Vitamin D insufficiency is associated with insulin resistance independently of obesity in primary schoolchildren. The healthy growth study

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to evaluate the frequency of deficiency/insufficiency of vitamin D in adolescents and its relationship to overweight and metabolic disorders.DesignCross-sectional study. Nutritional status was assessed by BMI according to WHO recommendations. Dietary intake was evaluated using a 3 d dietary record. The biochemical evaluation comprised measurements of serum lipids, lipoproteins, glucose, insulin, calcidiol (25(OH)D) and parathyroid hormone. Insulin resistance was calculated using the homeostasis model assessment. Body composition and blood pressure were assessed.SettingFifteen schools (eight public and seven private) in the central city of Juiz de Fora, Brazil.SubjectsThe analysis included a study population of 160 adolescents (seventy-seven eutrophic and eighty-three overweight) aged 15 to 17 years.ResultsVitamin D deficiency and insufficiency was observed in 1·25 and 70·6 % of adolescents, respectively. Serum 25(OH)D levels were statistically lower in adolescents with weight excess, abdominal obesity, hypercholesterolaemia, higher levels of parathyroid hormone, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinaemia and hypertension (P < 0·05). Lower BMI and waist circumference were observed in the third (highest) tertile of vitamin D intake for all adolescents. The high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency is primarily nutritional and reflects a low vitamin D intake.ConclusionsOur results support the negative association among serum 25(OH)D levels and vitamin D intake with non-skeletal outcomes in Brazilian adolescents. Vitamin D fortification of foods and/or the use of vitamin D supplements need to be considered to raise vitamin D intake in the adolescent population, even in a sunny country like Brazil.

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Insulin Resistance and Vitamin D Deficiency in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 2-3

Physiological Research ◽

10.33549/physiolres.931814 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 149-155 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

K. ŠTEFÍKOVÁ ◽

V. SPUSTOVÁ ◽

Z. KRIVOŠÍKOVÁ ◽

A. OKŠA ◽

K. GAZDÍKOVÁ ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease Stage ◽

Vitamin D Insufficiency ◽

Disease Stage ◽

25 Oh Vitamin D

Vitamin D status and the relationship between serum 25(OH) vitamin D concentrations and the components of insulin resistance were examined in 120 patients with chronic kidney disease stage 2 and 3. Insulin sensitivity/resistance was calculated by the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI). In this analysis, the prevalence of insulin resistance was 42 %. Only 17 % of patients had serum 25(OH) vitamin D concentration in the recommended range (≥30 ng/ml), 42 % suffered from vitamin D insufficiency and 41 % had moderate vitamin D deficiency. Insulin resistance significantly correlated with serum 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D concentrations, renal function and protein excretion rate. Our results support the increasing evidence that vitamin D deficiency may be one of the factors participating in the development of insulin resistance already in the early stages of chronic kidney disease.

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Identification of lifestyle patterns, including sleep deprivation, associated with insulin resistance in children: the Healthy Growth Study

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1038/ejcn.2013.280 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 68 (3) ◽

pp. 344-349 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

O Androutsos ◽

G Moschonis ◽

C Mavrogianni ◽

E Roma-Giannikou ◽

G P Chrousos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Sleep Deprivation ◽

Growth Study ◽

Healthy Growth ◽

Lifestyle Patterns

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Vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency is associated with insulin resistance in Brazilian children, regardless of body fat distribution

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s136898001700194x ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 20 (16) ◽

pp. 2878-2886 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Luana Cupertino Milagres ◽

Naruna Pereira Rocha ◽

Mariana de Santis Filgueiras ◽

Fernanda Martins de Albuquerque ◽

Ana Paula Pereira Castro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Representative Sample ◽

Prevalence Ratio ◽

Population Based ◽

Vitamin D Insufficiency ◽

Central Adiposity ◽

Anthropometric Measures ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Study Results

