scholarly journals Drought in forest understory ecosystems – a novel rainfall reduction experiment

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 961-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Gimbel ◽  
K. Felsmann ◽  
M. Baudis ◽  
H. Puhlmann ◽  
A. Gessler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Forest Understory ◽  
First Year ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Reduction Experiment ◽  
Target Values ◽  
Rainfall Reduction ◽  
Novel Design ◽  
Moisture Dynamics ◽  
Plant Growing Season

Abstract. Precipitation patterns across Central Europe are expected to change over the 21st century due to climate change. This may reduce water availability during the plant-growing season and hence affect the performance and vitality of forest ecosystems. We established a novel rainfall reduction experiment on nine sites in Germany to investigate drought effects on soil–forest–understory ecosystems. A realistic, but extreme annual drought with a return period of 40 years, which corresponds to the 2.5% percentile of the annual precipitation, was imposed. At all sites, we were able to reach the target values of rainfall reduction, while other important ecosystem variables like air temperature, humidity, and soil temperature remained unaffected due to the novel design of a flexible roof. The first year of drought showed considerable changes in the soil moisture dynamics relative to the control sites, which affected leaf stomatal conductance of understory species as well as evapotranspiration rates of the forest understory.

scholarly journals Drought in forest understory ecosystems – a novel rainfall reduction experiment

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 14319-14358
Author(s):  
K. F. Gimbel ◽  
K. Felsmann ◽  
M. Baudis ◽  
H. Puhlmann ◽  
A. Gessler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Forest Understory ◽  
First Year ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Reduction Experiment ◽  
Target Values ◽  
Rainfall Reduction ◽  
Novel Design ◽  
Moisture Dynamics ◽  
Plant Growing Season

Abstract. Climate change is predicted to severely affect precipitation patterns across central Europe. This may reduce water availability during the plant-growing season and hence affect the performance and vitality of forest ecosystems. We established a novel rainfall reduction experiment on nine sites in Germany to investigate drought effects on soil-forest-understory-ecosystems. A realistic, but extreme annual drought with a return period of 40 years, which corresponds to the 2.5% percentile of the annual precipitation, was imposed. At all sites, we were able to reach the target values of rainfall reduction, while other important ecosystem variables like air temperature, humidity and soil temperature remained unaffected due to the novel design of a flexible roof. The first year of drought showed considerable changes in the soil moisture dynamics relative to the control sites, which affected leaf stomatal conductance of understory species as well as evapotranspiration rates of the forest understory.

Calculation and Measurement of the Stiffness and Damping Coefficients for a Low Impedance Hydrodynamic Bearing

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Goodwin ◽  
P. J. Ogrodnik ◽  
M. P. Roach ◽  
Y. Fang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Dynamic Stiffness ◽  
Perturbation Technique ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Oil Film ◽  
Hydrodynamic Bearing ◽  
Damping Coefficients ◽  
Stiffness And Damping ◽  
Film Stiffness ◽  
Novel Design

This paper describes a combined theoretical and experimental investigation of the eight oil film stiffness and damping coefficients for a novel low impedance hydrodynamic bearing. The novel design incorporates a recess in the bearing surface which is connected to a standard commercial gas bag accumulator; this arrangement reduces the oil film dynamic stiffness and leads to improved machine response and stability. A finite difference method was used to solve Reynolds equation and yield the pressure distribution in the bearing oil film. Integration of the pressure profile then enabled the fluid film forces to be evaluated. A perturbation technique was used to determine the dynamic pressure components, and hence to determine the eight oil film stiffness and damping coefficients. Experimental data was obtained from a laboratory test rig in which a test bearing, floating on a rotating shaft, was excited by a multi-frequency force signal. Measurements of the resulting relative movement between bearing and journal enabled the oil film coefficients to be measured. The results of the work show good agreement between theoretical and experimental data, and indicate that the oil film impedance of the novel design is considerably lower than that of a conventional bearing.

scholarly journals A novel flexible tool with rotary ultrasonic spindle for fine grinding of tungsten carbide

2018 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
pp. 00018
Author(s):  
Albert Wen-Jeng Hsue ◽  
Yi-Zhong Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Tungsten Carbide ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Machining Processes ◽  
Flexible Tool ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Cnc Grinding ◽  
Grinding Conditions ◽  
Novel Design ◽  
Conventional Machining ◽  
Tungsten Steel

