Does cooperation affect service delivery costs? Evidence from fire services in Norway

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 1092-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Blåka
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Fire Services ◽  
Delivery Costs

scholarly journals The short-term effects of the implementation of the "Treat All" guidelines on ART service delivery costs in Namibia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. e0228135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Schutte ◽  
Steven Forsythe ◽  
Johnface Fedes Mdala ◽  
Brady Zieman ◽  
Rachael Linder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Delivery Costs ◽  
Treat All ◽  
Short Term Effects

scholarly journals An Analysis of Equalizing Capacity of State Transfers for Local Government Activities in Bulgaria

2019 ◽  
pp. 627-640
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Transfer System ◽  
Fiscal Equalization ◽  
Intergovernmental Transfer ◽  
Delivery Costs ◽  
Fiscal Disparities

The aim of this paper is to examine the fiscal disparities among local governments in Bulgaria and to show the capabilities of the existing intergovernmental transfer system to reduce them. Fiscal equalization policy in Bulgaria is performed through a general equalization transfer for local activities the distribution of which is based on local government tax revenue, as well as on service delivery costs. We measured the extent of equalization in three years – 2007, 2011 and 2017, during which the equalization transfer formula underwent considerable changes. For 365 municipalities we found out that, although the applied equalization mechanisms reduced the inequality in municipal own-source revenuе the remaining fiscal disparities among local governments were still considerable. Our research also suggests that disparity-reducing strength of the general equalization transfer remained almost unchanged during the period under review with its equalizing potential hampered to a great extent by the inclusion of additional compensatory elements in the distribution formula.

The Role of Individualization and Project Learning for Cloud Service Profitability

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-82
Author(s):  
Alexander Herzfeldt ◽  
Thomas Wolfenstetter ◽  
Christoph Ertl ◽  
Helmut Krcmar
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Cloud Service ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
It Industry ◽  
Project Learning ◽  
Delivery Costs ◽  
Cloud Service Providers ◽  
The Impact

This article describes how cloud computing has been one of the most important IT topics in recent years. In increasingly greater numbers, service providers have entered this dynamic market turning it into one of the most competitive markets in modern IT industry. As the market matures, many providers are struggling with profitability issues. Studies on cloud services have primarily approached the topic from a technical or customer's perspective, neglecting the provider's perspective. In this article, the authors address business aspects of cloud services from the provider's perspective. Based on an empirical study of 78 cloud service providers, they analyse the impact of service individualization and project learning on service delivery cost and profitability. The results indicate that while project learning merely helps to reduce service delivery costs, service individualization positively affects profitability.

scholarly journals Does Inter-Municipal Cooperation Really Reduce Delivery Costs? An Empirical Evaluation of the Role of Scale Economies, Transaction Costs, and Governance Arrangements

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Germà Bel ◽  
Marianna Sebő
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Scale Economies ◽  
Delivery Costs ◽  
Meta Regression Analysis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Related Transaction

Inter-municipal cooperation in public service delivery has attracted the interest of local authorities seeking to reform public service provision. Cost saving, together with better quality and coordination, has been among the most important drivers of such cooperation. However, the empirical results on inter-municipal cooperation and its associated costs offer divergent outcomes. By conducting a meta-regression analysis, we seek to explain this discrepancy. We formulate several hypotheses regarding scale economies, transaction costs, and governance of cooperation. While we find no clear indications of the role played by transaction costs in the relationship between cooperation and service delivery costs, we find strong evidence that population size and governance are significant in explaining the relationship. Specifically, small populations and delegation to a higher tier of government seem to offer cost advantages to cooperating municipalities. As an extension of our model, we seek to disentangle service-related transaction costs based on asset specificity and ease of measurability of the service.

scholarly journals Provision of the levonorgestrel intrauterine system in Nigeria: Provider perspectives and service delivery costs

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Aurélie Brunie ◽  
Kate H. Rademacher ◽  
Anthony Adindu Nwala ◽  
Kendal Danna ◽  
Mariya Saleh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Direct Service ◽  
Product Introduction ◽  
Training Costs ◽  
Provider Perspectives ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Delivery Costs ◽  
Planning Methods