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency and its association with cardiometabolic risk factors, controlled by adiposity, in a representative sample of prepubescent children.DesignCross-sectional population-based study. Body composition was evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Anthropometric measures and blood pressure were performed. Laboratory analyses were performed to determine the levels of vitamin D (25-hydroxyitamin D; 25(OH)D), glucose, insulin, serum lipids and intact parathyroid hormone. Dietary intake was assessed by three 24 h recalls.SettingViçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 2015.SubjectsRepresentative sample of 378 children aged 8 and 9 years from urban schools.ResultsInadequate serum concentrations of 25(OH)D were diagnosed in more than half of the children and none of them met the recommended vitamin D intake. After adjusting for confounding factors in the multiple regression analysis, lower prevalence of insulin resistance and hypertriacylglycerolaemia was found in children with serum 25(OH)D levels ≥75 nmol/l (prevalence ratio=0·25; 95 % CI 0·08, 0·85) and ≥50 nmol/l (prevalence ratio=0·61; 95 % CI 0·37, 0·99), respectively. However, after adjusting for different indicators of adiposity, insulin resistance remained independently associated and the association with hypertriacylglycerolaemia was lost after adjusting for central adiposity. The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency was associated with the number of cardiometabolic alterations in children.ConclusionsThe study results showed that prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency was high among the children and insulin resistance was the main cardiometabolic alteration associated with this condition, even in a tropical climate country such as Brazil.

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Vitamin D Insufficiency Predicts Elevated Levels of Complement 3 Independent of Insulin Resistance and BMI

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology ◽

10.3177/jnsv.63.155 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 63 (3) ◽

pp. 155-160 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Reem M. AL HAJ AHMAD ◽

Hayder A. AL-DOMI

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Insufficiency ◽

Complement 3

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Female sex, small size at birth and low family income increase the likelihood of insulin resistance in late childhood: the Healthy Growth Study

Pediatric Diabetes ◽

10.1111/pedi.12052 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 41-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Yannis Manios ◽

George Moschonis ◽

Christopher Papandreou ◽

Paraskevi-Eirini Siatitsa ◽

Vassiliki Iatridi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Family Income ◽

Late Childhood ◽

Growth Study ◽

Female Sex ◽

Healthy Growth ◽

Size At Birth

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Dietary patterns and breakfast consumption in relation to insulin resistance in children. The Healthy Growth Study

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980013003327 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 17 (12) ◽

pp. 2790-2797 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Kalliopi Karatzi ◽

George Moschonis ◽

Afroditi-Alexandra Barouti ◽

Christos Lionis ◽

George P Chrousos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Growth Study ◽

Cross Point ◽

Breakfast Consumption ◽

Healthy Growth

AbstractObjectiveInsulin resistance is a significant cross-point for the manifestation of several chronic diseases in children and adults. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible relationship of certain dietary patterns and breakfast consumption habits with insulin resistance in children.SubjectsA representative sample of 1912 schoolchildren (aged 9–13 years) participated in a cross-sectional epidemiological study, the Healthy Growth Study, which was initiated in May 2007 and completed in June 2009.SettingIt was conducted in seventy-seven primary schools in four large regions in Greece.DesignDietary intake, breakfast consumption, anthropometric and physical examination data, biochemical indices and socio-economic information collected from parents were assessed in all children. Principal components analysis was used to identify dietary patterns.ResultsA dietary pattern of increased consumption of margarine, sweets (candies, lollipops, jellies, traditional fruit in heavy syrup) and savoury snacks (chips, cheese puffs and not home-made popcorn) was associated with homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR; β = 0·08, P < 0·001) in multivariate models. Children in the third tertile of this dietary pattern had a 2·51 (95 % CI 1·30, 4·90) times higher risk of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR > 3·16) than those in the first tertile. Breakfast consumption had an inverse correlation with insulin resistance, but the correlation lost its significance after adjustments for waist circumference, birth weight, parental BMI and socio-economic status.ConclusionsIncreased consumption of margarine, sweets and savoury snacks, which is a common dietary pattern in childhood, was positively associated with insulin resistance, while breakfast consumption had an inverse association with HOMA-IR, in schoolchildren (aged 9–13 years). Identification of dietary behaviours that might affect insulin resistance in children offers valuable advice in cardiometabolic risk prevention strategies.

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