Self‐concept as a mechanism through which parental psychological control impairs empathy development from adolescence to emerging adulthood

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 713-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
So Young Choe ◽  
Jungeun Olivia Lee ◽  
Stephen J. Read
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Psychological Control ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Parental Psychological Control ◽  
Empathy Development

scholarly journals Spanish validation of the Parental Psychological Control Scale and Parental Psychological ControlDisrespect Scale

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-120
Author(s):  
Carmen Rodríguez-Menéndez ◽  
María de las Mercedes Inda-Caro ◽  
Carmen-María Fernández-García ◽  
Lindsay Martínez-García
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Control ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Control Scale ◽  
Parental Psychological Control ◽  
Spanish Validation ◽  
Two Samples

The construct “parental psychological control” has been used to refer to those parental behaviors that interfere with the children’s thoughts and feelings. Examples of this type of behaviors would be inducing guilt or shame as well as the withdrawal of affection. The objective of this study was to validate and adapt the Spanish version of the Psychological Control Scale-Youth Self-Report (PCS-YSR) and the Psychological Control-Disrespect Scale (PCDS) and to analyze if the parental psychological control is defined as one dimension or two dimensions through manipulative and disrespectful behaviors towards adolescents. Also, the unique contribution of parental psychological control in predicting adolescent’s self-concept was examined. In two samples of undergraduate university students (the first, N = 367, mean age = 19.8, women=62.7%, men=37.3%, and the second, N= 312, mean age=19.7, women=73.9%, men=26.1%), exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the hypothesized factor structure of the PCS-YSR and the PCDS, for both paternal and maternal ratings. Convergent validity was confirmed by consistent associations between both measures of parental psychological control and other measures of parental autonomy support and parental psychological control. The multi-group analysis confirmed that parental psychological control had a negative influence on self-concept. The results indicated that both scales are useful instruments for assessing parental psychological control.

scholarly journals Validation of the Dependency-Oriented and Achievement-Oriented Psychological Control Scale (DAPCS) in a Spanish-speaking late adolescent sample

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar García-Pérez ◽  
Carmen Rodríguez-Menéndez ◽  
Susana Torío-López ◽  
Sara Rodríguez-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Psychological Control ◽  
Spanish Version ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Late Adolescents ◽  
Late Adolescent ◽  
Control Scale ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Parental Psychological Control

El control psicológico parental se refiere a los comportamientos de los padres que interfieren con los pensamientos y sentimientos del niño y se caracterizan por el uso excesivo de técnicas de manipulación, como la inducción de culpa o vergüenza y la retirada del afecto. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo validar la versión en español de la Dependency-oriented and Achievement-oriented Psychological Control Scale (DAPCS) (Escala de control psicológico orientado a la dependencia y control psicológico orientado al logro), una nueva medida diseñada para evaluar la percepción del control psicológico de un adolescente. Otro objetivo fue determinar la influencia del control psicológico parental percibido sobre el autoconcepto de los adolescentes. Evaluamos la estructura factorial, la fiabilidad y la validez convergente en una muestra de adolescentes tardíos españoles (N = 310, edad media = 19.75). Los análisis de factores exploratorios y confirmatorios mostraron que la estructura factorial de la escala DAPCS se describe mejor con una solución de 2 factores, tanto para padres como para madres, lo que indica la distinción entre control psicológico orientado a la dependencia y el orientado al logro. Los altos índices de consistencia interna indicaron que la escala DAPCS produjo óptimas puntuaciones. Además, la validez convergente fue confirmada por la correlación entre el DAPCS y otras medidas de control psicológico, así como con otras medidas del análisis de la crianza. La regresión jerárquica también mostró que DAPCS predijo el autoconcepto de los adolescentes tardíos. Los resultados de este estudio indican que la versión en español del DAPCS es un instrumento útil para estudiar ambos tipos de control psicológico. Parental psychological control refers to those parental behaviors that interfere with the child's thoughts and feelings and are characterized by excessive use of manipulative techniques, such as inducing guilt or shame and love-withdrawal. This study was aimed at validating the Spanish version of the Dependency-oriented and Achievement-oriented Psychological Control Scale (DAPCS), a new measure designed to assess an adolescent’s perception of psychological control. Another objective was to determine the influence of perceived parental psychological control on adolescents’ self-concept. We evaluated the factor structure, reliability, and convergent validity in a sample of Spanish late adolescents (N = 310, mean age = 19.75). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses showed that the DAPCS factor structure is best described by a 2-factor solution, for both paternal and maternal ratings, indicating the distinction between dependency-oriented and achievement-oriented psychological control. High indices of internal consistency indicated that DAPCS produced reliable scores. Moreover, convergent validity was confirmed by consistent associations between the DAPCS and other measures of psychological control and other parenting dimensions. Hierarchical regression also showed that DAPCS predicted late adolescents’ self-concept. The results of this study indicate that the Spanish version of the DAPCS is a useful instrument for studying both types of psychological control.

