Second Dose of COVID‐19 Vaccination in Immediate Reactions to the First BNT162b2

Beta-lactam (BL) antibiotics are the most frequent cause of drug hypersensitivity in children, inducing both immediate and non-immediate reactions. Here we report a case of a 4-year-old child with a disseminated maculopapular exanthema 7 days after the first dose of amoxicillin–clavulanate, referred to our paediatric allergy department. Skin prick tests were negative. Intradermal tests were performed and, after 10 hours, indurated wheals larger than 10×10 mm with progressive erythema and disseminated maculopapular eruption were developed, related to amoxicillin and amoxicillin–clavulanate. Systemic reactions to BL skin tests are rarely reported and the majority are immediate reactions. This case illustrates a rare example of a non-immediate systemic reaction to intradermal tests, underlying the importance of skin testing before drug provocation tests in cases of moderate to severe non-immediate reactions.

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Immediate reactions to iodinated contrast media

Annals of Allergy Asthma & Immunology ◽

10.1016/j.anai.2017.08.014 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 119 (6) ◽

pp. 553-557 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Cristina Morales-Cabeza ◽

Dasha Roa-Medellín ◽

Inés Torrado ◽

Manuel De Barrio ◽

Carmen Fernández-Álvarez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Contrast Media ◽

Iodinated Contrast Media ◽

Iodinated Contrast ◽

Immediate Reactions

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Evaluation of Clinical Properties and Diagnostic Test Results of Cephalosporin Allergy in Children

International Archives of Allergy and Immunology ◽

10.1159/000513974 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Ozge Yilmaz Topal ◽

Ilknur Kulhas Celik ◽

Irem Turgay Yagmur ◽

Muge Toyran ◽

Ersoy Civelek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Reaction ◽

Diagnostic Test ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Drug Hypersensitivity ◽

Maculopapular Rash ◽

Test Results ◽

Pediatric Allergy ◽

Fixed Drug ◽

Drug Hypersensitivity Reactions ◽

Immediate Reactions

Introduction: Beta-lactams (BLs) are one of the most frequent causes of drug hypersensitivity reactions (HRs), and cephalosporins are a widely used subclass of BLs, especially in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical features and diagnostic test results of pediatric patients evaluated for suspected cephalosporin allergy. Methods: This study included patients who presented to our pediatric allergy clinic with a history of reactions attributed to cephalosporins between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2019, and whose diagnostic tests were completed for the diagnosis. Results: This study included 120 pediatric patients and 69 (57.5%) of them were girls. The median age was 38.63 (interquartile range 10.5–85.7) months. Reactions occurring within 1 h of drug intake were reported in 33 patients (27.5%). Reactions were maculopapular rash in 55 (45.8%) patients, urticaria and/or angioedema in 49 (40.8%), anaphylaxis in 11 (9.2%), severe cutaneous drug reaction in 4 (3.3%), and fixed drug reaction in 1 patient (0.83%). The most frequently suspected agent was cefixime in 41 patients (34.2%). In total, 30 (25%) patients were diagnosed as having cephalosporin hypersensitivity. Confirmation of HRs was also significantly more frequent among patients who were older (p: 0.000), who had taken the drug parenterally (p: 0.000) and with immediate reactions (p: 0.000). Conclusion: Cephalosporin allergy has been confirmed in approximately one-fourth of the patients evaluated for suspected cephalosporin allergy. Confirmation of HRs was significantly more common among patients who were older, had immediate reactions, and had taken the drug parenterally.

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Satellite Tagging and Biopsy Sampling of Killer Whales at Subantarctic Marion Island: Effectiveness, Immediate Reactions and Long-Term Responses

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0111835 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. e111835 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Ryan R. Reisinger ◽

W. Chris Oosthuizen ◽

Guillaume Péron ◽

Dawn Cory Toussaint ◽

Russel D. Andrews ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Marion Island ◽

Killer Whales ◽

Satellite Tagging ◽

Immediate Reactions

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“I Walked in on Them”: Young Adults’ Childhood Perceptions of Sex and Nudity in Family and Public Contexts

Journal of Family Issues ◽

10.1177/0192513x18793923 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (15) ◽

pp. 3804-3831 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Katherine R. Allen ◽

Emily A. Gary ◽

Erin S. Lavender-Stott ◽

Christine E. Kaestle

Keyword(s):

Sexual Behavior ◽

Data Analysis ◽

Human Sexuality ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Situational Contexts ◽

Real Person ◽

Parental Responses ◽

Scholarly Attention ◽

Immediate Reactions

Children’s observation of sex and nudity among parents, peers, or strangers has received limited scholarly attention, mostly because research on sexuality in childhood is difficult or prohibitive to conduct. To address this topic, we conducted a secondary data analysis of 57 human sexuality students’ narratives regarding the emotional and situational contexts of the first sexual image they recalled. We examined those narratives where participants reported that they saw was a “real person” either nude or engaged in sexual behavior. These participants reported viewing three kinds of sexual behavior or nudity: parental, other family members, and nonfamily. In examining participants’ immediate reactions and long-term reflections, we found that many participants, especially females, were confused or upset by what they saw, but few reported a lingering discomfort. Our results indicate that children would benefit from immediate, nurturant, and clarifying parental responses, particularly when children walk in on parents having sex.

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T Cell Assessment in Allergic Drug Reactions during the Acute Phase According to the Time of Occurrence

International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1177/205873920601900112 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 205873920601900 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

M.J. Torres ◽

C. Mayorga ◽

T.D. Fernández ◽

J.A. Cornejo-García ◽

C. Antúnez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Acute Phase ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Receptor Expression ◽

Drug Reactions ◽

Hla Dr ◽

Skin Homing ◽

Delayed Reactions ◽

Cell Subpopulations ◽

Immediate Reactions

Allergic drug reactions can be classified as immediate, accelerated or delayed. This classification usually correlates with the mechanism involved: immediate reactions are IgE mediated and delayed reactions are T cell dependent. We analyzed lymphocyte involvement in patients with these reactions by determining cell subpopulations, activation state and skin homing receptor expression (CLA) in blood and skin. Patients with immediate, accelerated and delayed reactions were evaluated during the acute phase and after resolution. Controls taking drugs were included. Phenotypic immunofluorescence analysis was done by flow cytometry in peripheral blood, and by immunohistochemistry in skin for delayed reactions. Forty-six patients were included, 17 with immediate reactions, 10 accelerated and 19 delayed. At the acute phase CLA was significantly increased in delayed reactions and HLA-DR in all three types of reaction. In the severest delayed reactions, Steven-Johnson/Lyell syndromes, the CD4 subsets were increased in peripheral blood and skin compared to maculopapular exanthemas and urticaria and HLA-DR when compared with urticaria. In maculopapular exanthemas CLA was significantly increased in peripheral blood and skin compared to urticaria and the severe reactions. We found that T-cells are implicated, besides delayed reactions, in immediate and accelerated reactions. In delayed reactions there is a parallelism between results found in skin and peripheral blood with a higher participation of CD4+ cells the more severe the reaction.

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