Genetic diversity of Phytophthora pluvialis , a pathogen of conifers, in New Zealand and the west coast of the United States of America

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 1131-1139 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Brar ◽  
J. F. Tabima ◽  
R. L. McDougal ◽  
P.-Y. Dupont ◽  
N. Feau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
West Coast ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
The West ◽  
Phytophthora Pluvialis

scholarly journals Mining and development lessons from the United States

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gundars Rudzitis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
American History ◽  
The United States ◽  
The West ◽  
Mining Communities ◽  
The Us ◽  
Do So

American history, and particularly that of the West where, during the 19th and early 20th centuries, mining for gold and silver flourished, and periodically continues to do so, is based on a frontier mentality. Indeed, we in the United States of America are still not far removed from that mentality, and have our roots in exploitation based on the idea, historically, of unlimited resources. We have created a variety of myths. Myths need not be bad, but ours have not served us well. We have started to learn slowly from our mistakes and to accept, in however belated a fashion, that we should avoid repeating them. Here I try briefly to sketch some of the outcomes from our history as it relates to mining, in the hope that New Zealand will not suffer some of the same consequences as mining communities and regions have in the US.

Assessment of genetic diversity in isolates ofCiborinia camelliaeKohn from New Zealand and the United States of America

2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 319 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. van Toor ◽  
H. J. Ridgway ◽  
R. C. Butler ◽  
M. V. Jaspers ◽  
A. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States

scholarly journals Contemporary trends in names of wines and wineries in the English-speaking world

Onomastica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-315
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Ahren ◽  
Sheila Embleton
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
West Coast ◽  
The United States ◽  
Washington State ◽  
The West ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
English Speaking World

Over the last fifty years, the number of wineries in the English-speaking world has rapidly grown and with it the number of wines available has also increased. We are referring particularly to Canada, the United States, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. With the increase in the number of wineries and wines has come an attempt by wineries to differentiate themselves by their names and the names of their wines. We discover that the names chosen mainly rely on regional history and culture as well as on humour. We take the Niagara region in Ontario, Canada, as our main example for systematic analysis, and then make reference to other English-speaking wine-producing regions in Canada (British Columbia), Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and the west coast of the United States (California, Washington State and Oregon).

scholarly journals A Climatology of 500-hPa Closed Lows in the Northeastern Pacific Ocean, 1948–2011

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 1578-1592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina S. Oakley ◽  
Kelly T. Redmond
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Interannual Variability ◽  
West Coast ◽  
The United States ◽  
Western United States ◽  
The West ◽  
Reanalysis Dataset ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Northeastern Pacific

AbstractThe northeastern Pacific Ocean is a preferential location for the formation of closed low pressure systems. These slow-moving, quasi-barotropic systems influence vertical stability and sustain a moist environment, giving them the potential to produce or affect sustained precipitation episodes along the west coast of the United States. They can remain motionless or change direction and speed more than once and thus often pose difficult forecast challenges. This study creates an objective climatological description of 500-hPa closed lows to assess their impacts on precipitation in the western United States and to explore interannual variability and preferred tracks. Geopotential height at 500 hPa from the NCEP–NCAR global reanalysis dataset was used at 6-h and 2.5° × 2.5° resolution for the period 1948–2011. Closed lows displayed seasonality and preferential durations. Time series for seasonal and annual event counts were found to exhibit strong interannual variability. Composites of the tracks of landfalling closed lows revealed preferential tracks as the features move inland over the western United States. Correlations of seasonal event totals for closed lows with ENSO indices, the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO), and the Pacific–North American (PNA) pattern suggested an above-average number of events during the warm phase of ENSO and positive PDO and PNA phases. Precipitation at 30 U.S. Cooperative Observer stations was attributed to closed-low events, suggesting 20%–60% of annual precipitation along the West Coast may be associated with closed lows.

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