Mind games: Parental psychological control and emerging adults’ adjustment

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 695-714
Author(s):  
Amanda N. Faherty ◽  
Katie Lowe ◽  
Jeffrey Jensen Arnett
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Psychological Control ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Parental Psychological Control

Although parental psychological control has been consistently linked with negative outcomes in the child and adolescent literature, little is known about how it functions during the developmental time frame of emerging adulthood, which is characterized by increased freedom and instability. Consequently, this study examined the extent to which paternal and maternal psychological controls were directly and indirectly (via self-esteem) related to hallmarks of emerging adult adjustment, notably risky behaviors, life satisfaction, and feelings about adulthood status. Recruited via MTurk, participants were 310 emerging adults ( M age = 25.37; 56% female) across the U.S. who completed an online survey. Results revealed paternal psychological control had a direct effect on risky behaviors and self-esteem, whereas maternal psychological control solely had a direct effect on risky behaviors. Results also indicated indirect effects of paternal psychological control. Increases in paternal psychological control were linked to declines in self-esteem, which in turn was associated with decreased life satisfaction and endorsement of adulthood status. Altogether, findings suggest that even low levels of parental psychological control were linked to detrimental outcomes in an age-representative sample—encompassing the full age range of emerging adulthood from 18 years to 29 years—of emerging adults. Thus, findings contribute to a better understanding of parent–child relationships and the consequences of parental control during the third decade of life, which has important implications for informing parenting strategies across emerging adulthood.

Psychological Intimate Partner Violence, Insecure Attachment, and Parental Psychological Control from Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052095797
Author(s):  
So Young Choe ◽  
Jungeun Olivia Lee ◽  
Stephen J. Read
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Psychological Control ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
Insecure Attachment ◽  
Attachment Avoidance ◽  
Parental Psychological Control

We examine if psychological intimate partner violence (pIPV) is predicted by parental psychological control (PPC) via insecure attachment. Our results analyzing longitudinal data from the Child Development Project show that PPC perceived at age 16 predicts insecure attachment at age 18, which then predicts pIPV at age 24. Moreover, the paths with attachment anxiety are consistently significant while ones with attachment avoidance are not. Further, all the paths are significant regardless of the gender of the adolescents and parents, which indicates that PPC is detrimental regardless of the gender of the adolescents or parents. Lastly, PPC perceived at age 16 does not directly predict pIPV at age 24, which suggests that social learning theory of aggression ( Bandura, 1978 ) may not explain the association from PPC to pIPV. Our results suggest that research and practice would benefit by considering PPC as an antecedent of pIPV via insecure attachment from adolescence to emerging adulthood.

Parental psychological control and dimensions of identity formation in emerging adulthood.

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 546-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koen Luyckx ◽  
Bart Soenens ◽  
Maarten Vansteenkiste ◽  
Luc Goossens ◽  
Michael D. Berzonsky
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Psychological Control ◽  
Parental Psychological Control
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