Tungsten carbide is a typical difficult-to-cut material by conventional machining processes. In this paper, a novel design of flexible abrasives tool combined with a rotary ultrasonic machining (RUM) spindle is conducted to reduce the labor force significantly. The newly designed flexibility of tool-tip is aimed at preventing overcutting from the CNC grinding. The grinding conditions with resulted surface morphology of the tungsten steel were investigated through Taguchi design of experiment and ANOVA analysis. The machining capability of the novel flexible tool is compared with conventional tools through specific grinding paths under proper operational conditions.

Why Do So Few Consumers Use Health Care Quality Report Cards? A Framework for Understanding the Limited Consumer Impact of Comparative Quality Information

2018 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 515-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeraj Bhandari ◽  
Dennis P. Scanlon ◽  
Yunfeng Shi ◽  
Rachel A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Quality ◽  
Care Quality ◽  
Report Cards ◽  
Quality Information ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cognitive Limitations ◽  
Provider Quality ◽  
The Media ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Novel Design

Despite growing investment in producing and releasing comparative provider quality information (CQI), consumer use of CQI has remained poor. We offer a framework to interpret and synthesize the existing literature’s diverse approaches to explaining the CQI’s low appeal for consumers. Our framework cautions CQI stakeholders against forming unrealistic expectations of pervasive consumer use and suggests that they focus their efforts more narrowly on consumers who may find CQI more salient for choosing providers. We review the consumer impact of stakeholder efforts to apply the burgeoning knowledge of consumers’ cognitive limitations to the design and dissemination of the new generation of report cards; we conclude that while it is too limited to draw firm conclusions, early evidence suggests consumers are responding to the novel design and dissemination strategies. We find that consumers continue to have difficulty accessing reliable report cards, while the media remains underused in the dissemination of report cards.

scholarly journals Translucent Answer Predictions in Multi-Hop Reading Comprehension

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (05) ◽  
pp. 7700-7707
Author(s):  
G P Shrivatsa Bhargav ◽  
Michael Glass ◽  
Dinesh Garg ◽  
Shirish Shevade ◽  
Saswati Dana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Question Answering ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Local Context ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Loose Coupling ◽  
Loosely Coupled ◽  
Neural Architecture ◽  
Coupled Networks ◽  
Novel Design

Research on the task of Reading Comprehension style Question Answering (RCQA) has gained momentum in recent years due to the emergence of human annotated datasets and associated leaderboards, for example CoQA, HotpotQA, SQuAD, TriviaQA, etc. While state-of-the-art has advanced considerably, there is still ample opportunity to advance it further on some important variants of the RCQA task. In this paper, we propose a novel deep neural architecture, called TAP (Translucent Answer Prediction), to identify answers and evidence (in the form of supporting facts) in an RCQA task requiring multi-hop reasoning. TAP comprises two loosely coupled networks – Local and Global Interaction eXtractor (LoGIX) and Answer Predictor (AP). LoGIX predicts supporting facts, whereas AP consumes these predicted supporting facts to predict the answer span. The novel design of LoGIX is inspired by two key design desiderata – local context and global interaction– that we identified by analyzing examples of multi-hop RCQA task. The loose coupling between LoGIX and the AP reveals the set of sentences used by the AP in predicting an answer. Therefore, answer predictions of TAP can be interpreted in a translucent manner. TAP offers state-of-the-art performance on the HotpotQA (Yang et al. 2018) dataset – an apt dataset for multi-hop RCQA task – as it occupies Rank-1 on its leaderboard (https://hotpotqa.github.io/) at the time of submission.

scholarly journals An Enhanced FPGA Based Asynchronous Microprocessor Design Using VIVADO and ISIM

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-208
Author(s):  
Archana Rani ◽  
Naresh Grover
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Microprocessor Design ◽  
Novel Design