Background: Several organizations in Nigeria are leading pilot introduction programs of the levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG-IUS). We conducted a qualitative assessment of providers’ experiences across the five programs and an analysis of service delivery costs in one program. Methods: We conducted 20 in-depth interviews (IDIs) with providers. We used project expenditure records to estimate incremental direct service delivery costs of introducing the LNG-IUS in 40 social franchise clinics supported by the Society for Family Health (SFH). We then compared the direct service delivery costs per couple years of protection (CYP) for the LNG-IUS to other family planning methods. Results: Providers appreciated the therapeutic benefits of the LNG-IUS, especially reduction of heavy bleeding. They said that women generally accepted bleeding changes with counseling but noted complaints about spotting and mixed acceptability of amenorrhea. Providers indicated being comfortable with both the insertion and removal process and believed their equipment and infection prevention protocols were adequate. Lack of awareness among women, limited availability, current pricing, and resistance to uterine placement among some women were perceived as barriers. The estimated direct service delivery cost of introducing the LNG-IUS in pilot settings, inclusive of up-front provider training costs, was USD 34 per insertion. Direct service delivery costs at a ‘steady state’ (i.e., without training costs included for any method) of the LNG-IUS per CYP was similar to that of other contraceptive methods distributed in Nigeria. Conclusion: Providers’ positive experiences with the LNG-IUS and direct service delivery costs per CYP that align with those for other methods suggest that the LNG-IUS could be an important addition to the method mix in Nigeria. Product introduction strategies will need to address both the supply and the demand sides, as well as consider appropriate pricing of the LNG-IUS relative to other methods and particularly the copper IUD.

scholarly journals The early-stage comprehensive costs of routine PrEP implementation and scale-up in Zambia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl Hendrickson ◽  
Lawrence Long ◽  
Craig van Rensburg ◽  
Cassidy Claassen ◽  
Mwansa Njelesani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Annual Cost ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
User Support ◽  
Delivery Costs ◽  
Program Support ◽  
Prep Implementation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Delivery Models

Introduction: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is effective at preventing HIV infection, but PrEP cost-effectiveness is sensitive to PrEP implementation and program costs. Preliminary studies indicate that, in addition to direct delivery cost, PrEP provision requires substantial demand creation and user support to encourage PrEP initiation and persistence. We estimated the cost of providing PrEP in Zambia through different PrEP delivery models. Methods: Taking a guidelines-based approach for visits, labs and drugs assuming fidelity to the expanded 2018 Zambian PrEP guidelines, we estimated the annual cost of providing PrEP per client for five delivery models: one focused on key populations (men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM) and female sex workers (FSW), one on adolescent girls and young women (AGYW), and three integrated programs (operated within the HIV counselling and testing service at primary healthcare centres). Program start-up, provider, and user support costs were based on program expenditure data and number of PrEP sites and clients in 2018. PrEP clinic visit costs were based on micro-costing at two PrEP delivery sites (in 2018 USD). Results: The annual cost per PrEP client varied greatly by program type, from $394 (AGYW) to $760 in an integrated program. Cost differences were driven largely by volume (i.e. the number of clients initiated/model/site) which impacted the relative costs of program support and technical assistance assigned to each PrEP client. Direct service delivery costs, including staff and overheads, labs and monitoring, drugs and consumables ranged narrowly from $208-217/PrEP-user. Service delivery costs were a key component in the cost of PrEP, representing 36-65% of total costs. Reductions in service delivery costs per PrEP client are expected with further scale-up. Conclusions: The results show that, even when integrated into full service delivery models, accessing vulnerable, marginalised populations at substantial risk of HIV infection is likely to cost more than previously estimated due to the programmatic costs involved in community sensitization and user support. Improved data on individual client resource usage (e.g. drugs, labs, visits) and outcomes (e.g. initiation, persistence) is required to get a better understanding of the true resource utilization, cost and expected outcomes and annual costs of different PrEP programs in Zambia.

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