ◽

Libor Mrnka ◽

Ivana Tomášková ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Picea Abies ◽

Fine Roots ◽

Reduction Experiment ◽

Rainfall Reduction

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Drought in forest understory ecosystems – a novel rainfall reduction experiment

Biogeosciences Discussions ◽

10.5194/bgd-11-14319-2014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 14319-14358

Author(s):

K. F. Gimbel ◽

K. Felsmann ◽

M. Baudis ◽

H. Puhlmann ◽

A. Gessler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Forest Ecosystems ◽

Forest Understory ◽

First Year ◽

The Novel ◽

Reduction Experiment ◽

Target Values ◽

Rainfall Reduction ◽

Novel Design ◽

Moisture Dynamics ◽

Plant Growing Season

Abstract. Climate change is predicted to severely affect precipitation patterns across central Europe. This may reduce water availability during the plant-growing season and hence affect the performance and vitality of forest ecosystems. We established a novel rainfall reduction experiment on nine sites in Germany to investigate drought effects on soil-forest-understory-ecosystems. A realistic, but extreme annual drought with a return period of 40 years, which corresponds to the 2.5% percentile of the annual precipitation, was imposed. At all sites, we were able to reach the target values of rainfall reduction, while other important ecosystem variables like air temperature, humidity and soil temperature remained unaffected due to the novel design of a flexible roof. The first year of drought showed considerable changes in the soil moisture dynamics relative to the control sites, which affected leaf stomatal conductance of understory species as well as evapotranspiration rates of the forest understory.

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Energy-Efficient and Environmentally Friendly Solid Oxide Membrane Electrolysis Process for Magnesium Oxide Reduction: Experiment and Modeling

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions E ◽

10.1007/s40553-014-0013-x ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 132-144 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Xiaofei Guan ◽

Uday B. Pal ◽

Adam C. Powell

Keyword(s):

Magnesium Oxide ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

Environmentally Friendly ◽

Solid Oxide ◽

Oxide Reduction ◽

Solid Oxide Membrane ◽

Membrane Electrolysis ◽

Reduction Experiment ◽

Solid Oxide Membrane Electrolysis ◽

Oxide Membrane

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Constraints on Southern Australian Rainfall Change Based on Atmospheric Circulation in CMIP5 Simulations

Journal of Climate ◽

10.1175/jcli-d-16-0142.1 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 225-242 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Michael R. Grose ◽

James S. Risbey ◽

Aurel F. Moise ◽

Stacey Osbrough ◽

Craig Heady ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atmospheric Circulation ◽

Storm Track ◽

Polar Front ◽

Rainfall Trends ◽

Circulation Change ◽

Eastern Australia ◽

Projected Change ◽

Rainfall Reduction ◽

Rainfall Projection ◽

Australian Rainfall

Atmospheric circulation change is likely to be the dominant driver of multidecadal rainfall trends in the midlatitudes with climate change this century. This study examines circulation features relevant to southern Australian rainfall in January and July and explores emergent constraints suggested by the intermodel spread and their impact on the resulting rainfall projection in the CMIP5 ensemble. The authors find relationships between models’ bias and projected change for four features in July, each with suggestions for constraining forced change. The features are the strength of the subtropical jet over Australia, the frequency of blocked days in eastern Australia, the longitude of the peak blocking frequency east of Australia, and the latitude of the storm track within the polar front branch of the split jet. Rejecting models where the bias suggests either the direction or magnitude of change in the features is implausible produces a constraint on the projected rainfall reduction for southern Australia. For RCP8.5 by the end of the century the constrained projections are for a reduction of at least 5% in July (with models showing increase or little change being rejected). Rejecting these models in the January projections, with the assumption the bias affects the entire simulation, leads to a rejection of wet and dry outliers.

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EXPRESS: Drawing Individual Images Benefits Recognition Accuracy in the DRM Paradigm

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology ◽

10.1177/17470218211056498 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 174702182110564

Author(s):

Jacob Namias ◽

Mark Huff ◽

Allison Smith ◽

Nicholas Maxwell

Keyword(s):

Signal Detection ◽

False Memory ◽

False Recognition ◽

Recognition Accuracy ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Task ◽

Drm Paradigm ◽

Memory Accuracy ◽

Reduction Experiment ◽

Drawing Task

We examined the effects of drawing on correct and false recognition within the Deese/Roediger-McDermott (DRM) false memory paradigm. In Experiment 1, we compared drawing of a word’s referent using either a standard black pencil or colored pencils relative to a read-only control group. Relative to reading, drawing in either black or colored pencil similarly boosted correct recognition and reduced false recognition. Signal-detection analyses indicated that drawing reduced the amount of encoded memory information for critical lures and increased monitoring, indicating that both processes contributed to the false recognition reduction. Experiment 2 compared drawing of individual images of DRM list items relative to drawing integrated images using sets of DRM list items. False recognition was lower for drawing of individual images relative to integrated images—a pattern that reflected a decrease in encoded memory information but not monitoring. Therefore, drawing individual images improves memory accuracy in the DRM paradigm relative to a standard read-control task and an integrated drawing task, which we argue is due to the recruitment of item-specific processing.

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Biocrusts buffer against the accumulation of soil metallic nutrients induced by warming and rainfall reduction

Communications Biology ◽

10.1038/s42003-020-1054-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eduardo Moreno-Jiménez ◽

Raúl Ochoa-Hueso ◽

César Plaza ◽

Sara Aceña-Heras ◽

Maren Flagmeier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rainfall Reduction

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Direct Reduction Experiment on Low-Grade Limonite at JiangXi

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.734-737.1029 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 734-737 ◽

pp. 1029-1032 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jiang An Chen ◽

Jun Liu

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Separation ◽

Direct Reduction ◽

Influence Factors ◽

Low Grade ◽

Iron Concentrate ◽

Reduction Experiment ◽

Mesh Screen ◽

Concentrate Grade ◽

Roasting Time ◽

Separation Conditions

Considered the properties of limonite ore at Jiangxi, the raw ore pressing ball - direct reduction - magnetic separation flowsheet have been adopted. the pressing ball conditions, the influence factors and the grinding magnetic separation conditions experiments were carried out. The results shown that: When the dosage of coal was 20%, water was 10%, CMC was 0.5%, pressing ball under the pressure of 190 kN, the calcination temperature was 1100 °C, the roasting time is 50 min, roasted ore were magnetic separated after grinded to 85% through 200 mesh screen. the iron concentrate grade of 92.48% and recovery rate of 93.45% were achieved finally.

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