This paper deals with the novel design and implementation of asynchronous microprocessor by using HDL on Vivado tool wherein it has the capability of handling even I-Type, R-Type and Jump instructions with multiplier instruction packet. Moreover, it uses separate memory for instructions and data read-write that can be changed at any time. The complete design has been synthesized and simulated using Vivado. The complete design is targeted on Xilinx Virtex-7 FPGA. This paper more focuses on the use of Vivado Tool for advanced FPGA device. By using Vivado we get enhaced analysis result for better view of properly Route Placed design.

scholarly journals A Robotized Needle Insertion Device for Percutaneous Procedures

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Piccin ◽  
Pierre Renaud ◽  
Laurent Barbe´ ◽  
Bernard Bayle ◽  
Benjamin Maurin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Medical Application ◽  
Needle Insertion ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Percutaneous Therapy ◽  
Percutaneous Procedures ◽  
Insertion Device ◽  
Haptic Control ◽  
Novel Design

In this paper, a new robotized needle insertion device is proposed for computer-assisted percutaneous therapy. The insertion device is integrated in a robotic system dedicated to gesture guidance in a Computed Tomography (CT) scan. The presented design fulfills the stringent requirements of such a medical application: compatibility with a CT-scan and haptic control by the practitioner are ensured as well as safety and sterilization. The novel design of the insertion device is first presented, outlining its main properties, before introducing preliminary experimental results.

A Multifunctional Microfluidic Device Based on Bifurcation Geometry

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Fadl ◽  
Stefanie Demming ◽  
Zongqin Zhang ◽  
Bjo¨rn Hoxhold ◽  
Stephanus Bu¨ttgenbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microfluidic Device ◽  
Microfluidic Devices ◽  
Optical Lithography ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Single Function ◽  
Fluidic Device ◽  
Bifurcation Structures ◽  
Novel Design

Developing multifunctional devices are essential to realize more efficient Microsystems. With miniaturization processes taking place in many different applications, the rooms for single function microfluidic devices are limited. In this study, we introduce a multifunctional micro fluidic device based on bifurcation geometry which is capable of performing pumping and mixing at the same time. Optical lithography is used to fabricate the designed microfluidic device. The microfluidic device is tested at low actuator frequencies, and ethanol is employed as a working fluid. The operational principles are based on rectifying the oscillatory flows by using bifurcation structures for flow rectification. The results prove the feasibility of the novel design, and results are presented in terms of flow rates and maximum back pressures.

Design and Analysis of a New Mechanism for a Snake Like Robot

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnathon Garcia ◽  
Kooktae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Power Loss ◽  
Robot Design ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Loss Minimization ◽  
Positive Power ◽  
Unit Distance ◽  
Novel Structure ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Numerical Minimization ◽  
Novel Design

Abstract In this paper, a novel snake like robot design is presented and analyzed. The structure described desires to obtain a robot that is most like a snake found in nature. This is achieved with the combination of both rigid and soft link structures by implementing a 3D printed rigid link and a soft cast silicone skin. The proposed structure serves to have a few mechanical improvements while maintaining the positives of previous designs. The implementation of the silicone skin presents the opportunity to use synthetic scales and directional friction. The design modifications of this novel design are analyzed on the fronts of the kinematics and minimizing power loss. Minimization of power loss is done through a numerical minimization of three separate parameters with the smallest positive power loss being used. This results in the minimal power loss per unit distance. This research found that the novel structure presented can be effectively described and modeled, such that they could be applied to a constructed model.

Emerald – a 16-rotor multicopter for stereo imaging

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetoslav Zabunov ◽  
Garo Mardirossian ◽  
Katia Strelnitski
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Stereo Imaging ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rotor Design ◽  
Novel Concept ◽  
Novel Design ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Prototype Testing

Purpose The current manuscript aims to propose a novel multirotor design. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents a novel 16-rotor multicopter design named Emerald. The novel design innovations and benefits are disclosed. Comparison to existing 16-rotor designs is carried out. Implementation areas where the novel idea shall yield benefit are discussed. A prototype of the presented design is described. Findings The herein proposed 16-rotor design has a number of benefits over existing 16-rotor multicopters. The paper elaborates on those advantages. Research limitations/implications The research was limited to prototype testing, as the presented design is a novel concept. Practical implications The motivation to research and develop this novel design is implementing the vehicle for stereoscopic photography and reconnaissance. The design is also applicable to carrying payloads while flying indoors.

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